03115nas a2200193 4500008004100000245017600041210006900217520242600286653002102712653001502733653001502748653001902763653001502782100001502797700002602812700002202838700002402860856003702884 2021 eng d00aRapid coral reef assessment using 3D modelling and acoustics: acoustic indices correlate to fish abundance, diversity and environmental indicators in West Papua, Indonesia0 aRapid coral reef assessment using 3D modelling and acoustics aco3 a

Background
Providing coral reef systems with the greatest chance of survival requires effective assessment and monitoring to guide management at a range of scales from community to government. The development of rapid monitoring approaches amenable to collection at community level, yet recognised by policymakers, remains a challenge. Technologies can increase the scope of data collection. Two promising visual and audio approaches are (i) 3D habitat models, generated through photogrammetry from video footage, providing assessment of coral cover structural metrics and (ii) audio, from which acoustic indices shown to correlate to vertebrate and invertebrate diversity, can be extracted.

Methods
We collected audio and video imagery using low cost underwater cameras (GoPro Hero7™) from 34 reef samples from West Papua (Indonesia). Using photogrammetry one camera was used to generate 3D models of 4 m2 reef, the other was used to estimate fish abundance and collect audio to generate acoustic indices. We investigated relationships between acoustic metrics, fish abundance/diversity/functional groups, live coral cover and reef structural metrics.

Results
Generalized linear modelling identified significant but weak correlations between live coral cover and structural metrics extracted from 3D models and stronger relationships between live coral and fish abundance. Acoustic indices correlated to fish abundance, species richness and reef functional metrics associated with overfishing and algal control. Acoustic Evenness (1,200–11,000 Hz) and Root Mean Square RMS (100–1,200 Hz) were the best individual predictors overall suggesting traditional bioacoustic indices, providing information on sound energy and the variability in sound levels in specific frequency bands, can contribute to reef assessment.

Conclusion
Acoustics and 3D modelling contribute to low-cost, rapid reef assessment tools, amenable to community-level data collection, and generate information for coral reef management. Future work should explore whether 3D models of standardised transects and acoustic indices generated from low cost underwater cameras can replicate or support ‘gold standard’ reef assessment methodologies recognised by policy makers in marine management.

10aacoustic indices10acoral reef10amonitoring10aPhotogrammetry10aSoundscape1 aPeck, Mika1 aTapilatu, Ricardo, F.1 aKurniati, Eveline1 aRosado, Christopher uhttps://peerj.com/articles/1076102251nas a2200313 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133520124800202653002801450653001701478653003201495653001501527100002701542700002801569700001801597700002301615700003001638700002201668700002101690700002801711700002201739700002101761700001701782700002801799700002601827700002201853700001901875856004301894 2018 eng d00aIt's time to listen: there is much to be learned from the sounds of tropical ecosystems0 aIts time to listen there is much to be learned from the sounds o3 a

Knowledge that can be gained from acoustic data collection in tropical ecosystems is low-hanging fruit. There is every reason to recordand with every day, there are fewer excuses not to do it. In recent years, the cost of acoustic recorders has decreased substantially(some can be purchased for under US$50, e.g., Hillet  al.2018) and the technology needed to store and analyze acoustic data is contin-uously improving (e.g., Corrada Bravoet  al.2017, Xieet  al.2017). Soundscape recordings provide a permanent record of a site at agiven time and contain a wealth of invaluable and irreplaceable information. Although challenges remain, failure to collect acoustic datanow in tropical ecosystems would represent a failure to future generations of tropical researchers and the citizens that benefit fromecological research. In this commentary, we (1) argue for the need to increase acoustic monitoring in tropical systems; (2) describe thetypes of research questions and conservation issues that can be addressed with passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) using both short-and long-term data in terrestrial and freshwater habitats; and (3) present an initial plan for establishing a global repository of tropical recordings.

