@article {58395, title = {How Early Do Birds Start Chirping? Dawn Chorus Onset and Peak Times in a Neotropical City}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Urbanisation poses important challenges for animal communication. Avian dawn choruses are a prominent component of urban soundscapes and have received attention in recent urban ecology studies. Current evidence based on comparisons of urban and non-urban sites suggest that urbanisation is associated with earlier dawn chorus singing activity. However, this phenomenon remains mainly unexplored in tropical cities. We here assessed dawn chorus onset and peak times in two contrasting conditions of the urbanisation intensity gradient (i.e., intra-urban and peri-urban forested areas) of a Neotropical city, Xalapa in Mexico, assessing relationships with noise at sunrise and artificial light at night. We found no differences in dawn chorus onset or singing peak times when contrasting intra- and peri-urban areas. However, we found non-significant trends for earlier chorus onsets and peak times with increasing noise levels. Our results show no relationship between artificial light at night and dawn chorus timing, adding evidence to recent studies showing that light pollution does not seem to be determinant in the dawn choruses of tropical birds. Further research is needed to include a wider array of urbanisation conditions and drivers of the singing routines of urban tropical birds.

}, keywords = {behaviour, bioacoustics, bird assemblages, morning singing, peri-urban areas, Urban ecology, urbanisation}, doi = {10.13157/arla.66.2.2019.ra5}, author = {Mar{\'\i}n-G{\'o}mez, Oscar H. and MacGregor-Fors, Ian} } @article {58394, title = {Bioacoustic monitoring of animal vocal behavior for conservation}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The popularity of bioacoustics for threatened species monitoring has surged. Large volumes of acoustic data can be collected autonomously and remotely with minimal human effort. The approach is commonly used to detect cryptic species and, more recently, to estimate abundance or density. However, the potential for conservation- relevant information to be derived from acoustic signatures associated with particular behavior is less well-exploited. Animal vocal behavior can reveal important informa- tion about critical life history events. In this study, we argue that the overlap of the disciplines of bioacoustics, vocal communication, and conservation behavior\—thus, \“acoustic conservation behavior\”\—has much to offer threatened species monitoring. In particular, vocalizations can serve as indicators of behavioral states and contexts that provide insight into populations as it relates to their conservation. We explore the information available from monitoring species\&$\#$39; vocalizations that relate to repro- duction and recruitment, alarm and defense, and social behavior, and how this infor- mation could translate into potential conservation benefits. While there are still challenges to processing acoustic data, we conclude that acoustic conservation behavior may improve threatened species monitoring where vocalizations reveal behaviors that are informative for management and decision-making.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, conservation behavior, monitoring, vocal behavior, vocalizations}, doi = {10.1111/csp2.72}, author = {Teixeira, Daniella and Maron, Martine and Rensburg, Berndt J.} } @article {57997, title = {Variation in Bioacoustic Characteristics in Eleutherodactylus coqui Thomas, 1966 and Eleutherodactylus antillensis (Reinhardt and Lutken, 1863) (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) in the Puerto Rico Bank}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Bioacoustics is an interdisciplinary science that combines biology, acoustics, and mathematics. This discipline can be used to study population ecology and behavior. Furthermore, we can use this tool to assess a population and suggest if a species of interest may be in a transitional state of becoming a new species by allopatric speciation. Amphibians communicate via sound and the environment has a key role in metabolism and sound dispersion. By analyzing temporal and spectral properties of acoustical communication in anurans, we can understand better how these animals are evolving to cope with their ever-changing environment. We studied the variation in acoustic parameters among five populations each of the red-eye coqui, Eleutherodactylus antillensis (Reinhardt and Lutken, 1863) and the common coqui, E. coqui Thomas, 1966 across the Puerto Rico Bank. These species are changing their vocalizations. Some populations have higher sound frequencies than other conspecific populations; other nocturnal species have populations with different temporal patterns of sound production. We found strong variation among the five populations examined for each species. In, E. antillensis, the size of the organism relates to temporal variation in sound production (i.e., inter-note interval and total call duration) and did not relate to spectral differentiation. In E. coqui, the population living at highest elevation above sea level assessed had a spectral footprint no other population shares, probably due to geographic isolation from other conspecific populations that live in lower elevations.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, communication, Eleutherodactylus, Eleutherodactylus antillensis, Eleutherodactylus coqui, microevolution, Puerto Rico, sound spectrogram, speciation}, doi = {10.9784/LEB7(2)Rios.01}, author = {Alejandro R{\'\i}os-Franceschi and Rafael L. Joglar and Richard Thomas} } @article {57972, title = {Modeling active sensing reveals echo detection even in large groups of bats}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Active sensing animals perceive their surroundings by emitting probes of energy and analyzing how the environment modulates these probes. However, the probes of conspecifics can jam active sensing, which should cause problems for groups of active sensing animals. This problem was termed the cocktail party nightmare for echolocating bats: as bats listen for the faint returning echoes of their loud calls, these echoes will be masked by the loud calls of other close-by bats. Despite this problem, many bats echolocate in groups and roost socially. Here, we present a biologically parametrized framework to quantify echo detection in groups. Incorporating properties of echolocation, psychoacoustics, acoustics, and group flight, we quantify how well bats flying in groups can detect each other despite jamming. A focal bat in the center of a group can detect neighbors in group sizes of up to 100 bats. With increasing group size, fewer and only the closest and frontal neighbors are detected. Neighbor detection is improved by longer call intervals, shorter call durations, denser groups, and more variable flight and sonar beam directions. Our results provide a quantification of the sensory input of echolocating bats in collective group flight, such as mating swarms or emergences. Our results further generate predictions on the sensory strategies bats may use to reduce jamming in the cocktail party nightmare. Lastly, we suggest that the spatially limited sensory field of echolocators leads to limited interactions within a group, so that collective behavior is achieved by following only nearest neighbors.

