02209nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001300041245006600054210006500120260001600185300001200201490000800213520132800221653002001549653001301569653002001582653001701602653002801619653001801647100002601665700002201691700002101713856023301734       2018                        eng d  a0003347200aCognitive constraints on optimal foraging in frog-eating bats0 aCognitive constraints on optimal foraging in frogeating bats  cJan-09-2018  a43 - 500 v1433 a<p>Animals are expected to optimize energy intake when choosing between different foraging options. A common explanation for deviations from optimal economic decisions is that there is an imperfect relationship between physical reality and an animal&#39;s perceptual processes, which can constrain assessment of profitability. One such phenomenon that is apparently ubiquitous across taxa is proportional processing, where a perceived change in a stimulus is proportional to the change in stimulus magnitude. In this study, we investigated whether proportional processing explains how frog-eating bats, Trachops cirrhosus, discriminate between patches of frog choruses that vary in their number of calling frogs. To test this, we created artificial choruses consisting of one to six calling frogs. In the flight cage, we then tested the preference of bats (N = 17) with every pairwise combination of chorus size. We found that while bats generally preferred larger choruses, preferences for larger choruses were better explained by the relative, not absolute, differences in chorus sizes. This indicates that T. cirrhosus is perceptually limited in its ability to discriminate between choruses of varying size as the choruses increase in size. Foragers are likely to be less choosy when choosing among larger patches.</p>
10aDecision making10aforaging10afrog-eating bat10apatch choice10aproportional processing10atúngara frog1 aHemingway, Claire, T.1 aRyan, Michael, J.1 aPage, Rachel, A.  uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218302227https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302227?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302227?httpAccept=text/plain02042nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132260001600201300001400217490000800231520141900239653002701658653002001685653001801705653001801723653001501741100002501756856005501781       2014                        eng d  a0340-759400aSelective phonotaxis of female crickets under natural outdoor conditions0 aSelective phonotaxis of female crickets under natural outdoor co  cJan-03-2014  a239 - 2500 v2003 aAcoustic mate choice in insects has been extensively studied under laboratory conditions, using different behavioural paradigms. Ideally, however, mate choice designs should reflect natural conditions, including the physical properties of the transmission channel for the signal. Since little is known about the discrimination ability of females between male song variants under natural conditions, we performed phonotaxis experiments with female field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) outdoors, using two-choice decisions based on differences in carrier frequency, sound pressure level, and chirp rate. For all three song parameters, minimum differences necessary for a significant preference between two song models were considerably larger outdoors compared to laboratory conditions. A minimum amplitude difference of 5 dB was required for a significant choice in the field, compared to only 1–2 dB reported for lab-based experiments. Due to the tuned receiver system, differences in carrier frequency equal differences in perceived loudness, and the results on choice for differences in carrier frequency corroborate those in amplitude. Similarly, chirp rate differences of 50 chirps/min were required outdoors compared to only 20 chirps/min in the lab. For predictions about patterns of sexual selection, future studies need to consider the different outcomes of mate choice decisions in lab and field trials.10aacoustic communication10aDecision making10aFemale choice10aField cricket10aphonotaxis1 aHirtenlehner, Stefan  uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-014-0881-7