@article {58068, title = {Two new species of crickets Adelosgryllus Mesa \& Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from the Araripe-Apodi National Forest, State of Cear{\'a}, Brazil}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

In this paper we describe two new sympatric species of phalangopsid crickets Adelosgryllus from the Araripe-Apodi Na- tional Forest, State of Cear\á, Brazil, highlighting morphological characters, mainly from male genitalia, tegmina and cop- ulatory papilla. We also present a geographical map for the valid species of the genus, as well as photographs of holotypes and paratypes. The type-material is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S\ão Paulo (MZUSP).

}, keywords = {Ensifera, genitalia, Insect, Neotropical region, taxonomy}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4420.110.11646/zootaxa.4420.1.5}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4420.1https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4420.1.5https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/38768/33122}, author = {CORR{\^E}A, ROBSON CREPES and PEREIRA, MARCELO RIBEIRO and DA COSTA, MARIA K{\'A}TIA MATIOTTI and SZINWELSKI, NEUCIR and MARTINS, LUCIANO DE PINHO and Zefa, Edison} } @article {53428, title = {The Tree Cricket Neoxabea brevipes Rehn, 1913 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae) from the Brazilian southern Atlantic Forest: morphology, bioacoustics and cytogenetics}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4531}, year = {2018}, month = {Feb-12-2019}, pages = {554}, abstract = {

In this paper we improve the morphological description of the tree cricket Neoxabea brevipes Rehn, 1913 and a new oc- currence record for the species at the S\ão Francisco de Paula National Forest Conservation Unit, State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Morphological characterization is provided together with illustrations emphasizing the most signif- icant diagnostic features, such as the metanotal gland, abdominal specializations and phallic sclerites. The calling song was field recorded, comprising a continuous trill with dominant frequency of 3.6 kHz (19.7\°C). The karyotype was de- scribed for the first time to Neoxabea Kirby, 1906, including diploid number of 2n=26, with two sexual chromosomes.

}, keywords = {Ensifera, genitalia, Insecta, metanotal gland, taxonomy}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4531.410.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.6}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4531.4https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4531.4.6}, author = {Zefa, Edison and Riuler Corr{\^e}a Acosta and TIMM, VITOR FALCHI and MARINHO, MARCO ANTONIO TONUS and Maria K{\'a}tia Matiotti Da Costa} } @article {50906, title = {The heterospecific calling song can improve conspecific signal detection in a bushcricket species}, journal = {Hearing Research}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-09-2017}, abstract = {

In forest clearings of the Malaysian rainforest, chirping and trilling Mecopoda species often live in sympatry. We investigated whether a phenomenon known as stochastic resonance (SR) improved the ability of individuals to detect a low-frequent signal component typical of chirps when members of the heterospecific trilling species were simultaneously active. This phenomenon may explain the fact that the chirping species upholds entrainment to the conspecific song in the presence of the trill. Therefore, we evaluated the response probability of an ascending auditory neuron (TN-1) in individuals of the chirping Mecopoda species to triple-pulsed 2, 8 and 20 kHz signals that were broadcast 1 dB below the hearing threshold while increasing the intensity of either white noise or a typical triller song.

Our results demonstrate the existence of SR over a rather broad range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of input signals when periodic 2 kHz and 20 kHz signals were presented at the same time as white noise. Using the chirp-specific 2 kHz signal as a stimulus, the maximum TN-1 response probability frequently exceeded the 50\% threshold if the trill was broadcast simultaneously. Playback of an 8 kHz signal, a common frequency band component of the trill, yielded a similar result. Nevertheless, using the trill as a masker, the signal-related TN-1 spiking probability was rather variable. The variability on an individual level resulted from correlations between the phase relationship of the signal and syllables of the trill. For the first time, these results demonstrate the existence of SR in acoustically-communicating insects and suggest that the calling song of heterospecifics may facilitate the detection of a subthreshold signal component in certain situations. The results of the simulation of sound propagation in a computer model suggest a wide range of sender-receiver distances in which the triller can help to improve the detection of subthreshold signals in the chirping species.

}, keywords = {acoustic communication, auditory interneuron, Ensifera, signal detection, stochastic resonance}, issn = {03785955}, doi = {10.1016/j.heares.2017.09.011}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378595517302113}, author = {Abdelatti, Zainab A.S. and Hartbauer, Manfred} } @article {50731, title = {Anurogryllus Saussure, 1877 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from southern Brazil: new species and new records}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4290}, year = {2017}, month = {Oct-07-2017}, pages = {559}, abstract = {

The aim of this work was to extend the taxonomic knowledge of the species of Anurogryllus Saussure, 1877 that occurs in the southern municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. We found three different species, Anurogryllus tapes sp. nov. collected in municipalities of Cangu\çu and Cap\ão do Le\ão, Anurogryllus patos sp. nov. from Cap\ão do Le\ão and Anurogryllus toledopizai (de Mello, 1988) recorded from Cangu\çu, Cap\ão do Le\ão e S\ão Louren\ço do Sul. Here we present the descriptions of morphology, male genitalia and calling songs.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, calling song, cricket, Ensifera, Orthoptera, Pampa biome}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4290.310.11646/zootaxa.4290.3.9}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4290.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4290.3.9}, author = {Red{\"u}, Darlan Rutz and Zefa, Edison} } @article {47886, title = {A new species of tree crickets Oecanthus (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) in tobacco plantation from Southern Brazil, with body color variation}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4018}, year = {2015}, month = {Mar-09-2016}, pages = {266}, abstract = {