10aconservation technology10aecoacoustics10apassive acoustic monitoring10aSoundscape1 aDeichmann, Jessica, L.1 aAcevedo-Charry, Orlando1 aBarclay, Leah1 aBurivalova, Zuzana1 aCampos-Cerqueira, Marconi1 ad'Horta, Fernando1 aGame, Edward, T.1 aGottesman, Benjamin, L.1 aHart, Patrick, J.1 aKalan, Ammie, K.1 aLinke, Simon1 aNascimento, Leandro, Do1 aPijanowski, Bryan, C.1 aStaaterman, Erica1 aAide, Mitchell uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/btp.1259302584nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260001600243520178700259653001802046653001602064653001302080653002602093653001402119653002202133653002702155653001902182653001502201653001602216100002202232700002002254856005602274 2019 eng d a0921-297300aThe quantitative relation between ambient soundscapes and landscape development intensity in North Central Florida0 aquantitative relation between ambient soundscapes and landscape  cNov-11-20203 a

Context

It is widely accepted that wildlife is subjected to detrimental human noise within urban landscapes but little is known about how the intensity of land use changes soundscapes.

Objectives

The objective of this research was to produce quantitative associations between characteristics of ambient soundscapes and land use intensity. These relations were used to examine the 2 kHz demarcation between anthrophony and biophony and compare the impact of different sized contributing areas on ambient soundscape characteristics.

Methods

This study related the surrounding land use intensity of 67 sites in north central Florida (USA) to several metrics describing their recorded soundscapes. Land use intensity was measured remotely at three scales using the landscape development intensity index (LDI).

Results

The analysis revealed that the LDI index had a statistically significant effect on soundscape characteristics after controlling for important factors such as climate, season, and attenuation due to hard ground. The trends between LDI and soundscape confirmed that human generated sounds are loud, continuous, and occupy low frequencies. The evenness of the sound distribution decreased with landscape intensity and LDI correlated significantly with sound below 3 kHz. Land use intensity within a 100 and 500-m radius contributing area were most closely related to soundscape metrics.

Conclusions

LDI is a tool with the potential to predict the extent and intensity of anthropogenic noise disturbance on wildlife from remote sensing data. The utility of this tool allows for widespread application to identify and mitigate conflicts in the acoustic realm between human noise and wildlife.

10aAmbient sound10aAnthrophony10abiophony10aDevelopment intensity10aLDI index10aNoise disturbance10aPower spectral density10aRemote sensing10aSoundscape10aTechnophony1 aDooley, Jenet, M.1 aBrown, Mark, T. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-019-00936-202632nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187260001600256520158000272653003101852653002401883653002301907653001901930653002301949653001501972653001601987653002302003100002202026700002902048700002002077700002302097700002302120700002002143700002002163700002702183700002202210856008602232 2019 eng d a0010-542200aAnthropogenic noise does not surpass land cover in explaining habitat selection of Greater Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido)0 aAnthropogenic noise does not surpass land cover in explaining ha cMay-10-20193 a

Over the last century, increasing human populations and conversion of grassland to agriculture have had severe consequences for numbers of Greater Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido). Understanding Greater Prairie-Chicken response to human disturbance, including the effects of anthropogenic noise and landscape modification, is vital for conserving remaining populations because these disturbances are becoming more common in grassland systems. Here, we evaluate the effect of low-frequency noise emitted from a wind energy facility on habitat selection. We used the Normalized Difference Soundscape Index, a ratio of human-generated and biological acoustic components, to determine the impact of the dominant acoustic characteristics of habitat relative to physical landscape features known to influence within–home range habitat selection. Female Greater Prairie-Chickens avoided wooded areas and row crops but showed no selection or avoidance of wind turbines based on the availability of these features across their home range. Although the acoustic environment near the wind energy facility was dominated by anthropogenic noise, our results show that acoustic habitat selection is not evident for this species. In contrast, our work highlights the need to reduce the presence of trees, which have been historically absent from the region, as well as decrease the conversion of grassland to row-crop agriculture. Our findings suggest physical landscape changes surpass altered acoustic environments in mediating Greater Prairie-Chicken habitat selection.