}, keywords = {active sensing, bioacoustics, group behavior, psychoacoustics, sonar interference}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1821722116}, url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1821722116https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1073/pnas.1821722116}, author = {Beleyur, Thejasvi and Goerlitz, Holger R.} } @article {57968, title = {Characteristics of tiger moth (Erebidae: Arctiinae) anti-bat sounds can be predicted from tymbal morphology}, journal = {Frontiers in Zoology}, volume = {16}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-12-2019}, abstract = {

Background: Acoustic signals are used by many animals to transmit information. Variation in the acoustic characteristics of these signals often covaries with morphology and can relay information about an individual\’s fitness, sex, species, and/or other characteristics important for both mating and defense. Tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) use modified cuticular plates called \“tymbal organs\” to produce ultrasonic clicks which can aposematically signal their toxicity, mimic the signals of other species, or, in some cases, disrupt bat echolocation. The morphology of the tymbal organs and the sounds they produce vary greatly between species, but it is unclear how the variation in morphology gives rise to the variation in acoustic characteristics. This is the first study to determine how the morphological features of tymbals can predict the acoustic characteristics of the signals they produce.

Results: We show that the number of striations on the tymbal surface (historically known as \“microtymbals\”) and, to a lesser extent, the ratio of the projected surface area of the tymbal to that of the thorax have a strong, positive correlation with the number of clicks a moth produces per unit time. We also found that some clades have significantly different regression coefficients, and thus the relationship between microtymbals and click rate is also dependent on the shared ancestry of different species.

Conclusions: Our predictive model allows the click rates of moths to be estimated using preserved material (e.g., from museums) in cases where live specimens are unavailable. This has the potential to greatly accelerate our understanding of the distribution of sound production and acoustic anti-bat strategies employed by tiger moths. Such knowledge will generate new insights into the evolutionary history of tiger moth anti-predator defenses on a global scale.

}, keywords = {Anti-predator defense, bioacoustics, Collections-based research, Lepidoptera, Predictive modeling}, doi = {10.1186/s12983-019-0345-6}, url = {https://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12983-019-0345-6}, author = {Dowdy, Nicolas J. and Conner, William E.} } @article {57958, title = {Dataset on audio records of animals from the northeast Andes of Colombia I: The bird sounds of Boyac{\'a} Department}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

This dataset is the first effort to combine the audio biodiversity of a taxonomic group in a selected location, the Boyac\á department in Colombia. We conducted a detailed review of the sound recordings for birds from the Boyac\á department within three repositories, the environmental sound collection of the Humboldt Institute, the Macaulay Library of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, and the xeno-canto platform of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center. We selected recordings that were identified up to species and have the complete metadata information. Using latitude and longitude information, we assigned each recording to one of the three regions and one of the 12 biotic units reported for Boyac\á. We reported a total of 2321 recordings belonging to the Andean region (1892), Orinoquian region (425), and Carare-Lebrija-Nechi-Sinu (4). The sounds of Boyac\á birds have been sampled for approximately three decades, with two peaks of activity in early 2000\’s and 2018. We also included a map with the distribution of biotic units and sound recordings of our dataset. This dataset can be used to extract acoustic traits to test hypotheses of turnover in the acoustic space or traits by species, or to compare acoustic traits between species. It can also allow decision-makers to support biodiversity-based economies such as avitourism.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, bird acoustics, ecoacoustics, sound collection, sounds recordings}, doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2019.104941}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S235234091931296X}, author = {Buitrago-Cardona, Alexandra and Col{\'o}n-Pi{\~n}eiro, Zuania and Borja-Acosta, Kevin G. and Ospina-Larrea, Ana Mar{\'\i}a and Galeano, Sandra P. and Acevedo-Charry, Orlando} } @article {57929, title = {Stronger together: Combining automated classifiers with manual post-validation optimizes the workload vs reliability trade-off of species identification in bat acoustic surveys}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Owing to major technological advances, bioacoustics has become a burgeoning field in ecological research worldwide. Autonomous passive acoustic recorders are becoming widely used to monitor aerial insectivorous bats, and automatic classifiers have emerged to aid researchers in the daunting task of analysing the resulting massive acoustic datasets. However, the scarcity of comprehensive reference call libraries still hampers their wider application in highly diverse tropical assemblages. Capitalizing on a unique acoustic dataset of \>650,000 bat call sequences collected over a 3-year period in the Brazilian Amazon, the aims of this study were (a) to assess how pre-identified recordings of free-flying and hand-released bats could be used to train an automatic classification algorithm (random forest), and (b) to optimize acoustic analysis protocols by combining automatic classification with visual post-validation, whereby we evaluated the proportion of sound files to be post-validated for different thresholds of classification accuracy. Classifiers were trained at species or sonotype (group of species with similar calls) level. Random forest models confirmed the reliability of using calls of both free-flying and hand-released bats to train custom-built automatic classifiers. To achieve a general classification accuracy of ~85\%, random forest had to be trained with at least 500 pulses per species/sonotype. For seven out of 20 sonotypes, the most abundant in our dataset, we obtained high classification accuracy (\>90\%). Adopting a desired accuracy probability threshold of 95\% for the random forest classifier, we found that the percentage of sound files required for manual post-validation could be reduced by up to 75\%, a significant saving in terms of workload. Combining automatic classification with manual ID through fully customizable classifiers implemented in open-source software as demonstrated here shows great potential to help overcome the acknowledged risks and biases associated with the sole reliance on automatic classification.

}, keywords = {Amazon, bioacoustics, Chiroptera, echolocation, Machine-learning algorithms}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoinf.2018.11.004}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1574954118300232}, author = {L{\'o}pez-Baucells, Adri{\`a} and Torrent, Laura and Rocha, Ricardo and Paulo E.D. Bobrowiec and Jorge M. Palmeirim and Christoph F.J. Meyer} } @article {57926, title = {Implementation of Artificial Intelligence for Classification of Frogs in Bioacoustics}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