We provide herein a description of a new species of Oecanthus collected from the tobacco plantation in southern Brazil, municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul. Description focused metanotal gland features, phallic sclerites, and calling song. A large sampling of individuals was distributed into four groups according to body and appendages color and dotted. We also rank all kind of marks present in the scape and pedicel. We compare linear morphometric variables of the metanotal glands and tegmina, as well as calling song parameters between groups in order do define all of them as the same species. Photographs and measurements are provided.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Ensifera, insects, metanotal gland, taxonomy}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4018.210.11646/zootaxa.4018.2.6}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4018.2}, author = {Milach Elisa Machado and Luciano de P. Martins and Maria K{\'a}tia Matiotti Da Costa and Marco Silva Gottschalk and Gabriel Lobregat de Oliveira and Red{\"u}, Darlan Rutz and Neytzling, Alexandre Schneid and Vasconcellos, Lucas Avezedo and Zefa, Edison} } @article {40441, title = {Neuroanatomy of the complex tibial organ of Stenopelmatus (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Stenopelmatidae)}, journal = {The Journal of Comparative Neurology}, volume = {511}, year = {2008}, month = {Jan-11-2008}, pages = {81 - 91}, abstract = {

Stenopelmatidae (or \“Jerusalem crickets\”) belong to the atympanate Ensifera, lacking hearing organs in the foreleg tibiae. Their phylogenetic position is controversial, either as a taxon in Tettigonioidea or within the clade of Gryllacridoidea. Similarly, the origin of tibial auditory systems in Ensifera is controversial. Therefore, we investigated the neuronal structures of the proximal tibiae of Stenopelmatus spec. with the hypothesis that internal sensory structures are similar to those in tympanate Ensifera. In Stenopelmatus the complex tibial organ consists of three neuronal parts: the subgenual organ, the intermediate organ, and a third part with linearly arranged neurons. This tripartite organization is also found in tympanate Ensifera, verifying our hypothesis. The third part of the sense organ found in Stenopelmatus can be regarded by the criterion of position as homologous to auditory receptors of hearing Tettigonioidea. This crista acustica homolog is found serially in all thoracic leg pairs and contains 20 \± 2 chordotonal neurons in the foreleg. The tibial organ was shown to be responsive to vibration, with a broad threshold of about 0.06 ms\−2 in a frequency range from 100\–600 Hz. The central projection of tibial sensory neurons terminates into two equally sized lobes in the primary sensory neuropil, the medial ventral association center. The data are discussed comparatively to those of other Ensifera and mapped phylogenetically onto recently proposed phylogenies for Ensifera. The crista acustica homolog could represent a neuronal rudiment of a secondarily reduced ear, but neuronal features are also consistent with an evolutionary preadaptation.

}, keywords = {chordotonal organ, Ensifera, neuroanatomy, sensory evolution, Stenopelmatidae, vibrational communication}, issn = {00219967}, doi = {10.1002/cne.v511:110.1002/cne.21836}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cne.v511\%3A1}, author = {Strau{\ss}, Johannes and Lakes-Harlan, Reinhard} } @article {40435, title = {Neuroanatomy and Physiology of the Complex Tibial Organ of an Atympanate Ensiferan, Ametrus tibialis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888) (Gryllacrididae, Orthoptera) and Evolutionary Implications}, journal = {Brain, Behavior and Evolution}, volume = {71}, year = {2008}, month = {Jan-01-2008}, pages = {167 - 180}, abstract = {

We investigated the neuroanatomy and physiology of the complex tibial organ of an atympanate ensiferan, the Gryllacridid Ametrus tibialis. This represents the first analysis of internal mechanoceptors in Gryllacridids. The complex tibial organ is tripartite consisting of a subgenual organ, intermediate organ and a homologue organ to the crista acustica of tympanate ensiferan taxa of Tettigoniidae, Haglidae, and Anostostomatidae. The crista homologue contains 23 \± 2 receptor neurons in the foreleg. It is associated with the leg trachea and found serially in all three thoracic leg pairs. Central projections of the sensory nerve of the complex tibial organ bifurcate in two lobes in the prothoracic ganglion, which do not reach the midline. The axonal endings project into the mVAC, the main vibratory-auditory neuropile of Ensifera. Recordings of the tibial nerve show that the tibial organ is sensitive to vibrational stimuli with a minimum threshold of 0.02 to 0.05 ms\–2 at 200\–500 Hz, but rather insensitive to airborne sound. The main function of the tibial organ is therefore vibration sensing, although the specific function of the crista homologue remains unclear. The presence of the crista acustica homologue is interpreted in phylogenetic context. Because ensiferan phylogeny is unresolved, two alternative scenarios can be deduced: (a) the crista homologue is a precursor structure which was co-opted as an auditory system and represent a morphologically highly specialized structure before acquisition of its new function; (b) a previously functional tibial ear is evolutionary reduced but the neuronal structures are maintained. Based on comparison of neuroanatomical details, the crista acustica homologue of A. tibialis could present the neuronal complement of an ear evolutionary precursor structure, which was successively made sensitive to airborne sound by elaboration of cuticular tympana, auditory spiracle and trachea for sound propagation.

}, keywords = {Ametrus tibialis, auditory system, Ensifera, Gryllacrididae, hearing organ, neuroanatomy, vibrational communication}, issn = {0006-8977}, doi = {10.1159/000114405}, url = {http://www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000114405}, author = {Strau{\ss}, Johannes and Lakes-Harlan, Reinhard} }