02383nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014700041210006900188260001600257300001200273490000700285520184100292100002902133700002202162856005302184 2004 eng d00aThe spiny devil katydids, Panacanthus Walker (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): an evolutionary study of acoustic behaviour and morphological traits0 aspiny devil katydids Panacanthus Walker Orthoptera Tettigoniidae cJan-01-2004 a21 - 570 v293 a

A cladistic analysis and systematic revision of the genus Panacanthus accompanies the description of three new species, with calling songs reported for four species. The evolutionary origin of spines is considered as a defensive mechanism in Panacanthus; both morphological and behavioural (i.e. acoustic) traits allow inferences about relationships. Phylogenetic analysis produced one most parsimonious cladogram eighty‐two steps long, with the ensemble consistency index = 0.84. Panacanthus cuspidatus and P. pallicornis (formerly Storniza Walker 1869, Martinezia Bolivar 1881) are properly incorporated in Panacanthus. On morphology, Panacanthus is more related to the Neotropical Copiphora and Lirometopum than to the Old World Lesina. Character analysis reveals that in Panacanthus the ancestral condition of calling song resonance (the production of musical sounds) has given rise to a more nonresonant (transient) stridulation. A correlation between the production of more complex sound waves and spinous protection of the body (especially the pronotum) is noted. Because early workers grouped Panacanthus with other spiny genera, based on pronotal morphology, we present a critique of the evolutionary and ecological implications of the development of defensive spines in this genus. This approach may be applied to other taxa using a similar protective mechanism. We advise against arrangement of the pronotal, cephalic and femoral armature as a homologous characteristic across subfamilies. Several pronotal processes and modifications evolved independently in other genera of Conocephalinae, Hetrodinae, Pseudophyllinae and Phaneropterinae. The pronotal structure of Panacanthus is unique and may be taken as a synapomorphic characteristic of all its species and as an autapomorphic feature of the genus.

1 aMontealegre-Z., Fernando1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/sen.2004.29.issue-102337nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007100041210006700112520188600179100002002065700001502085700002302100856009202123 1989 eng d00aThe neuroethology of acoustic startle and escape in flying insects0 aneuroethology of acoustic startle and escape in flying insects3 a

The acoustic startle/escape response is a phylogenetically widespread behavioral act, provoked by an intense, unexpected sound. At least six orders of insects have evolved tympanate ears that serve acoustic behavior that ranges from sexual communication to predator detection. Insects that fly at night are vulnerable to predation by insectivorous bats that detect and locate their prey by using biosonar signals. Of the six orders of insects that possess tympanate hearing organs, four contain species that fly at night and, in these, hearing is sensitive to a range of ultrasonic frequencies found in the biosonar signals of bats. Laboratory and field studies have shown that these insects (including some orthopterans, lepidopterans, neuropterans and dictyopterans), when engaged in flight behavior, respond to ultrasound by suddenly altering their flight, showing acoustic startle or negative phonotaxis, which serve as bat-avoidance behavior. A neural analysis of ultrasound-mediated escape behavior was undertaken in the field cricket Telegryllus oceanicus. An identified thoracic interneuron, int-1, was shown to trigger the escape response, but only when the cell was driven (synaptically or electrically) at high spike rates, and only when the insect was performing flight behavior; avoidance steering only occurs in the appropriate behavioral context: flight. Thus, significant constraints operate upon the ability of int-1 to trigger the escape response. The integration of auditory input and flight central pattern generator output occurs in the brain. It is found that neural activity descending from the brain in response to stimulation by ultrasound is increased when the insect is flying compared to when it is not. Although the behavioral act of avoidance steering may appear to be a simple reflex act, further analysis shows it to be anything but simple.

