02798nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245006300055210005900118260001600177300001300193490000600206520211400212653001702326653001102343653001602354653001802370653001502388653002102403100001702424700002502441700002102466856006902487 1996 eng d a0952-462200aTHE MECHANISM OF TUNING OF THE MOLE CRICKET SINGING BURROW0 aMECHANISM OF TUNING OF THE MOLE CRICKET SINGING BURROW cJan-01-1996 a81 - 1170 v73 a

1. Experimental and theoretical studies on the acoustics of the singing burrow of the mole cricket Gryllotalpa australis are reported.


2. The burrow typically consists of a bulb about 26 mm long and 20 mm in diameter, connected through a constriction of diameter about 10 mm to a flaring horn with length about 40 mm and equivalent mouth diameter about 34 mm. The mouth geometry of the burrow differs from one species to another, and the aperture may be either single, double or even multiple. The end of the bulb opposite the horn connects to a narrow exit tunnei of diameter about 8 mm and length up to 1 m. The singing cricket positions itself close to the constriction between the bulb and the horn and produces a song with a frequency around 2.5 kHz.


3. Measurements of sound pressure within the burrow when it is excited by an external sound source at the song frequency show a pressure minimum at the constriction and an amplitude and phase distribution that is consistent with resonance of the burrow at its second modal frequency. The burrow is approximately three-quarters of a wavelength long at this frequency. The same result is obtained when the burrow is excited by a dipole source located near the constriction.


4. Non-parametric model calculations confirm this conclusion and also give broad agreement with the measured response curves over a frequency range from about 1.5 to 5 kHz. The calculated curves indicate an additional resonance at about 1.2 kHz associated with the first mode of the burrow—the Helmholtz or Klipsch resonance—which is apparently not utilised by the insect. This detail is consistent with earlier measurements, and is also supported by measured responses reported here that show an increase in sound pressure with decreasing frequency below 2 kHz as predicted by the model.


5. The measured performance of the burrow is broadly consistent with the model. According to the model, the burrow geometry is close to optimal for maximal sound power radiation.

10abioacoustics10aburrow10aGryllotalpa10amole crickets10aresonators10asound production1 aDAWS, A., G.1 aBennet-Clark, H., C.1 aFLETCHER, N., H. uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.1996.975332101786nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245020900055210006900264260001600333300001100349520094800360653001601308653001701324653002601341653001501367653001801382100002601400700001801426856013601444 2018 eng d a0952-462200aExtremely divergent song types in the genus Aerotegmina Hemp (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hexacentrinae) and the description of a new species from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania (East Africa)0 aExtremely divergent song types in the genus iAerotegminai Hemp O cFeb-04-2018 a1 - 173 a

The genus Aerotegmina comprises a group of African canopy-dwelling, predatory bushcrickets (katydids) that is known for its inflated tegmina and the unusually loud and low-frequency calling song of its type species. Here, we describe the songs of another two species of the genus which are much larger than the type species and have an even lower peak frequency. In addition, small and large species differ in song structure. While the type species and closely related forms have a broad banded, multi-peak song with strong components in the audio and ultrasonic range, the species treated here have an extremely narrow banded, resonant song with a carrier frequency of 2 kHz. With Q-values above 100 these sounds belong to the purest songs ever recorded in Orthoptera. Besides describing songs, stridulatory organs and a new species we discuss the possible functions of the song type. A key to the species of Aerotegmina is provided.

10aAerotegmina10abioacoustics10aEastern Arc Mountains10aOrthoptera10aresonant song1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aHemp, Claudia uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2018.1443284https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09524622.2018.144328400856nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245022800055210007100283260001600354300001100370100002700381700002100408700002400429700001900453700002600472700003300498700002400531700002400555856007100579 2017 eng d a0952-462200aDistinctive male–female acoustic duetting supports the specific status of Isophya fatrensis , a West-Carpathian endemic bush-cricket (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae)0 aDistinctive male–female acoustic duetting supports the specific  cNov-01-2018 a1 - 141 aIorgu, Ionuț, Ștefan1 aKrištín, Anton1 aSzövényi, Gergely1 aKaňuch, Peter1 aJarčuška, Benjamín1 aSahlean, Tiberiu, Constantin1 aIorgu, Elena, Iulia1 aOrci, Kirill, Márk uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2016.127200502155nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260001600253300001200269490000700281520136500288653001701653653001301670653001901683653001701702653001501719100002601734700002001760700003201780700003301812856006801845 2014 eng d a0952-462200aUltrasonic reverse stridulation in the spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Listrosceledinae)0 aUltrasonic reverse stridulation in the spiderlike katydid iArach cFeb-01-2014 a67 - 770 v233 a

This paper illustrates the biomechanics of sound production in the neotropical predaceous katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Described and previously known from only one male specimen, this genus of predaceous katydids resembles spiders in their general body appearance. To call distant females, male katydids produce songs by stridulation where one forewing possessing a sclerotized file rubs against a row of teeth (scraper) on the other wing. In most katydid species, the songs are produced during the wing-closing phase of the stridulation. Morphological comparative studies of the stridulatory apparatus of the type specimen of Arachnoscelis arachnoides and males of other closely related species suggest that this insect sings with a frequency of ca. 80 kHz to attract conspecific females. We found an abundant population of A. arachnoides in Central Northeast of Colombia and undertook a complete analysis of the biomechanics of stridulation in this species. Using ultrasound-sensitive equipment and high-speed video, we determined that male A. arachnoides sing at ca. 74 kHz and use elastic energy and wing deformation to reach such ultrasonic frequencies. In contrast to most katydids, males of this species produce their calls during the opening phase of the wing; this form of stridulation is discussed.

10abiomechanics10aColombia10aelastic energy10astridulation10aultrasound1 aChivers, Benedict, D.1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aCadena-Castaneda, Oscar, J.1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.2013.816639