This research presents the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) for classification of frogs in symmetry of the bioacoustics spectral by using the feedforward neural network approach (FNNA) and support vector machine (SVM). Recently, the symmetry concept has been applied in physics, and in mathematics to help make mathematical models tractable to achieve the best learning performance. Owing to the symmetry of the bioacoustics spectral, feature extraction can be achieved by integrating the techniques of Mel-scale frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) and mentioned machine learning algorithms, such as SVM, neural network, and so on. At the beginning, the raw data information for our experiment is taken from a website which collects many kinds of frog sounds. This in fact saves us collecting the raw data by using a digital signal processing technique. The generally proposed system detects bioacoustic features by using the microphone sensor to record the sounds of different frogs. The data acquisition system uses an embedded controller and a dynamic signal module for making high-accuracy measurements. With regard to bioacoustic features, they are filtered through the MFCC algorithm. As the filtering process is finished, all values from ceptrum signals are collected to form the datasets. For classification and identification of frogs, we adopt the multi-layer FNNA algorithm in machine learning and the results are compared with those obtained by the SVM method at the same time. Additionally, two optimizer functions in neural network include: scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) and gradient descent adaptive learning rate (GDA). Both optimization methods are used to evaluate the classification results from the feature datasets in model training. Also, calculation results from the general central processing unit (CPU) and Nvidia graphics processing unit (GPU) processors are evaluated and discussed. The effectiveness of the experimental system on the filtered feature datasets is classified by using the FNNA and the SVM scheme. The expected experimental results of the identification with respect to different symmetry bioacoustic features of fifteen frogs are obtained and finally distinguished.

}, keywords = {artificial intelligence, bioacoustics, feedforward neural network approach, graphics processing unit, machine learning, support vector machine, symmetry; Mel-scale frequency cepstral coefficient}, doi = {10.3390/sym11121454}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/12/1454}, author = {Kuo-Wei Chao and Nian-ZeHu and Yi-Chu Chao and Chin-KaiSu and Wei-Hang Chiu} } @article {57923, title = {Ability evaluation of a voice activity detection algorithm in bioacoustics: A case study on poultry calls}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Poultry is one of the most strategic source of human foods. There have been seen some hopeful signs of bioacoustics application to monitor the health condition of this vital food source. One of the obstacles is that the bird\’s call is combined with some unvoiced sounds and extracting the calls is not easy, especially when the bird is sick. This research is a report on successful application of some of the features involved in extracting healthy and non-healthy birds\’ calls from their sound signals. One hundred and twenty birds from two genotypes \– Ross and Cobb \– were placed in two groups, a control and those challenged with respiratory diseases. They were reared and their sound was recorded daily. The vocal phrases of the recorded audio signals were extracted using the presented algorithm. Results of analysis showed that an increase in age and onset of illness are two factors that cause an error increase. Detection accuracy was calculated at 95\% for healthy young birds and 72\% for non-healthy birds. A significant part of this error is due to misclassing the calls as non-vocal segments. This meant that 97\% of the activities classified as vocal phrases were, in fact, vocal. These results showed that the idea of such an easy-to-implement algorithm could potentially be employed for the coarselevel segmentation of some animal vocalization signals with reliable outputs, which is an essential and primary step in bioacoustics research.

}, keywords = {Audio features, bioacoustics, Gallus gallus, Health monitoring, Respiratory diseases}, doi = {10.1016/j.compag.2019.105100}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168169918305982}, author = {Mahdavian, Alireza and Minaei, Saeid and Yang, Ce and Almasganj, Farshad and Rahimi, Shaban and Marchetto, Peter M.} } @article {57918, title = {Automatic standardized processing and identification of tropical bat calls using deep learning approaches}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Consistent and comparable metrics to automatically monitor biodiversity across the landscape remain a gold-standard for biodiversity research, yet such approaches have frequently been limited to a very small selection of species for which visual approaches (e.g., camera traps) make continuous monitoring possible. Acoustic-based methods have been widely applied in the monitoring of bats and some other taxa across extended spatial scales, but are have yet to be applied to diverse tropical communities.

In this study, we developed a software program \“Waveman\” and prepared a reference library using over 880 audio-files from 36 Asian bat species. The software incorporated a novel network \“BatNet\” and a re-checking strategy (ReChk) to maximize accuracy. In Waveman, BatNet outperforms three other published networks: CNNFULL, VggNet and ResNet_v2, with over 90\% overall accuracy and 0.94 AUC on the ROC plot. The classification accuracy rates for all 36 species are at least 86\% when analysed in combination. Moreover, our library preparation and ReChk greatly improved the sensitivity and reduced the false positive rate, when tested with 15 species for which more detailed and situationally diverse records were available. Finally, BatNet was successfully used to identify Hipposideros larvatus and Rhinolophus siamensis from three different environments. We hope this pipeline is useful tool to process bioacoustic data accurately, effectively and automatically, therefore allowing for greater standardization and comparability for researchers to understand bat activities across space and time and therefore provide a consistent tool for monitoring biodiversity for management and conservation.

}, keywords = {Algorithms, Automated monitoring, Automatic processing, bats, bioacoustics, Biodiversity metrics, Calls, Deep learning, echolocation, machine learning, Monitoring protocol, Neural network}, doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108269}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320719308961}, author = {Chen, Xing and Zhao, Jun and Chen, Yan-hua and Zhou, Wei and Hughes, Alice C.} } @article {57907, title = {Gaps in terrestrial soundscape research: it{\textquoteright}s time to focus on tropical wildlife}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

There has been a body of research examining the sounds produced in landscapes. These sounds are commonly defined as soundscapes, however, the term is often used in different contexts. To understand how the various meanings attributed to soundscapes, we identified how soundscapes are represented in the scientific literature and identified current knowledge gaps in soundscape research focusing on terrestrial environments. We conducted a quantitative review of published papers with the keyword soundscape available at Web of Science and Scopus databases. A total of 1,309 abstracts and a subset of about 5\% (N=68) complete papers and reviews published from 1985 to 2017 were read and analysed, identifying types of sound, types of environment and focal species studied, as well as study regions and climates. By identifying the current focus of research, we also identified gaps and research opportunities. Research was biased towards temperate regions, terrestrial environments, and the impacts on humans in urban areas. Although most of the world\’s biodiversity is concentrated in tropical wilderness areas, these regions had fewer studies attributed to them. Given the importance of tropical landscapes for biodiversity conservation, we strongly suggest that more research should be undertaken in the tropics, with a particular focus on wildlife in these regions. Furthermore, soundscape research (methods and tools) should increasingly target the anthropogenic impacts on wildlife, including behavioural and physiological changes, alongside the current focus on human-sound interactions and the approach used by bioacoustics methods.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, gap analysis, landscape, Noise, review, sound}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135403}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969719353963}, author = {Marina D. A. Scarpelli and Cezar Ribeiro, Milton and Teixeira, Fernanda Z. and Young, Robert J. and Teixeira, Camila P.} } @article {57662, title = {A New Cryptic Species of the Adenomera andreae Clade from Southwestern Amazonia (Anura, Leptodactylidae)}, journal = {Herpetologica}, volume = {75}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-09-2019}, pages = {233}, abstract = {