1 aHoy, Ronald, R.1 aNolen, Tom1 aBrodfuehrer, Peter uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/neuroethology-acoustic-startle-and-escape-flying-insects01976nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173520137300242653002701615653001201642653002101654653002001675653001501695100002101710700002001731856005501751 2007 eng d00aListening for males and bats: spectral processing in the hearing organ of Neoconocephalus bivocatus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aListening for males and bats spectral processing in the hearing 3 a

Tettigoniids use hearing for mate finding and the avoidance of predators (mainly bats). Using intracellular recordings, we studied the response properties of auditory receptor cells of Neoconocephalus bivocatus to different sound frequencies, with a special focus on the frequency ranges representative of male calls and bat cries. We found several response properties that may represent adaptations for hearing in both contexts. Receptor cells with characteristic frequencies close to the dominant frequency of the communication signal were more broadly tuned, thus extending their range of high sensitivity. This increases the number of cells responding to the dominant frequency of the male call at low signal amplitudes, which should improve long distance call localization. Many cells tuned to audio frequencies had intermediate thresholds for ultrasound. As a consequence, a large number of receptors should be recruited at intermediate amplitudes of bat cries. This collective response of many receptors may function to emphasize predator information in the sensory system, and correlates with the amplitude range at which ultrasound elicits evasive behavior in tettigoniids. We compare our results with spectral processing in crickets, and discuss that both groups evolved different adaptations for the perceptual tasks of mate and predator detection.

10aacoustic communication10ahearing10aPredator evasion10aReceptor tuning10aultrasound1 aHöbel, Gerlinde1 aSchul, Johannes uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-007-0245-701368nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001600204300001200220490000800232520077800240100003201018700002201050856013801072 1987 eng d a0036-807500aBat Predation and Its Influence on Calling Behavior in Neotropical Katydids0 aBat Predation and Its Influence on Calling Behavior in Neotropic cFeb-10-1987 a64 - 670 v2383 a

Insectivorous bats have influenced the development of antipredator behavior in moths, green lacewings, crickets, and mantids; until recently, such adaptations were unknown in katydids. Foliage-gleaning bats in Panama can use the female-attracting, airborne calling songs of nocturnal katydids to locate prey. They also feed heavily on these insects. Katydid species sympatric with these bats exhibit markedly reduced calling song duty cycles. Males supplement shortened songs with complex, species-specific tremulations that generate vibrations that are inaudible to bats but reach conspecific females through a shared plant substrate. Female katydids do not call audibly but are also preyed on in large numbers, perhaps as a result of moving toward calling males.

1 aBelwood, Jacqueline, Janine1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.238.4823.64https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.238.4823.6400400nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006200041210006200103300001200165490000700177100001600184856009000200 1982 eng d00aAcoustic communication and baffling behaviors of crickets0 aAcoustic communication and baffling behaviors of crickets a33–440 v651 aForrest, TG uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/acoustic-communication-and-baffling-behaviors-crickets02515nas a2200193 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165300001400234490000800248520178300256653001502039653002402054653002902078653002302107653002502130100001902155700002402174856012302198 1986 eng d00aInsect hearing in the field II. Male spacing behaviour and correlated acoustic cues in the bushcricket Mygalopsis marki0 aInsect hearing in the field II Male spacing behaviour and correl a627–6380 v1593 a

1. Distances between calling maleMygalopsis marki Bailey (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) were measured in two geographically distinct populations. Mean intermale distances differed significantly in the two habitats (6.2 m and 11.5 m), but the sound pressure level of the nearest neighbour, measured at each focal male, was close to 65 dB SPL in both populations (Figs. 4, 6).

2. Using the response of an identified auditory interneuron as a ‘biological microphone’, the maximum hearing distance of males was tested. It was found to be affected by the size of the calling male, its posture, perch height and the vegetation density. Perch height alone influenced the maximum broadcast area of males by some 100%. Nearest neighbour distances were less than half the maximum hearing distances, confirming by neurophysiological methods that males do not space on threshold sensitivity to the complete call (Fig. 5).

3. The ability of the bushcricket to perceive the temporal characteristic of the call was also tested with the auditory interneuron over increasing distances from a signaller. The temporal integrity of the song was found to be maintained over the whole broadcasting area (Fig. 9).

4. The call has two energy peaks at 10 kHz and 20 kHz. The intensity of each peak attenuated differentially with increasing distance from the signaller; the low frequency component had a low variance at the nearest neighbour distance (SD: +4 dB/−6 dB) compared to the high frequency component (SD: +5 dB/−12.5 dB) (Fig. 8). The importance of the total sound pressure level and the relative intensity of the major frequency components of the song are discussed in relation to likely cues available to the male for maintaining spacing.

