02287nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121260001600190520171800206653002201924653001201946653001701958653001701975100002801992700002002020700002202040856004302062 2018 eng d00aAuditory DUM neurons in a bush-cricket: A filter bank for carrier frequency0 aAuditory DUM neurons in a bushcricket A filter bank for carrier  cJun-01-20203 a

In bush-crickets the first stage of central auditory processing occurs in the prothoracic ganglion. About 15 to 50 different auditory dorsal unpaired median neurons (DUM neurons) exist but they have not been studied in any detail. These DUM-neurons may be classified into seven different morphological types, although, there is only limited correlation between morphology and physiological responses. 97% of the stained neurons were local, 3% were intersegmental. About 90% project nearly exclusively into the auditory neuropile, and 45% into restricted areas therein. Lateral extensions overlap with the axons of primary auditory sensory neurons close to their branching point. DUM neurons are typically tuned to frequencies covering the range between 2 and 50 kHz and thereby may establish a filter bank for carrier frequency. Less than 10% of DUM-neurons have their branches in adjacent and more posterior regions of the auditory neuropile and are mostly tuned to low frequencies, less sensitive than the other types and respond to vibration. 35% of DUM show indications of inhibition, either through reduced responses at higher intensities, or by hyperpolarizing responses to sound. Most DUM-neurons produce phasic spike responses preferably at higher intensities. Spikes may be elicited by intracellular current injection. Preliminary data suggest that auditory DUM-neurons have GABA as transmitter and therefore may inhibit other auditory interneurons. From all known local auditory neurons, only DUM neurons have frequency specific responses which appear suited for local processing relevant for acoustic communication in bush crickets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

10acarrier frequency10ahearing10aInvertebrate10alocal neuron1 aLefebvre, Paule, Chloé1 aSeifert, Marvin1 aStumpner, Andreas uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cne.2439902084nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245024600055210006900301260001600370300001200386490000700398520119100405653001701596653002201613653002101635653002201656653001101678100002601689700002201715700003601737700001901773856005001792 2017 eng d a1082-646700aThe genus Ectadia (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Phaneropterinae) in East Asia: description of a new species, comparison of its complex song and duetting behavior with that of E. fulva and notes on the biology of E. fulva0 agenus iEctadiai Orthoptera Phaneropteridae Phaneropterinae in Ea cApr-06-2019 a39 - 510 v263 a

The genus Ectadia is an East Asian genus of the tribe Elimaeini (Phaneropterinae) and is known for the complex stridulatory files of its members. The calling song was so far known from only one species, the relatively widespread Ectadia fulva. Here a new species from Yunnan, China, is described, which is morphologically similar to E. fulva except for the stridulatory file. In this character E. fulva deviates strongly from the new species and from all other Ectadia species by its high tooth number. The long lasting song (duration 30 to 60 seconds at 25°C) of the new species is very complex and differs widely from the much shorter song of E. fulva. Its spectral composition changes during stridulation. In the new species the females respond acoustically during gaps in the final part of the male song, whereas in E. fulva they answer typically after the male song. During mating Ectadia fulva males transfer small spermatophores without spermatophylax. All of its six nymphal stages are cryptically colored. In karyotype the new species being the first studied Ectadia species is similar to the related genera Elimaea and Ducetia (all 2n=29 chromosomes in the male).

10acalling song10acarrier frequency10amale-female duet10astridulatory file10aYunnan1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aIngrisch, Sigfrid1 aWarchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta1 aLiu, Chunxiang uhttps://jor.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1454802252nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245012600054210006900180260001600249300001400265490000700279520141600286653001901702653002201721653001701743653002401760653002301784653002501807653002601832653002301858653003101881100002101912856006501933 1993 eng d a0020732200aUltrasubharmonic resonance and nonlinear dynamics in the song of Oecanthus nigricornis F. Walker (Orthoptera : Gryllidae)0 aUltrasubharmonic resonance and nonlinear dynamics in the song of cJan-04-1993 a217 - 2310 v223 a

In the few cricket species that have been studied, there is a 1 : 1 relationship between carrier frequency and tooth-strike rate in normal song. However, for the vast majority of cricket species that relationship remains unknown. In the tree cricket, Oecanthus nigricornis F. Walker (Orthoptera : Gryllidae : Oecanthinae), the carrier frequency of the song normally equals the tooth-strike rate; rarely, the two are different and phase-locked in ultrasubharmonic ratios, such as 4 : 3 or 5 : 4. Sometimes, both frequencies are simultaneously present, giving rise to acoustic beats with 2 sharp frequency peaks related by similar ratios. The above phenomena were artificially induced in normal live singing crickets by experimental modification of one or both tegmina: beats arise when one of the tegmina vibrates at the tooth-strike frequency, while the other vibrates at the ultrasubharmonic frequency. A mathematical model is presented of the Oecanthus tegminal resonator, consisting of 2 simple coupled differential equations, one of them with a nonlinear restoring term. Integration of the model at various values of tooth-strike rate and exciting force, yields all of the observed phenomena, including normal and ultrasubharmonic output frequencies as well as beats between them. The resulting waveforms and acoustic spectra accurately reproduce those found in natural and experimental recordings.

10aacoustic beats10acarrier frequency10acricket song10ae tooth-strike rate10anonlinear dynamics10anonlinear oscillator10aOecanthus nigricornis10ategminal resonance10aultrasubharmonic resonance1 aSismondo, Enrico uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/002073229390011O