We describe a new Amazonian species of Adenomera that corresponds to one of the acoustic signals and morphs from Tambopata National Reserve (Adenomera \‘\‘Forest Call I\’\’) and to a confirmed candidate species (Adenomera sp. E) in the most recently published phylogeny for the genus. The new species is distinguished from all 19 described congeners by its unique advertisement call, consisting of a single multipulsed note, formed by 22\–35 partly fused pulses (greatest pulse number recorded for the genus among species with partly fused notes). The new species is further distinguished from most congeners in having toe tips expanded into small discs. Its distribution is associated with the Amazonian region encompassing western Brazil (state of Acre), southeastern Peru, and north-central Bolivia.

}, keywords = {Amazon rain forest, bioacoustics, biodiversity, integrative taxonomy, Leptodactylinae, Tambopata}, doi = {10.1655/D-18-00049}, url = {https://bioone.org/journals/herpetologica/volume-75/issue-3/D-18-00049/A-New-Cryptic-Species-of-the-Adenomera-andreae-Clade-from/10.1655/D-18-00049.full}, author = {Thiago R. De Carvalho and Angulo, Ariadne and Marcelo N. C. Kokubum and Barrera, Diego A. and De Souza, Mois{\'e}s B. and C{\'e}lio F. B. Haddad and Ariovaldo A. Giaretta} } @article {57659, title = {Taxonomic status of topotypic varieties of Scinax x-signatus species assigned by Spix (1824) for the Brazilian Amazon (Anura, Hylidae, Scinaxinae)}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Scinax x-signatus was originally described by Spix (1824) from \“ProvinciaBahiae\”. The holotype was lost during World War II and a neotype was not designated, thus leading to the synonymy of S. x-signatus to Hyla affinis and Hyla coerulea, both from Amazonas. Herein we present the phenotypic variation of morphological and morphometric characters of populations from states of Bahia and Amazonas. Additionally we provide the bioacoustic variation from state of Bahia. Bioacoustic results show an acoustically cohesive population in Bahia, however morphometric and morphological results show that these populations may not represent the same species. Our combined results show that Bahia populations of S. x-signatus are significantly different from population of Amazonas and a more comprehensive study with molecular data should corroborate that.

}, keywords = {Amazonas, Bahia, bioacoustics, Scinax ruber clade, taxonomy}, url = {http://periodicos.unisanta.br/index.php/ENPG/article/viewFile/2087/1585}, author = {Guilherme R. F. Sichieri and Marcelo Gordo and Ivan Nunes} } @article {57640, title = {Integrative taxonomy reveals first country record of Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii Se{\~n}aris and Ayarzag{\"u}ena 2001, and distribution range extensions for Cochranella nola Harvey 1996, and Rulyrana spiculata Duellman 1976 (Anura: Centrolenidae) in Peru}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4691}, year = {2019}, month = {Apr-11-2019}, pages = {541 - 560}, abstract = {

We used an integrative taxonomy approach to investigate the taxonomic identity of several populations of glassfrogs from Peru, which are notoriously challenging to identify due to their overall similarity in morphology and coloration. We relied on comparisons of morphology, bioacoustics, and partial fragments of 16S rRNA DNA sequences. We report for the first time the presence of Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii in Peru, being this the southernmost locality known for the species. Likewise, we update and extend the distribution ranges of Rulyrana spiculata and Cochranella nola in the Andes of Peru, provide a 16S sequence of a topotype of R. spiculata, and confirm its presence in Bolivia. For all three species, we increase the current knowledge on their geographic distribution and genetic and phenotypic variation.

}, keywords = {16S rRNA, Amphibia, Andes, barcoding, bioacoustics, glassfrog, molecular analysis}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4691.5.7}, author = {CH{\'A}VEZ, GERM{\'A}N and PRADEL, RENZO and Alessandro Catenazzi} } @article {57630, title = {A deafening silence: a lack of data and reproducibility in published bioacoustics research?}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

A study of 100 papers from five journals that make use of bioacoustic recordings shows that only a minority (21\%) deposit any of the recordings in a repository, supplementary materials section or a personal website. This lack of deposition hinders re-use of the raw data by other researchers, prevents the reproduction of a project\&$\#$39;s analyses and confirmation of its findings and impedes progress within the broader bioacoustics community. We make some recommendations for researchers interested in depositing their data.

}, keywords = {acoustic vouchers, bioacoustics, open data, reproducibility, sound libraries}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.7.e36783}, url = {https://bdj.pensoft.net/article/36783/}, author = {Baker, Ed and Vincent, Sarah} } @article {57619, title = {NIPS4Bplus: a richly annotated birdsong audio dataset}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Recent advances in birdsong detection and classification have approached a limit due to the lack of fully annotated recordings. In this paper, we present NIPS4Bplus, the first richly annotated birdsong audio dataset, that is comprised of recordings containing bird vocalisations along with their active species tags plus the temporal annotations acquired for them. Statistical information about the recordings, their species specific tags and their temporal annotations are presented along with example uses. NIPS4Bplus could be used in various ecoacoustic tasks, such as training models for bird population monitoring, species classification, birdsong vocalisation detection and classification.