10aFocal Male10aFrequency Component10aHigh Frequency Component10aNeighbour Distance10aSound Pressure Level1 aRömer, Heiner1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/insect-hearing-field-ii-male-spacing-behaviour-and-correlated-acoustic-cues-bushcricket01309nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260001600249300001400265490000700279520077300286100002001059700002401079856006001103 1985 eng d00aMale Agonistic Behaviour of the Bushcricket Mygalopsis marki Bailey in Response to Conspecific Song (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aMale Agonistic Behaviour of the Bushcricket iMygalopsis markii B cDec-01-1985 a320 - 3300 v703 a

Experiments were conducted on Mygalopsis marki Bailey to determine the response of calling males to singing intruders. By increasing the density of natural aggregations of singing males we were able to observe the behavioural responses of individuals. In high density situations, males sang from lower perches in their plant and this effect was correlated with each male's proximity to other calling males. Furthermore, to examine if resident males were affected by conspecific song, a playback technique was employed using tape recordings of M. marki song. The design of the experiment was such that when confronted with an intruder, steadily increasing the intensity of its song, resident males moved to a lower position in the plant and ceased singing.

1 aDadour, Ian, R.1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00521.x01113nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260001600221300001400237490000600251520061000257100001500867700002400882856004900906 1980 eng d a1442-998500aThe function of sound in male spacing behaviour in bush-crickets (Tettigoniidae, Orthoptera)0 afunction of sound in male spacing behaviour in bushcrickets Tett cJan-09-1980 a275 - 2860 v53 a

This paper examines the spatial dynamics of an aggregation of singing male bush‐crickets (Tettigoniidae) in respect to the degree of regularity between males. Our results establish that singing males of the genus Mygalopsis are regularly spaced within aggregations and that sound is involved in spacing. Attention is focussed on the male strategy of regular spacing within a widely dispersed aggregation in order to attract females reaching sexual maturity within the confines of that population. This is seen as an alternate to male aggregations attracting females from outside their boundary.

1 aThiele, D.1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/aec/5/301378nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245010000054210006900154260001600223300001300239490000700252520088500259100002201144856006601166 1980 eng d a0003347200aCalling display and mating behaviour of Copiphora rhinoceros Pictet (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aCalling display and mating behaviour of Copiphora rhinoceros Pic cJan-02-1980 a42 - IN10 v283 a

Substrate-transmitted signals, known from scattered accounts to occur in several species of acoustic Orthoptera, are brought together and briefly reviewed. Males of a neotropical katydid, Copiphora rhinoceros, were found to alternate stereotyped bouts of body vibration (tremulation) with an 8.7-kHz air-borne song. This calling display is remarkable in combining vegetation-conducted transverse waves with stridulation. A complete acoustic analysis accompanies detailed descriptions of three field matings. Females responded to the male's display silently but with similar body shaking. Copulation lasted almost 4 h, and courtship was prolonged by repeated male withdrawals. The male's coyness probably reflects a costly nutritional investment in a single mating: his spermatophore includes a huge bilobed spermatophylax, consumed by the female after copulation.

1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334728080006601360nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001200202490000800214520092600222100002201148700001501170856004101185 1982 eng d00aSong Structure and Description of Some Costa Rican Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aSong Structure and Description of Some Costa Rican Katydids Orth a287-3140 v1083 a

The physical features of the calling songs of a dozen species of Tettigoniidae from Costa Rica are recorded and analyzed. A new species, Cocconotus pusillus, is described from the cloud forest.

Several forms from the understory of lowland rainforest utilize high-Q (sinusoidal) carrier frequencies in the ultrasonic range and to this end the sound generating regions of the tegmina are uniquely strengthened. Relative to other katydids, these insects show what may be adaptations for avoidance of predatory bats: elongate antennae, lowered thresholds for elicitation of defensive behaviour and a severely curtailed signal emission time. It is proposed that reduced signal dura tion has placed a selective premium on localization efficiency during pair formation. The ultrasonic pure tone carrier, functioning in conjunction with highly directional ear slits, may be an adaptation to enhance localization.