10aacoustic habitat selection10aanthropogenic noise10aavoidance behavior10aprairie grouse10aresource selection10aSoundscape10awind energy10awoody encroachment1 aRaynor, Edward, J1 aHarrison, Jocelyn, Olney1 aWhalen, Cara, E1 aSmith, Jennifer, A1 aSchacht, Walter, H1 aTyre, Andrew, J1 aBenson, John, F1 aBrown, Mary, Bomberger1 aPowell, Larkin, A uhttps://academic.oup.com/condor/advance-article/doi/10.1093/condor/duz044/558157802838nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001300041245009400054210006900148260001600217300001100233490000800244520191200252653001702164653001602181653002402197653002802221653003202249653001502281100001702296700002702313700001802340700002402358700001902382700001702401700002002418700002102438700002402459856004102483 2019 eng d a1470160X00aAssessing key ecosystem functions through soundscapes: A new perspective from coral reefs0 aAssessing key ecosystem functions through soundscapes A new pers cJan-12-2019 a1056230 v1073 a

The functioning of tropical coral reefs is imperilled by climate change, overfishing, and decreasing water quality. Maintaining their capacity to provide goods and services will critically depend on our ability to monitor their functioning at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. Given the constraints of traditional methods to respond to those needs, the potential of complementary tools such as Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) is emerging. Coral reef soundscapes (i.e. ambient sound) encompass sounds produced by numerous organisms. Soundscape characteristics quantified by ecoacoustic indices have been found to reflect general ecosystem properties, such as diversity and abundance of fishes, and coral cover. The present study tested, on the virtually pristine coral reefs around Europa Island, South-West Indian Ocean, the capacity of acoustic indices to assess key ecosystem functions. Soundscapes were recorded during 2 h, and ecosystem functions were evaluated using video footage of the fish assemblages and underwater photogrammetry of the benthic landscapes. We found significant and strong correlations between six ecoacoustic indices and six key ecosystem functions, including habitat features and fish assemblage characteristics. The six ecoacoustic indices were representative of several combinations of frequency, amplitude and time analysis domains, highlighting the diversity of the functional information conveyed by soundscapes. Our findings reveal that a 2 h daytime recording on a coral reef could provide sufficient acoustic information to characterise major ecosystem functions of a site. This should facilitate the detection of functional disturbances at temporal and spatial scales adapted to the rapidity of upcoming climate changes. Our results also highlight the potential of ecoacoustics to bring novel and relevant insights in the functioning of ecosystems.

10aconservation10aCoral reefs10aEcoacoustic indices10aKey ecosystem functions10apassive acoustic monitoring10aSoundscape1 aElise, Simon1 aUrbina-Barreto, Isabel1 aPinel, Romain1 aMahamadaly, Vincent1 aBureau, Sophie1 aPenin, Lucie1 aAdjeroud, Mehdi1 aKulbicki, Michel1 aBruggemann, Henrich uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/5734501448nas a2200181 4500008004100000245005500041210005500096260005800151490002600209520084100235653002501076653002301101653002901124653001501153100002801168700002901196856004101225 2018 eng d00aIoT Platform for Soundscape Monitoring in Colombia0 aIoT Platform for Soundscape Monitoring in Colombia aCali, ColombiabPontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali0 vMaster on Engineering3 a

Soundscape monitoring is a method used to assess the state of ecosystems. This new approach has advanced with technology. However, it still has many aspects to improve, such as the dif- ficult equipment maintenance, the cumbersome processing of thousands of hours of recording, and the strenuous task of analyzing acoustic information. This project presents the design and implementation of a system based on the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) for the soundscape monitoring, which automates and simplifies the process of capturing acoustic information. The method of harmonic functions is used to reduce the cost of memory and energy in the embedded system. As a result, it was possible to implement a platform that allows to monitor several geo- graphic points simultaneously, with a lower cost than current technologies.