}, keywords = {audio dataset, Audio signal processing, bioacoustics, Bioinformatics, Bird vocalisations, ecoacoustics, ecosystems, rich annotations}, doi = {10.7717/peerj-cs.223}, url = {https://peerj.com/articles/cs-223}, author = {Morfi, Veronica and Bas, Yves and Pamu{\l}a, Hanna and Glotin, Herv{\'e} and Stowell, Dan} } @article {57613, title = {Effect of noise on behavioural response to simulated territorial intrusion in the Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) (Aves: Tyrannidae)}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The urban environment can act as an ecological filter and impose several negative impacts on bird behaviour. Although some species are well adapted to anthropic habitats, others are sensitive to the effects of human disturbance. Here, we addressed whether noise pollution affects the territorial behaviour of the Great Kiskadee, Pitangus sulphuratus. Here we conducted a field experiment on territorial individuals in urban and rural areas. We presented a model decoy along with the playback of the species\’ song at 10 m from the focal individual to simulate a territory invasion. We used simulated territory intrusions as a method to stimulate bird territorial behaviour and notedthe time birds took to respond to the stimuli in urban and non-urban areas with different noise levels. The results show that response latency had a positive correlation with noise pollution. We conclude that noise pollution can interfere with intraspecific communication, affecting territorial behaviour.

}, keywords = {Anthropic, bioacoustics, Bird, Territorial, Tyrant flycatcher}, doi = {10.1007/s11252-019-00906-1}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11252-019-00906-1}, author = {Lenis, Patricia Roseti and Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer} } @article {57605, title = {Identifying Patterns of Human and Bird Activities Using Bioacoustic Data}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

In general, humans and animals often interact within the same environment at the same time. Human activities may disturb or affect some bird activities. Therefore, it is important to monitor and study the relationships between human and animal activities. This paper proposed a system able not only to automatically classify human and bird activities using bioacoustic data, but also to automatically summarize patterns of events over time. To perform automatic summarization of acoustic events, a frequency\–duration graph (FDG) framework was proposed to summarize the patterns of human and bird activities. This system first performs data pre-processing work on raw bioacoustic data and then applies a support vector machine (SVM) model and a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model to classify human and bird chirping activities before using the FDG framework to summarize results. The SVM model achieved 98\% accuracy on average and the MLP model achieved 98\% accuracy on average across several day-long recordings. Three case studies with real data show that the FDG framework correctly determined the patterns of human and bird activities over time and provided both statistical and graphical insight into the relationships between these two events.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, event classification, human activities, patterns of events}, doi = {10.3390/f10100917}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/10/917https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/10/917/pdf}, author = {Li, Renjie and Garg, Saurabh and Brown, Alexander} } @article {57602, title = {Sounding Soil: An Acoustic, Ecological \& Artistic Investigation of Soil Life}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The interdisciplinary Sounding Soil project explores the soil\’s soundscape and renders experienceable and investigable the activity and diversity of soil life in an artistic-acoustic observatory. The main aim is to increase soil awareness in the general population as well as among decision-makers involved in soil policies and food producers. While moving through or digging the soil matrix, the soil fauna produces noises. Moreover, some animals seem to use the soil as a communication medium, forming a complex soundscape. Land use and agricultural management may have marked effects on the soil soundscape. Thus, the (acoustic) richness of a local soil animal community may serve as an indicator of the functioning of a soil ecosystem. In the scientific module of the Sounding Soil project, we implement and test acoustic indices to assess soil biodiversity and community composition. In the art and citizen science module, several Swiss farmers and subsequently the broader public record the soundscapes of their soils with a low-cost recording device. The result is a sound art installation as a publicly accessible observatory, integrating our scientific findings with recordings by participants in the citizen science module. This article describes the character of soil soundscapes in agricultural land and forests and reports on our research design and first insights into the relations between land use, soil types, biodiversity, and soil soundscapes.

}, keywords = {acoustic ecology, Artistic Research, bioacoustics, ecoacoustics, Soil Ecology}, author = {Marcus Maeder and Martin M. Gossner and Armin Keller and Martin Neukom} } @conference {57584, title = {Statistical parametric synthesis of budgerigar songs}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

In this paper we present the synthesis of budgerigar songs with Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and the HMM-based Speech Synthesis System (HTS). Budgerigars can produce complex and diverse sounds that are difficult to categorize. We adapted tech- niques that are commonly used in the area of speech synthe- sis so that we can use them for the synthesis of budgerigar songs. To segment the recordings, the songs are broken down into phrases, which are sounds separated by silence. Complex phrases furthermore can be subdivided into smaller units and then be clustered to identify recurring elements. These ele- ment categories along with additional contextual information are used together to enhance the training and synthesis. Over- all, the aim of the process is to offer an interface that gener- ates new sequences and compositions of bird songs based on user input, consisting of the desired song structure and contex- tual information. Finally, an objective evaluation comparing the synthesized output to the natural recording is performed, and a subjective evaluation with human listeners shows that they pre- fer resynthesized over natural recordings and that they perceive no significant differences in terms of naturalness between natu- ral, resynthesized, and synthesized versions.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, bird song, HMM- based synthesis, speech synthesis}, author = {Gutscher, Lorenz and Pucher, Michael and Lozo, Carina and Hoeschele, Marisa and Mann, Daniel C} } @article {57427, title = {Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) of Gorongosa National Park and Central Mozambique}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4682}, year = {2019}, month = {Apr-10-2019}, pages = {1 - 119}, abstract = {

A list of 60 species of the Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) recorded from Gorongosa National Park and provinces Sofala and Manica in central Mozambique is provided and their natural history is discussed. Of these, 58 species are illustrated and bioacoustic data are presented for 47 species. Two new genera and 9 new species are described: Gorongosa carri gen. et sp. n., Ovonotus abreuae gen. et sp. n., Afroagraecia muagurai sp. n., Enyaliopsis iaculator sp. n., Eurycorypha parkeri sp. n., Eurycorypha stalmansi sp. n., Eulioptera carolli sp. n., Eulioptera mutembai sp. n., and Parpyrrhicia guytonae sp. n. Four species of Ruspolia are recognized as potentially new and their bioacoustic data are presented. Pseudorhynchus pungens meridionalis Ragge, 1969 is synonymized with Pseudorhynchus pungens pungens (Schaum, 1853); Angustithorax spiniger Massa, 2015 is synonymized with Oxyecous magnus Ragge, 1956; and the synonymy of Lanista africana (Walker, 1870) with Lanista annulicornis (Walker, 1869) is reversed. Two species, G. carri and O. abreuae, appear to be endemic to Mt. Gorongosa and 24 species are recorded for the first time from Mozambique.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, endemism, katydids, Mozambique, new genera, new species, Orthoptera, species list}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4682.110.11646/zootaxa.4682.1.1}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4682.1https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4682.1.1}, author = {Piotr Naskrecki and Guta, Ricardo} } @conference {57418, title = {New aspects in birdsong recognition utilizing the gabor transform}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