1 aMorris, Glenn, K.1 aBeier, Max uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/2507830102113nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260001600245520156700261100003301828700001901861700002001880700002401900856004301924 2017 eng d00aMorphological determinants of carrier frequency signal in katydids (Orthoptera): a comparative analysis using biophysical evidence0 aMorphological determinants of carrier frequency signal in katydi cApr-09-20183 a

Male katydids produce mating calls by stridulation using specialized structures on the forewings. The right wing (RW) bears a scraper connected to a drum-like cell known as the mirror and a left wing (LW) that overlaps the RW and bears a serrated vein on the ventral side, the stridulatory file. Sound is generated with the scraper sweeping across the file, producing vibrations that are amplified by the mirror. Using this sound generator, katydids exploit a range of song carrier frequencies (CF) unsurpassed by any other insect group, with species singing as low as 600 Hz and others as high as 150 kHz. Sound generator size has been shown to scale negatively with CF, but such observations derive from studies based on few species, without phylogenetic control, and/or using only the RW mirror length. We carried out a phylogenetic comparative analysis involving 94 species of katydids to study the relationship between LW and RW components of the sound generator and the CF of the male's mating call, while taking into account body size and phylogenetic relationships. The results showed that CF negatively scaled with all morphological measures, but was most strongly related to components of the sound generation system (file, LW and RW mirrors). Interestingly, the LW mirror (reduced and non-functional) predicted CF more accurately than the RW mirror, and body size is not a reliable CF predictor. Mathematical models were verified on known species for predicting CF in species for which sound is unknown (e.g. fossils or museum specimens).

1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando1 aOgden, Jessica1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aSoulsbury, Carl, D. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jeb.1317900437nas a2200097 4500008004100000245006900041210006900110260003800179100002800217856009400245 2013 eng d00aInvestigating an adaptive radiation in temperate Neoconocephalus0 aInvestigating an adaptive radiation in temperate Neoconocephalus bUniversity of Missouri–Columbia1 aFrederick, Katherine, H uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/investigating-adaptive-radiation-temperate-neoconocephalus02861nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245010200054210006900156260001600225300001400241490000600255520200300261653003302264653001702297653003102314653001202345653001702357653001102374100002302385700001402408700002502422700002702447700002102474700002202495856006602517 2016 eng d a2351989400aLarge-scale semi-automated acoustic monitoring allows to detect temporal decline of bush-crickets0 aLargescale semiautomated acoustic monitoring allows to detect te cJan-04-2016 a208 - 2180 v63 a

Monitoring biodiversity over large spatial and temporal scales is crucial to assess the impact of global changes and environmental mitigation measures. However, large-scale monitoring of invertebrates remains poorly developed despite the importance of these organisms in ecosystem functioning. The development of new recording techniques and new methods of automatic species recognition based on sound detection and easily applicable within a citizen-science framework, offers interesting possibilities. However, the value of such protocols has not been tested for the study of temporal trends on a large spatial scale.

We used an acoustic region-wide citizen-monitoring program of Orthoptera, conducted along roads, to assess the relevance of automatic species recognition methods to detect temporal trends while taking into account spatial and seasonal patterns of two Orthoptera species activity (Tettigonia viridissima Linnaeus, 1758, and Ruspolia nitidula Scopoli, 1786) at a large scale. Additionally, we tested the effect of climate and land-use variables on spatio-temporal abundance patterns using generalized linear mixed models. We found negative temporal trends for the two species across the survey period (2006–2012). The spatial variations were largely explained by the geoclimatic conditions and, to a lesser extent, by land use (negative effects of urbanization). The temporal variations were highly correlated to the climatic conditions of the year, and of the previous year (nonlinear effect of temperature, precipitation).

To our knowledge, this paper describes the first successful attempt to calculate large-scale temporal trends of insect populations on the basis of an automatic identification process of acoustic data. We argue that acoustic monitoring along roads, coupled with the automatic recognition of species sounds, offers several advantages for assessing Orthoptera biodiversity response to global changes and environmental measures.

10aautomated signal recognition10abioacoustics10acitizen monitoring program10aClimate10aTettigoniida10atrends1 aJeliazkov, Alienor1 aBas, Yves1 aKerbiriou, Christian1 aJulien, Jean-François1 aPenone, Caterina1 aLe Viol, Isabelle uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S235198941530032902284nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245015400054210006900208260001600277300001200293490000800305520141800313653001701731653001701748653001701765653002901782653001401811653001601825653001501841100002401856700001901880700002001899700003301919856006601952 2016 eng d a0044523100aWing mechanics, vibrational and acoustic communication in a new bush-cricket species of the genus Copiphora (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Colombia0 aWing mechanics vibrational and acoustic communication in a new b cJan-07-2016 a55 - 650 v2633 a