10aBioacoustics indices10aHarmonic functions10aInternet of Things (IoT)10aSoundscape1 aPrada, Luis, Alfredo Qu1 aMuñoz, Jhon, Jairo Vald uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/5342202461nas a2200289 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147260001600216520156100232653002401793653002101817653001401838653002801852653002501880653001701905653001501922653001801937100003001955700002101985700001802006700002202024700001702046700002302063700002502086700001902111856004102130 2018 eng d00aOptimization of sensor deployment for acoustic detection and localization in terrestrial environments0 aOptimization of sensor deployment for acoustic detection and loc cJun-10-20193 a

The rapid evolution in miniaturization, power efficiency and affordability of acoustic sensors, combined with new innovations in smart capability, are vastly expanding opportunities in ground-level monitoring for wildlife conservation at a regional scale using massive sensor grids. Optimal placement of environmen- tal sensors and probabilistic localization of sources have previously been consid- ered only in theory, and not tested for terrestrial acoustic sensors. Conservation applications conventionally model detection as a function of distance. We developed probabilistic algorithms for near-optimal placement of sensors, and for localization of the sound source as a function of spatial variation in sound pressure. We employed a principled-GIS tool for mapping soundscapes to test the methods on a tropical-forest case study using gunshot sensors. On hilly ter- rain, near-optimal placement halved the required number of sensors compared to a square grid. A test deployment of acoustic devices matched the predicted success in detecting gunshots, and traced them to their local area. The methods are applicable to a broad range of target sounds. They require only an empirical estimate of sound-detection probability in response to noise level, and a sound- scape simulated from a topographic habitat map. These methods allow conser- vation biologists to plan cost-effective deployments for measuring target sounds, and to evaluate the impacts of sub-optimal sensor placements imposed by access or cost constraints, or multipurpose uses.

10aacoustic monitoring10aacoustic sensors10aAudioMoth10aBiodiversity monitoring10aecosystem management10aoptimisation10aSoundscape10asubmodularity1 aPiña-Covarrubias, Evelyn1 aHill, Andrew, P.1 aPrince, Peter1 aSnaddon, Jake, L.1 aRogers, Alex1 aDoncaster, Patrick1 aPettorelli, Nathalie1 aGuillard, Jean uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/rse2.9703188nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245011300054210006900167260001600236300001400252490000700266520214000273653002002413653001902433653001002452653002302462653001502485653002402500100003002524700002202554700002802576700002102604700002602625700002602651856023302677 2018 eng d a1470160X00aAssessing biological and environmental effects of a total solar eclipse with passive multimodal technologies0 aAssessing biological and environmental effects of a total solar  cJan-12-2018 a353 - 3690 v953 a

On 21 August 2017, a total solar eclipse crossed the continental United States, providing a unique natural experiment to observe how wildlife and plants respond to rapid and drastic changes in photic conditions using a multi-modal suite of tools. We installed passive time-lapse and infrared cameras, sound recorders, and data loggers in the Central Platte River Valley of Nebraska to study this phenomenon. The eclipse lasted about three hours, and complete obscuration of the sun (totality) lasted for about 2 min and 30 sec. Light values, measured with time-lapse camera systems, decreased 67% on average during totality relative to the daily mean light value. Ambient temperatures decreased by 6.7 °C on average (12% of the daily mean) approximately 11–16 min after totality; concurrently, humidity increased by an average of 12% of the daily mean. We found evidence for altered acoustic activity in response to the eclipse, including site and species-specific changes in the call activities of late season breeding birds and insects in the orders orthoptera and hemiptera. In addition, acoustic indices were differentially correlated with changes in photic and thermal conditions. However, we did not observe changes in flowering plants nor detect bat activity at known night roost and foraging areas. Historically, observations during rare occurrences, such as a total solar eclipse, were anecdotal or limited in scope, and thus, how they changed the light, sound, and meteorological conditions on the landscape were difficult to validate and measure. In comparison, anthropogenic disturbances, including impacts from light pollution and climate change, often take place slowly over long periods, and therefore, can be complex and challenging to assess. Documentation of this stochastic occurrence, with an immediate change in environmental conditions, highlights the utility of passive multimedia technologies to increase our capacity to monitor ecosystem dynamics and chronicle the variations of abiotic properties of a landscape and concomitant responses of organisms with varying sensory abilities.

