02207nas a2200169 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260001600236300001400252490000800266520162100274100002601895700002201921700002401943700001501967856005501982 2018 eng d00aAdvertising individual identity by mother and adolescent contact calls in Siberian wapiti Cervus elaphus sibiricus0 aAdvertising individual identity by mother and adolescent contact cJan-10-2018 a733 - 7420 v1243 a

Individualistic contact calls facilitate mother‐offspring reunion after separation. However, in many mammals, both the acoustic structure and individuality of contact calls differ between mother and young. In contrast, in Siberian wapiti Cervus elaphus sibiricus, contact calls are similar in the acoustics between mother and young, whereas effects of this similarity on vocal individuality were not investigated. In this study, we analyzed acoustic differences between closed‐mouth (nasal) and open‐mouth (oral) contact calls and examined individuality of the most usual oral calls of 19 Siberian wapiti (9 hinds and 10 5–6‐month adolescents) emitted in response to mother‐offspring separation. In the oral calls, the values of frequency and power variables were higher than in the nasal calls. Calls of hinds and adolescents did not differ by the maximum fundamental frequency and duration, whereas the peak frequency was higher in the young. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) based on 11 acoustic variables of oral calls accurately classified to individual 92.5% of hind calls and 96.9% of adolescent calls (chi‐square test for differences between hinds and adolescents, p = 0.19). Variables mainly contributing to vocal identity (duration, start, and maximum fundamental frequency) were the same in calls of mothers and adolescents. We conclude that similarities in the acoustics calls of mothers and adolescents mean that they do not differ in their potential for encoding individual identity, suggesting a mutual process of mother‐offspring vocal recognition in Siberian wapiti.

1 aSibiryakova, Olga, V.1 aVolodin, Ilya, A.1 aVolodina, Elena, V.1 aWright, J. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.2018.124.issue-1002860nas a2200301 4500008004100000245018600041210006900227260001600296300001400312490000800326520181600334653002202150653002702172653002202199653003502221653001402256653001902270100002202289700002602311700001702337700002602354700002702380700002002407700002502427700002802452700002402480856005402504 2017 eng d00aIndividuality of distress and discomfort calls in neonates with bass voices: Wild-living goitred gazelles ( Gazella subgutturosa) and saiga antelopes ( Saiga tatarica)0 aIndividuality of distress and discomfort calls in neonates with  cJan-05-2017 a386 - 3960 v1233 a

Neonate ruminants produce distress calls when captured by a predator and discomfort milk begging calls when hungry. In many neonate ruminants, the distress and discomfort calls are high-frequency vocalizations, in which the fundamental frequency is the key variable for recognition of their emotional arousal by caregivers. In contrast, in this study, we examine the low-frequency open-mouth distress and discomfort calls in the neonates of two species of wild-living ungulates, which clearly highlight vocal tract resonances (formants). In the goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa), the distress calls were higher in fundamental frequency (f0) and in the first and third formants than the discomfort calls. The accuracy of classifying individuals by variables of distress calls with discriminant function analysis (67%) was significantly lower than that of discomfort calls (85%). In the saiga (Saiga tatarica), only the third formant was higher in the distress calls than in the discomfort calls. The accuracy of classifying individuals by variables of distress calls (89%) did not differ significantly from that of discomfort calls (94%). Thus, the use of acoustic cues to vocal identity and to the degree of arousal differs between the two species. Calls were significantly more individualistic in the saiga, probably because this species lives in large herds and neonates use a ‘following’ antipredatory strategy, in which vocal individuality is crucial for mother–offspring communication. In contrast, goitred gazelles live in smaller groups and neonates use a ‘hiding’ antipredatory strategy. Accordingly, mothers can rely on additional environmental cues for spotting their young and this may decrease the necessity for individualization of the calls of neonates.

10aacoustic behavior10aantipredatory strategy10aemotional arousal10amother-offspring communication10aruminants10avocal identity1 aVolodin, Ilya, A.1 aSibiryakova, Olga, V.1 aFrey, Roland1 aEfremova, Kseniya, O.1 aSoldatova, Natalia, V.1 aZuther, Steffen1 aKisebaev, Talgat, B.1 aSalemgareev, Albert, R.1 aVolodina, Elena, V. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.2017.123.issue-5