Male bush-crickets produce acoustic signals by wing stridulation to call females. Several species also alternate vibratory signals with acoustic calls for intraspecific communication, a way to reduce risk of detection by eavesdropping predators. Both modes of communication have been documented mostly in neotropical species, for example in the genus Copiphora. In this article, we studied vibratory and acoustic signals and the biophysics of wing resonance in Copiphora vigorosa, a new species from the rainforest of Colombia. Different from other Copiphora species in which the acoustic signals have been properly documented as pure tones, C. vigorosa males produce a complex modulated broadband call peaking at ca. 30 kHz. Since males of this species do rarely sing, we also report that substratum vibrations have been adopted in this species as a persistent communication channel. Wing resonances and substratum vibrations were measured using a μ-scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry. We found that the stridulatory areas of both wings exhibit a relatively broad-frequency response and the combined vibration outputs fits with the calling song spectrum breadth. The broadband calling song spectrum results from several wing resonances activated simultaneously during stridulation. Under laboratory conditions the calling song duty cycle is very low and males spend more time tremulating than singing.

10abioacoustics10abiotremology10abush-cricket10alaser Doppler vibrometer10aresonance10atremulation10aultrasound1 aSarria-S, Fabio, A.1 aBuxton, Kallum1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004452311630058400644nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245006300055210006300118260002000181300001400201490000800215100003300223700001600256700002500272700001600297700001900313856013000332 2012 eng d a0036-807500aConvergent Evolution Between Insect and Mammalian Audition0 aConvergent Evolution Between Insect and Mammalian Audition cApr-15-20122141 a968 - 9710 v3381 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando1 aJonsson, T.1 aRobson-Brown, K., A.1 aPostles, M.1 aRobert, Daniel uhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1225271https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.122527100475nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260001400195300001000209490000700219100001900226856010800245 1951 eng d00aThe Seasonal Succession of Orthopteran Stridulation near Raleigh, North Carolina0 aSeasonal Succession of Orthopteran Stridulation near Raleigh Nor cJune 1951 a87-950 v671 aFulton, B., B. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/seasonal-succession-orthopteran-stridulation-near-raleigh-north-carolina02681nas a2200241 4500008004100000245022200041210006900263260001600332520180900348653001802157653001202175653001402187653002202201653002102223653002102244653001902265100002202284700002002306700002302326700002002349700002702369856004302396 2017 eng d00aEvolutionary diversification of the auditory organ sensilla in Neoconocephalus katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) correlates with acoustic signal diversification over phylogenetic relatedness and life history0 aEvolutionary diversification of the auditory organ sensilla in i cJan-03-20173 a

Neoconocephalus tettigoniids are a model for the evolution of acoustic signals as male calls have diversified in temporal structure during the radiation of the genus. Tettigoniidae have hearing organs in the forelegs with species-specific numbers of auditory sensilla in a linear crista acustica. We investigated changes of the hearing organs during an evolutionary radiation with divergence of intraspecific acoustic signals. We compared the neuroanatomy of the crista acustica from 9 Neoconocephalus species with different temporal call features, life histories, and from different phylogenetic positions. Average numbers of auditory sensilla were species-specific, ranging between 32–35 sensilla. It is likely under sexual selection for detection of male calls and natural selection for detection of bat calls. We found statistically significant differences in sensillum numbers among species, but no relationship of crista acustica length or sensillum number with phylogenetic position or life history. Statistically significant correlations existed with call patterns: species with slow pulse rates had significantly higher numbers of auditory sensilla and a longer crista acustica. Further, species with a derived double-pulsed calls had longer cristae, and continuous callers had a higher number of auditory sensilla. Correlations with crista length were stronger than with the number of auditory sensilla. The hearing organs show considerable diversity between species despite their recent divergence and morphological and ecological similarities. Thus, they have the potential to respond to various selective pressures, including divergence of temporal and spectral signal properties. Phylogenetic constraints are unlikely to limit the evolutionary change of the auditory systems.