In this paper we will be concerned with mathematical methods for birdsong recognition and classification. Current approaches compute the spectrogram of an audio recording using the Gabor transform, which is then used as input for a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify the recording. While recent work is dedicated to finding the best hyperparameters for training the CNN and for data augmentation, the parameters for the Gabor transform and the signal detection methods receive less attention. We aim to close this gap by evaluating the effect of different window lengths on the overall classification accuracy. Additionally we propose a method for denoising signals based on quantiles to account for different signal to noise ratios in the dataset.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Deep learning, Gabor transform}, author = {Sven HEUER and Pavel TAFO and Hajo HOLZMANN and Stephan Dahlke} } @article {57405, title = {A new Myzomela honeyeater (Meliphagidae) from the highlands of Alor Island, Indonesia}, journal = {Journal of Ornithology}, year = {2019}, month = {May-10-2019}, abstract = {

We here describe a new species of Myzomela honeyeater from the Lesser Sunda island of Alor (southeast Indonesia). The new species is phylogenetically most closely related to Myzomela kuehni from the adjacent island of Wetar and most closely resembles that species in plumage. However, it differs in important morphological, bioacoustic and ecological characteristics. The discovery of a new bird species on Alor is of great biogeographic importance and elevates this island to the status of an Endemic Bird Area. The new Alor Myzomela is restricted to montane eucalypt woodland mostly above 900 m elevation and is currently known from few sites across the island. Based on its occurrence records and human population trends in the highlands of Alor Island, we recommend classification under the IUCN threat status endangered.

}, keywords = {Alor, bioacoustics, Ecological characteristics, Honeyeater, Myzomela, Novel species, Plumage, Wetar}, issn = {2193-7192}, doi = {10.1007/s10336-019-01722-2}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10336-019-01722-2}, author = {Irham, Mohammad and Ashari, Hidayat and Suparno and Verbelen, Philippe and Wu, Meng Yue and Rheindt, Frank E.} } @article {57395, title = {Growling from the gut: co-option of the gastric mill for acoustic communication in ghost crabs}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Animal acoustic communication systems can be built upon co-opted structures that become specialized for sound production or morphological novelties. The ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata, evolved a novel stridulation apparatus on the claws that is used during agonistic interactions, but they also produce a rasping sound without their claw apparatus. We investigated the nature of these sounds and show that O. quadrata adopted a unique and redundant mode of sound production by co-opting the gastric mill (grinding teeth of the foregut). Acoustic characteristics of the sound are consistent with stridulation and are produced by both male and female crabs during aggressive interactions. Laser Doppler vibrometry localized the source of maximum vibration to the gastric region and fluoroscopy showed movement of the gastric mill that coincided with stridulation. The lateral teeth of the gastric mill possess a series of comb-like structures that rub against the median tooth to produce stridulation with dominant frequencies below 2 kHz. This previously undescribed gastric stridulation can be modulated and provide a means of assessment during aggressive interactions, similar to the use of the claw stridulation apparatus. This functional redundancy of stridulation in crabs offers unique insights into the mechanisms of evolution of acoustic communication systems.

}, keywords = {animal behaviour, bioacoustics, Crustacea, functional morphology, Ocypode}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.1161}, url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1161https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2019.1161}, author = {Taylor, Jennifer R. A. and deVries, Maya S. and Elias, Damian O.} } @article {57375, title = {Bioacoustics review of Anatolian species of the predatory bush-cricket genus Saga (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Saginae) with the description of a new species}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The genus Saga is a genus of generally large predatory bush-cricket species. It includes 13 taxa in the Palaearctic region. In this research, eight species belonging to Saga (Tettigoniidae, Saginae) were sampled during field studies in different regions of Anatolia of Turkey between 2010 and 2018 (except one specimen). The bioacoustic parameters of these species recorded during the field or in laboratory conditions and the male calling song descriptions, as well as the oscillographic illustrations and distribution maps are given. A new population of Saga found from the South-Eastern Taurus (Hakkari province), which is affiliated to a new species and shows similarity to S. ephippigera, along with the morphological and bioacoustical descriptions of Saga hakkarica sp. n. {\c S}irin \& Taylan from Turkey, are also given. The relationships between the new species and the closest taxa are discussed using morphological and bioacoustical characters. The structural investigations of the male calling songs reveal three different bioacoustic groups affiliated to eight Anatolian Saga species; as (i) Ephippigera group (S. syriaca + (S. ephippigera + Saga hakkarica), (ii) Natoliae group (S. natoliae + (S. beieri + (S. longicaudata + S. puella) and (iii) S. cappadocica.

}, keywords = {Anatolia, bioacoustics, Orthoptera, Saga, Saga hakkarica sp.nov., Tettigonidae}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4664.1.3}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4664.1}, author = {{\c S}{\.I}R{\.I}N, DEN{\.I}Z and TAYLAN, MEHMET SA{\.I}T and Mol, Abbas} } @book {57373, title = {Deep Representation Learning for Orca Call Type Classification}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Marine mammals produce a wide variety of vocalizations. There is a growing need for robust automatic classification methods especially in noisy underwater environments in order to access large amounts of bioacoustic signals and to replace tedious and error prone human perceptual classification. In case of the northern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca), echolocation clicks, whistles, and pulsed calls make up its vocal repertoire. Pulsed calls are the most intensively studied type of vocalization. In this study we propose a hybrid call type classification approach outperforming our previous work on supervised call type classification consisting of two components: (1) deep representation learning of killer whale sounds by investigating various autoencoder architectures and data corpora and (2) subsequent supervised training of a ResNet18 call type classifier on a much smaller dataset by using the pre-trained representations. The best semi-supervised trained classification model achieved a test accuracy of 96\% and a mean test accuracy of 94\% outperforming our previous work by 7\% points.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, call type, classification, Deep learning, Killer whale, Orca, Representation learning}, isbn = {978-3-030-27946-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-27947-910.1007/978-3-030-27947-9_23}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-27947-9}, author = {Bergler, Christian and Schmitt, Manuel and Cheng, Rachael Xi and Schr{\"o}ter, Hendrik and Maier, Andreas and Barth, Volker and Weber, Michael and N{\"o}th, Elmar}, editor = {Ek{\v s}tein, Kamil} } @article {57370, title = {A new striped species of Dendropsophus (Anura: Hylidae) with a composite advertisement call and comments on the D. rubicundulus group}, journal = {Vertebrate Zoology}, volume = {69}, year = {2019}, pages = {227{\textendash}246}, chapter = {227}, abstract = {