10aAnimal response10aimage analysis10aLight10aPassive monitoring10aSoundscape10aTotal solar eclipse1 aBuckley, Emma, M. Brinley1 aCaven, Andrew, J.1 aGottesman, Benjamin, L.1 aHarner, Mary, J.1 aPijanowski, Bryan, C.1 aForsberg, Michael, L. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X18305375https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1470160X18305375?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1470160X18305375?httpAccept=text/plain02615nas a2200301 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123260001600192300000900208490000600217520172400223653001501947653001201962653002801974653001002002653002202012653001202034653003202046653002202078653001502100653002102115100001902136700002902155700003002184700002802214700002702242856004402269 2017 eng d00aSpecies Richness (of Insects) Drives the Use of Acoustic Space in the Tropics0 aSpecies Richness of Insects Drives the Use of Acoustic Space in  cJan-11-2017 a10960 v93 a

Acoustic ecology, or ecoacoustics, is a growing field that uses sound as a tool to evaluate animal communities. In this manuscript, we evaluate recordings from eight tropical forest sites that vary in species richness, from a relatively low diversity Caribbean forest to a megadiverse Amazonian forest, with the goal of understanding the relationship between acoustic space use (ASU) and species diversity across different taxonomic groups. For each site, we determined the acoustic morphospecies richness and composition of the biophony, and we used a global biodiversity dataset to estimate the regional richness of birds. Here, we demonstrate how detailed information on activity patterns of the acoustic community (<22 kHz) can easily be visualized and ASU determined by aggregating recordings collected over relatively short periods (4–13 days). We show a strong positive relationship between ASU and regional and acoustic morphospecies richness. Premontane forest sites had the highest ASU and the highest species richness, while dry forest and montane sites had lower ASU and lower species richness. Furthermore, we show that insect richness was the best predictor of variation in total ASU, and that insect richness was proportionally greater at high-diversity sites. In addition, insects used a broad range of frequencies, including high frequencies (>8000 Hz), which contributed to greater ASU. This novel approach for analyzing the presence and acoustic activity of multiple taxonomic groups contributes to our understanding of ecological community dynamics and provides a useful tool for monitoring species in the context of restoration ecology, climate change and conservation biology.

10aamphibians10aARBIMON10aBiodiversity monitoring10abirds10acommunity ecology10ainsects10apassive acoustic monitoring10arapid assessments10aSoundscape10aspecies richness1 aAide, Mitchell1 aHernández-Serna, Andres1 aCampos-Cerqueira, Marconi1 aAcevedo-Charry, Orlando1 aDeichmann, Jessica, L. uhttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/11/109602697nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260001600233520187100249653002502120653001602145653001902161653002002180653001502200653001302215100001902228700002802247700002202275700001602297700001702313700002002330700002602350856005502376 2018 eng d a0921-297300aSoundscapes reveal disturbance impacts: biophonic response to wildfire in the Sonoran Desert Sky Islands0 aSoundscapes reveal disturbance impacts biophonic response to wil cOct-07-20183 a

Context
While remote sensing imagery is effective for quantifying land cover changes across large areas, its utility for directly assessing the response of animals to disturbance is limited. Soundscapes approaches— the recording and analysis of sounds in a landscape— could address this shortcoming.

Objectives
In 2011, a massive wildfire named ‘‘the Horseshoe 2 Burn’’ occurred in the Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona, USA. We evaluated the impact of this wildfire on acoustic activity of animal communities.