10ahearing organ10ainsects10aradiation10asensory evolution10asexual selection10asignal evolution10atympanal organ1 aStrauß, Johannes1 aAlt, Joscha, A.1 aEkschmitt, Klemens1 aSchul, Johannes1 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jeb.1306601578nas a2200121 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187300001200256490000700268520108600275100002301361856007201384 1954 eng d00aAudio-spectrographic Analysis of the song of the Cone-Headed Grasshopper, Neoconocephalus ensiger (Harris) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aAudiospectrographic Analysis of the song of the ConeHeaded Grass a297-3030 v543 a

The song of Neoconocephalus ensiger has been described as consisting of a rapid series of somewhat lisping notes that sound like chwi (Scudder 1875), tsip (Allard 1911), or zick (Cantrall 193). Pierce (1948, p. 195) states taht the notes have a frequency of 13,700 cycles per second (a pitch very near the second A above the highest note on the piano), and are 0,033 sec. in length separated by silent intervals 0.052 sec. in length. This writer cannot hear frequencies as high as 13,700 cps, yet has no difficulty in hearing the song of this insect; it would tus appear that something is wrong with Pierce's figures of 13,700 cps.

On August 24, 1953, a male of this species was collected in a grassy field in Bremen Twp., Lincoln Co., Maine; the insect was caged and later the same day a recording was made of its song. The recording was made with a Magnemite tape recorder, using a taoe speed of 15 in. per sec; the insect was baout 8 in. from the microphone. The specimen adn recording are in the writer's collection.

1 aBorror, Donald, J. uhttps://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/4189/V54N05_297.pdf00790nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156300001200225490000700237520027300244100002400517856012700541 1976 eng d00aSpecies isolation and song types of the genus Ruspolia Schulthess (Orthoptera Tettigonioidea) in Uganda0 aSpecies isolation and song types of the genus iRuspoliai Schulth a511-5280 v103 a

An account is given of the songs of six speciesof the tettigoniid Ruspolia Schulthess occurring in Uganda. Some comment is made on their biology and distribution. Particular emphasis is made of the song as an isolating mechanism in sympatric species.

1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/species-isolation-and-song-types-genus-ruspolia-schulthess-orthoptera-tettigonioidea-uganda00556nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173300001200242490000700254100002400261700002200285856012700307 1978 eng d00aThe general biology and phenology of swarming in the East African tettigoniid Ruspolia differens (Serville) (Orthoptera)0 ageneral biology and phenology of swarming in the East African te a259-2880 v121 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aMcCrae, A., W. R. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/general-biology-and-phenology-swarming-east-african-tettigoniid-ruspolia-differens-serville00487nas a2200097 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150100002400219700002400243856012200267 1975 eng d00aA report on the insect fauna of the Prince Regent River Reserve, North-west Kimberley, Western Australia0 areport on the insect fauna of the Prince Regent River Reserve No1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aRichards, Kevin, T. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/report-insect-fauna-prince-regent-river-reserve-north-west-kimberley-western-australia01470nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260001600220300001400236490000800250520098900258100002401247856005301271 1967 eng d a0028-083600aFurther Investigations into the Function of the “Mirror” in Tettigonioidea (Orthoptera)0 aFurther Investigations into the Function of the Mirror in Tettig cDec-08-1967 a762 - 7630 v2153 a

From the calculations of Pierce nearly two decades ago, students of the production of sound in bush crickets have assumed the area of thin cuticle on the right tegmen known as the “mirror” to be acoustically important (Fig. 1). Pierce's attribution of a resonant function to this membrane was challenged by Broughton and Dumortier. Dumortier suggested that the whole tegmen is responsible as an acoustic coupler, not only the mirror. Broughton, working on the decticine, Metrioptera roeselii (Hagenbach), found that the frequency spectrum of one individual was not obligatorily changed by coating the mirror with a deadening film of latex. His results have stimulated further work of the same nature on two members of the Conocephalidae, Conocephalus discolor (Thunberg) and Homorocoryphus nitidulus nitidulus (Scopoli). Both these animals, like M. roeselii, have a well-defined spectrum, but their peak frequencies are at 28 kc/s and 15.5 kc/s, respectively.