Herein we describe Dendropsophus rozenmani sp. nov. based on morphological, bioacoustic, and molecular data. This new species is distinguished from other species of Dendropsophus by its small size (SVL 18.7\–21.1 mm in adult males and 19.6\–23.2 mm in females); in life, dorsal ground coloration brown, with two anterior parallel and straight, dark brown stripes and a middorsal sacral stripe; and lateral limits of dorsal coloration above tympanum. In addition, the new species differs from all other species of the D. rubicundulus group (along with D. anataliasiasi) by having a composite advertisement call, i.e., a series of calls consisting of two call types. In a phylogenetic tree based on 494 bp of the 16S mitochondrial gene, four species of Dendropsophus, D. cruzi, D. juliani, and D. sanborni and one candidate species, D. juliani A, are positioned within the rubicundulus species group which poses questions on the monophyly of this group as well as its morphological definition. The occurrence of both single and composite calls in the D. rubicundulus group suggests future studies on the call evolution in that group as well as the whole genus.

}, keywords = {advertisement call, Amphibia, bioacoustics, Cerrado, Chiquitan{\'\i}a, Dendropsophus tritaeniatus, species delimitation, taxonomy}, issn = {1864-5755}, doi = {10.26049/VZ69-3-2019-01}, author = {Martin Jansen and Diego Jos{\'e} Santana and Bernardo Franco da Veiga Teixeira and Gunther K{\"o}hler} } @article {57364, title = {Sound production mechanism in the Brazilian spiny lobsters (Family Palinuridae)}, journal = {Zoomorphology}, year = {2019}, month = {Apr-08-2021}, abstract = {

Strident lobsters of the Palinuridae family emit sounds in the presence of predators that can be used in the acoustic monitoring of such species. This study aims to identify sound emission and describe the structures of sound mechanism in red (Panulirus meripurpuratus) and green (Panulirus laevicauda) Brazilian spiny lobsters. The lobsters were collected in the environment, and recordings were performed in laboratory tanks with submerged hydrophones. The animals were stimulated to emit sound by the presence of an artificial octopus in the tank. The sounds emitted by the lobsters were analyzed by means of the waveform, and the structures involved (plectrum and file) were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both species emitted a rasp sound composed of several pulses, with a rate varying from 125 to 265 pulses per second. The SEM showed that the file is similar between the species and it is covered by microscopic plates (shingles) measuring between 12.6 and 12.9 \μm of medial\–lateral width and 6.2 \μm and 7.1 \μm of anteroposterior length. This analysis also revealed for the first time the presence of pores (\<\ 1 \μm in diameter) with vestiges of cuticular setae in-between the shingles, which could be involved in the mechanosensory control of sound production in lobsters. The results of this study corroborate the morphological pattern of sound emission structure described for other lobsters of the genus Panulirus.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Panulirus, Rasp, stridulation}, issn = {0720-213X}, doi = {10.1007/s00435-019-00461-5}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00435-019-00461-5}, author = {Hamilton, Santiago and Silva, Jos{\'e} Filipe and Pereira-Neves, Antonio and Travassos, Paulo and Peixoto, Silvio} } @article {57336, title = {Temporally adaptive acoustic sampling to maximize detection across a suite of focal wildlife species}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, year = {2019}, month = {Oct-08-2020}, abstract = {

1. Acoustic recordings of the environment can produce species presence\–absence data for characterizing populations of sound-producing wildlife over multiple spatial scales. If a species is present at a site but does not vocalize during a scheduled audio recording survey, researchers may incorrectly conclude that the species is absent (\“false negative\”). The risk of false negatives is compounded when audio devices have sampling constraints, do not record continuously, and must be manually scheduled to operate at pre-selected times of day, particularly when research programs target multiple species with acoustic availability that varies across temporal conditions.

2. We developed a temporally adaptive acoustic sampling algorithm to maximize de- tection probabilities for a suite of focal species amid sampling constraints. The algorithm combines user-supplied species vocalization models with site-specific weather forecasts to set an optimized sampling schedule for the following day. To test our algorithm, we simulated hourly vocalization probabilities for a suite of focal species in a hypothetical monitoring area for the year 2016. We conducted a factorial experiment that sampled from the 2016 acoustic environment to com- pare the probability of acoustic detection by a fixed (stationary) schedule versus a temporally adaptive optimized schedule under several sampling efforts and moni- toring durations.

3. We found that over the course of a study season, the probability of acoustically capturing a focal species (given presence) at least once via automated acous- tic monitoring was greater (and acoustic capture occurred earlier in the season) when using the temporally adaptive optimized schedule as compared to a fixed schedule.

4. The advantages of a temporally adaptive optimized acoustic sampling schedule are magnified when a study duration is short, sampling effort is low, and/or spe- cies acoustic availability is minimal. This methodology presents the opportunity to maximize acoustic monitoring sampling efforts amid constraints.

