01785nas a2200217 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169520098500238653002201223653001201245653001701257653003401274653001801308653001501326653000801341653002201349653001601371100002001387700002401407856013601431 2019 eng d00aAcoustically estimated size distribution of sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus) off the east coast of New Zealand0 aAcoustically estimated size distribution of sperm whales iPhyset3 a

The length-frequency distribution of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) was studied on the east coast of NZ using passive acoustic recorders moored offshore of Kaikoura, Cape Palliser and Castlepoint. Sperm whale’s echolocation signals are unique among odontocete species. Their clicks are composed by multiple pulses resulting from the sound transmission within the whale head. The total length of the whales can be estimated by measuring the time delay between these pulses. A total of 997 length measurements were obtained from click trains using cepstral analysis (mean = 14.6 m; min = 9.6 m; max = 18.3 m; std = 1 m). The size-frequency distributions at all three locations were similar, although animals smaller than 12 m were not present offshore of Kaikoura. Animals of various sizes appeared to be present all year round, with no apparent seasonality in the occurrence of any size class.

10acepstral analysis10aceptrum10aecholocation10alength-frequency distribution10amarine mammal10aodontocete10aPAM10apassive acoustics10asperm whale1 aGiorli, Giacomo1 aGoetz, Kimberly, T. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00288330.2019.1679843https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288330.2019.167984302438nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245011600054210006900170260001600239300001400255490000800269520143800277653001201715653001201727653001601739653001601755653001601771653001901787653001701806100002601823700002501849700001801874700001901892700001601911856023301927 2018 eng d a0003347200aKinship and association do not explain vocal repertoire variation among individual sperm whales or social units0 aKinship and association do not explain vocal repertoire variatio cJan-11-2018 a131 - 1400 v1453 a

Vocal learning often results in distinct dialects among individuals or groups, but the forces selecting for these phenomena remain unclear. Female sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, and their dependent offspring live in matrilineally based social units, and the units associate within sympatric clans. The clans have distinctive dialects of codas (patterns of clicks), as do, to a lesser extent, the units within clans. We examined the similarity of coda repertoires of individuals and units from the eastern Caribbean and related these to patterns of kinship and social association. Similarity in coda repertoires was not discernibly correlated with close kinship or association rates for either individuals or units (matrix correlation coefficients <0.12 for all tests using whole repertoires and data from all units). This supports the prevailing hypothesis that these vocalizations are culturally transmitted. The lack of correlation also indicates that vocal learning may occur broadly within clans, rather than preferentially from close kin or close social associates within social units, or that biases in vocal learning at lower levels of social structure are diffused by clan-level processes, such as conformity. Finally, an absence of signals of kinship in vocalization patterns suggests that a different mechanism, perhaps familiarity through repeated association, mediates kin selection among sperm whales.

10adialect10akinship10amatrilineal10asocial unit10asperm whale10avocal learning10avocalization1 aKonrad, Christine, M.1 aFrasier, Timothy, R.1 aRendell, Luke1 aWhitehead, Hal1 aGero, Shane uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218302811https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302811?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302811?httpAccept=text/plain