1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/215762a001595nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260001600233300001200249490000700261520110300268100002301371856005501394 2014 eng d a1082-646700aA New North American Species of Bucrates (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Copiphorini)0 aNew North American Species of iBucratesi Orthoptera Tettigoniida cJan-07-2014 a69 - 730 v233 a

Bucrates weissmani n.sp. is known from four localities in southern Arizona. It is smaller and more slender than the other four species of Bucrates, making it superficially similar to the Central American copiphorine Caulopsis cuspidata, but more fundamental features refute the notion that it belongs in Caulopsis rather than Bucrates. Four other species of Bucrates are known. Two of these, capitatus (De Geer) and clausus (Scudder), occur in sympatry in Central America and tropical South America; lanista Rehn is known only from southern Brazil; and malivolans (Scudder) is restricted to the southeastern United States. All are easily distinguished morphologically and, for the three for which the songs are known, by their songs. Unlike the two other species of Bucrates for which the habitat is known, B. weissmani occurs on altitudinal islands at the edge of a desert. The calling song of B. weissmani resembles that of numerous species of Neoconocephalus, whereas the songs of B. malivolans and B. capitatus, resemble each other more than either song resembles that of B. weissmani.

1 aWalker, Thomas, J. uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/034.023.010101313nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245010000054210006900154260001600223300001400239490000700253520078500260100002401045700002001069856006601089 1971 eng d a0003347200aSong as a possible isolating mechanism in the genus Homorocoryphus (Tettigonioidea, Orthoptera)0 aSong as a possible isolating mechanism in the genus Homorocoryph cJan-05-1971 a390 - 3970 v193 a

The songs of four species of the genus Homorocoryphus have been recorded in the field in the central region of Uganda. The songs differed in their syllable repetition rates. The effect of artificially produced songs, bearing a close resemblance to the natural song but with a variable repetition rate, has been tested on the activity levels of virgin females of two of the species. It was found that the females responded to the species specific repetition rate. Songs of each of the four species were tested against females of the species H. flavovirens, where a species specific response was established. The implications of the syllable repetition rate and the carrier frequency in this genus was discussed and a possible role in reproductive isolation was postulated.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aRobinson, David uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334727180022201362nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245012000054210006900174260001600243300001400259490000700273520080800280100002401088700002101112856007101133 1983 eng d a0001727200aMechanisms of Defensive Stridulation in the Bushcricket Mygalopsis marki Bailey (Copiphorini, Tettigoniidae)0 aMechanisms of Defensive Stridulation in the Bushcricket iMygalop cJan-06-1983 a117 - 1220 v643 a

The copiphorine tettigoniid Mygalopsis marki uses two acoustic defensive displays which are quite distinct from the tegminal stridulatory mechanism. Both adults and nymphs utilise a stridulation produced within the head capsule. Observation and simple experiment reveal that this sound is produced in conjunction with the passage of air into the buccal cavity. There are large trachea beneath the frons which may be associated as amplifiers of these noises. The hind wings of the adults have small downward projecting spines set in open membranous areas of the wings. When the insect is excited, these spines engage a highly specialised area of the cuticle on the dorsal terga. The production of the noise requires only slight movement of the abdomen. Its role in defense is discussed.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aSandow, John, D. uhttp://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/azo.1983.64.issue-2-300732nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245006200055210005700117260000900174300000900183490000600192520030000198100001700498856007100515 1971 eng d a0040-816600aThe stridulatory apparatus of two species of Tettigoniid.0 astridulatory apparatus of two species of Tettigoniid c1971 a71-60 v33 a

A scanning electron microscopical examination has been made of the stridulatory apparatus of Homorocoryphus nitidulus vicinus (Wlk.) and Jamaiciana flava (Wlk.). Its structure is discussed in relation to function, and the probable affinities of the two species within the Tettigoniidae.

1 aAnstee, J, H uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004081667180032000470nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001200207490000700219100002400226856011000250 1975 eng d00aA review of the African Species of the genus Ruspolia Schulthess [Orthoptera Tettigonioidea]0 areview of the African Species of the genus Ruspolia Schulthess O a171-2260 v371 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/review-african-species-genus-ruspolia-schulthess-orthoptera-tettigonioidea00590nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260001600245300000800261490000900269100002600278700001800304700001900322700002200341856005700363 2014 eng d a1175-532600aTaxonomic, bioacoustic and faunistic data on a collection of Tettigonioidea from Eastern Congo (Insecta: Orthoptera)0 aTaxonomic bioacoustic and faunistic data on a collection of Tett cApr-04-2014 a3430 v37851 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aHemp, Claudia1 aLiu, Chunxiang1 aVolleth, Marianne uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3785.3