Methods
In 2013, soundscape recordings were col- lected over 9 months in 12 burned and 12 non-burned sites in four ecological systems. The seasonal and diel biological acoustic activity were described using the ‘‘Bioacoustic Index’’, a detailed aural analysis of sound sources, and a new tool called ‘‘Sonic Time- lapse Builder’’ (STLB).


Results
Seasonal biophony phenology showed a diurnal peak in June and a nocturnal peak in October in all ecological systems. On June mornings, acoustic activity was lower at burned than at non-burned sites in three of four ecological systems, due to a decreased abundance of cicadas directly impacted by the death of trees. Aural analyses revealed that 55% of recordings from non-burned sites contained insect sounds com- pared to 18% from burned sites. On October nights, orthopteran activity was more prevalent at some burned sites, possibly due to post-fire emergence of herbaceous.

Conclusions
Soundscape approaches can help address long-term conservation issues involving the responses of animal communities to wildfire. Acoustic methods can serve as a valuable complement to remote sensing for disturbance-based landscape management.

10aConservation biology10adisturbance10aRemote sensing10aSonic timelapse10aSoundscape10aWildfire1 aGasc, Amandine1 aGottesman, Benjamin, L.1 aFrancomano, Dante1 aJung, Jinha1 aDurham, Mark1 aMateljak, Jason1 aPijanowski, Bryan, C. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-018-0675-302981nas a2200253 4500008004100000020001800041245009800059210006900157300000800226520217600234653001402410653001802424653003102442653001302473653002402486653002502510653002602535653003802561653001002599653001802609653001502627100001802642856006702660 2018 eng d a978035566050000aImpacts of Ambient Noise on Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Habitat Use and Behavior0 aImpacts of Ambient Noise on Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostra a1713 a

This study examines the soundscape of minke whale habitat in the Scottish Inner Hebrides around the islands of Mull, Coll and Muck and near the Ardnamurchan Peninsula of the Scottish mainland. To compare the soundscape with minke whale presence and behavior, acoustic recordings were paired with behavior and respiration data. Acoustic recordings were taken using a Soundtrap 300, deployed from a whale watching vessel. Data was taken from June - September 2016. The soundscape was analyzed by comparing power spectral density averaged into octave bands (center frequencies from 16 Hz – 128 kHz). The soundscape of the region is ephemeral, with some locations having very different acoustic patterns depending on transient animal and human activity. Humans contribute to the soundscape through movement of small ships and dredging. Notable biological contributors to the soundscape include dolphins and snapping shrimp. Outside the island of Coll is quieter at mid-frequencies (2-8 kHz octave bands). Inside Coll is quieter at frequencies in the 16-128 kHz octave bands. Ardmore point, in the Sound of Mull, is louder for most frequencies. These differences create a potential way for animals to navigate or orient based on sound. Observed minke whale behaviors were categorized into behavior states to create a behavior budget. Minke whales in this area spend 56% of their daytime feeding, 7% traveling and 39% in other activities. The average inter-breath interval for minke whales in this study was 60.7s. Minke presence and behavior were compared with sound levels in 1/3rd octave bands using generalized linear models. Minke whale presence and behavior both correlate with changes in the Soundscape. Minke whales are less likely to be seen with higher levels of low (31 Hz) and high (25.4 kHz) frequency sound. Higher levels of sound at low (63 Hz) frequencies were associated with lower probability of minke whales feeding. Higher probability of minke whales feeding in higher levels of high (25.4 kHz) frequency sound may indicate that minke whales are optimizing that time which is spent in regions with higher levels of noise at these frequencies.

10aacoustics10aambient noise10aBalaenoptera acutorostrata10aBehavior10abiological sciences10aConservation biology10aEnvironmental science10aHealth and environmental sciences10aMinke10aPure sciences10aSoundscape1 aRoland, Adele uhttps://search.proquest.com/docview/2020840628?accountid=15181