}, keywords = {adaptive sampling, automated acoustic monitoring, bioacoustics, detection probability, occupancy, optimization, wildlife}, issn = {2045-7758}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5579}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ece3.5579https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.5579https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.5579https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ece3.5579}, author = {Balantic, Cathleen and Donovan, Therese} } @article {53525, title = {A new species of Landrevinae (Orthoptera) from the Philippines, with notes on Endodrelanva and Endolandrevus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Gryllinae; Landrevini)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4544}, year = {2019}, month = {Nov-01-2019}, pages = {285}, abstract = {

Owing to the cryptic behavior and morphology of many Southeast Asian Landrevinae, new species are still being discovered in unexplored parts of the region. Here, we describe a new species: Endodrelanva siargaoensis sp. nov. We also recorded and describe the calling song of the new species. Owing to the morphological similarities between species of Endodrelanva Gorochov, 2000 and Endolandrevus Saussure, 1877, we also provide a short review of the two genera and list their characters for comparison.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Biogeography, Grylloidea, Orthoptera, Southeast Asia, taxonomy}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4544.210.11646/zootaxa.4544.2.8}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4544.2https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4544.2.8}, author = {TAN, MING KAI and GOROCHOV, ANDREJ V. and Jessica B. Baroga-Barbecho and YAP, SHERYL A.} } @article {53518, title = {An Application of Autonomous Recorders for Gibbon Monitoring}, journal = {International Journal of Primatology}, year = {2019}, month = {Oct-01-2019}, abstract = {

Population monitoring is very important in wildlife management and conservation. All 18 species of gibbons are considered threatened with extinction and listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Thus, understanding and effectively monitoring their population trends and distribution are critical. Thus far, all gibbon surveying and monitoring programs have been conducted by human surveyors; this is expensive, laborious, and dependent on the surveyors\’ skills. In particular, estimating group density often requires a large sample size with several skilled observers working simultaneously in the field. We used autonomous recorders to record the calls of southern yellow-cheeked crested gibbon (Nomascus gabbrielae) for at least 3 days at each of 57 posts in Nam Cat Tien sector, Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam from July to October, 2016. We extracted gibbon calls from the recordings auditorily or visually using spectrograms in RAVEN software. We detected gibbon calls at 40 recording posts during the survey. The proportion of recorders with gibbon calls in the eastern region of Nam Cat Tien sector (mean\ =\ 0.79; SE\ =\ 0.13) was higher than that in the western region (mean\ =\ 0.46; SE\ =\ 0.11). The estimated probability of occurrence in the eastern region (\ψ\ =\ 0.56; SE\ =\ 0.20) was higher than that in the western region (\ψ\ =\ 0.23; SE\ =\ 0.16). Passive acoustic data were useful to investigate spatial variation in the probability of occurrence of gibbon. We recommend using autonomous recorders combined with occupancy model to complement human surveyors in gibbon monitoring in areas with low gibbon density because it is efficient, low cost, and not subject to errors caused by human surveyors. In the areas of high gibbon density, absolute density estimate achieved by human surveyors might be a more suitable indicator.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Gibbon, Nomascu, primate, s Occupancy model, Song meter}, issn = {0164-0291}, doi = {10.1007/s10764-018-0073-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10764-018-0073-3}, author = {Vu, Thinh Tien and Tran, Long Manh} } @article {53505, title = {Filling knowledge gaps about the {\textquoteleft}Data Deficient{\textquoteright} species Zachaenus carvalhoi Izecksohn, 1983 (Anura, Cycloramphidae): an endemic frog from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil}, journal = {Herpetology Notes}, volume = {12}, year = {2019}, pages = {113-204}, chapter = {113}, abstract = {

Zachaenus carvalhoi is an endemic frog from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. It is considered a rare species, being currently classified as \‘Data Deficient\’ by the IUCN due to the shortage of information about its natural history, ecological requirements, distribution and population trends. In the present study, we aim to fill gaps in the current knowledge of this species by: updating its altitudinal distribution range; describing its release call; providing new natural history data; and describing its karyotype. During fieldwork in the Municipality of Cataguases, Minas Gerais State, we recorded individuals of Z. carvalhoi in three small forest fragments, one of them at only 230 m a.s.l., which now represents the lowest known altitudinal record for this species. In all occasions, we only recorded this frog in calling activity during rainy days, suggesting an opportunistic breeding strategy. Moreover, the karyotype of Z. carvalhoi (2n = 26) is similar to those of other species of the family Cycloramphidae, but it differs remarkably in morphology and fundamental number. The advertisement call presented differences in the spectral structure in comparison to descriptions from other populations. In conclusion, Z. carvalhoi seems to be an explosive breeder occurring along a wide altitudinal range (low- and highland Atlantic Forest), and physical barriers such as mountain chains may not be a constraint to its dispersal. Furthermore, this species represents a promising subject for investigations over both bioacoustics and cytogenetic studies.

}, keywords = {Altitudinal distribution, bioacoustics, karyotype, natural history}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/hn/article/view/40533}, author = {Guedes, Jhonny Jos{\'e} Magalh{\~a}es and de Assis, Clodoaldo L and Novaes, Camila Moura and Dergam, Jorge Abdala and Feio, Renato Neves} } @article {53301, title = {Recreational boat traffic effects on fish assemblages: First evidence of detrimental consequences at regulated mooring zones in sensitive marine areas detected by passive acoustics}, journal = {Ocean \& Coastal Management}, volume = {168}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-02-2019}, pages = {22 - 34}, abstract = {

We assess the impact of recreational boat traffic on sensitive habitats in the Western Mediterranean using passive acoustics. We compared underwater sounds in three regulated mooring locations vs a pristine location; and temporal differences in the pristine location vs the nearest mooring between high and low touristic seasons. We measured the number of pulses/minute, fish pulse patterns, and percentage of boat noise occurrence and its relative average power level. At the pristine location, the call rates and their complexity were significantly higher and the motorboat noise was significantly lower. The temporal trend of biophonic sounds decreased significantly in the pristine location. In contrast, in the mooring sites, the motorboat noise decreased significantly and the fish calls remained at low levels in both seasons. In conclusion, motorboat noise negatively affects the complexity of the fish assemblages but could be conditioned to their historic uses.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Croaker, Drummer, Fish assemblage, Mooring, Motorboat noise, passive acoustics}, issn = {09645691}, doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.10.027}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964569118301972https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0964569118301972?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0964569118301972?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Gonz{\'a}lez Correa, Jos{\'e} Miguel and Bayle Sempere, Just-Tom{\'a}s and Juanes, Francis and Rodney A. Rountree and Ru{\'\i}z, Juan Francisco and Ramis, Jaime} }