02569nas a2200241 4500008004100000022002500041245013000066210006900196260001600265520177700281100001902058700002402077700002102101700001902122700001602141700001402157700002202171700001902193700002002212700003002232700002402262856004102286 2022 eng d a0023-852X, 1531-499500aAcoustic Screening of the “Wet voice”: Proof of Concept in an ex vivo Canine Laryngeal Model0 aAcoustic Screening of the Wet voice Proof of Concept in an iex v cDec-19-20223 a

Background
Current protocols for bedside swallow evaluation have high rates of false negative results. Though experts are not consistently able to screen for aspiration risk by assessing vocal quality, there is emerging evidence that vocal acoustic parameters are significantly different in patients at risk of aspiration. Herein, we aimed to determine whether the presence of material on the vocal folds in an excised canine laryngeal model may have an impact on acoustic and aerodynamic measures.

Methods
Two ex vivo canine larynges were tested. Three liquids of different viscosities (1:100 diluted glycerin, pure glycerin, and honey-thick Varibar) were placed on the vocal folds at a constant volume. Acoustic and aerodynamic measures were obtained in both adducted and abducted vocal fold configurations. Intraglottal high-speed imaging was used to approximate the maximum divergence angle of the larynges in the studied conditions and examine its relationship to vocal efficiency (VE) and acoustic measures.

Results
In glottic insufficiency conditions only, we found that several acoustic parameters could predict the presence of material on the vocal folds. Based on the combination of the aerodynamic and acoustic data, we found that decreased spectral energy in the higher harmonics was associated with decreased VE in the presence of material on the vocal folds and/or glottic insufficiency.

Conclusion
Decreased spectral energy in the higher harmonics of the voice was found to be a potential biomarker of swallowing dysfunction, as it correlates with decreased vocal efficiency due to material on the vocal folds and/or glottic insufficiency, both of which are known risk factors for aspiration.

1 aRameau, Anaïs1 aAndreadis, Katerina1 aGanesan, Vinayak1 aLachs, Mark, S1 aRosen, Tony1 aWang, Fei1 aMaddox, Alexandra1 aKlinck, Holger1 aKhosla, Sid, M.1 ade Luzan, Charles, Farbos1 aMadhusudhana, Shyam uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.3052502363nas a2200205 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152520173000221653001201951653001601963653001501979653001401994653001602008653001502024653001202039100002202051700002602073700001702099856004102116 2019 eng d00aSeparation-related behaviour indicates the effect of functional breed selection in dogs (Canis familiaris)0 aSeparationrelated behaviour indicates the effect of functional b3 a

The domestication of dogs resulted in several fundamental behavioural changes as compared to their closest wild living relative, the wolf. While these characteristics are considered to be fairly robust across dogs, dog breeds themselves manifest apparently strong behavioural differences. Thus far the functional roots of breed-specific behaviours are still less understood and supported by empirical research. We hypothesized that historical selection for the level of working interaction intimacy with their handlers, may have resulted in the fundamental differences between the main working dog types and their behavioural reactions when separated from their owner. In our study, dogs from breeds that were originally selected for either cooperative or independent work tasks, were tested in a short outdoor separation test. We included dogs with and without owner-reported separation-related disorder (SRD) to both groups. We found that SRD-status and the breed type were in significant association with various stress related behaviours during separation from the owner. Dogs from cooperative working breeds with SRD barked more frequently, meanwhile barking was less prevalent in independent breeds and also in cooperative breeds without owner-reported SRD symptoms. General movement (showing the dogs’ intention to follow or find the disappearing, then absent owner) was uniformly strongest in cooperative dogs with SRD. Whining appeared most frequently in dogs with SRD, regardless to the breed type. These are the first results that support a functional evolutionary framework behind the association of particular dog breeds with the extent of their stressful reactions to separation from their owner.

10aBarking10acooperation10aDog breeds10aevolution10aFrustration10aSeparation10aWhining1 aPongrácz, Péter1 aGómez, Sara, Alvarez1 aLenkei, Rita uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/5741702169nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260001600228300001100244490000600255520132100261653002501582653001501607653001101622653001501633653002301648653001501671100002701686700002401713700002801737700002501765856012501790 2019 eng d a2054-570300aPawsitively sad: pet-owners are more sensitive to negative emotion in animal distress vocalizations0 aPawsitively sad petowners are more sensitive to negative emotion cJun-08-2021 a1815550 v63 a

Pets have numerous, effective methods to communicate with their human hosts. Perhaps most conspicuous of these are distress vocalizations: in cats, the ‘miaow’ and in dogs, the ‘whine’ or ‘whimper’. We compared a sample of young adults who owned cats and or dogs (‘pet-owners’ n = 264) and who did not (n=297) on their ratings of the valence of animal distress vocalizations, taken from a standardized database of sounds. We also examined these participants’ self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression, and their scores on a measure of interpersonal relationship functioning. Pet-owners rated the animal distress vocalizations as sadder than adults who did not own a pet. Cat-owners specifically gave the most negative ratings of cat miaows compared with other participants, but were no different in their ratings of other sounds. Dog sounds were rated more negatively overall, in fact as negatively as human baby cries. Pet-owning adults (cat only, dog only, both) were not significantly different from adults with no pets on symptoms of depression, anxiety or on self- reported interpersonal relationship functioning. We suggest that pet ownership is associated with greater sensitivity to negative emotion in cat and dog distress vocalizations.

10aanimal vocalizations10acat miaows10acrying10adog whines10aemotion perception10apet-owners1 aParsons, Christine, E.1 aLeBeau, Richard, T.1 aKringelbach, Morten, L.1 aYoung, Katherine, S. uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.181555https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.18155501858nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012500041210006900166300001200235490000700247520120800254653001301462653001701475653002501492653001201517653001601529100002401545700002101569700002101590856004101611 2018 eng d00aSeasonal Differences in Howling Response of Golden Jackals Canis aureus L., 1758 (Mammalia: Canidae) in Eastern Bulgaria0 aSeasonal Differences in Howling Response of Golden Jackals Canis a539-5450 v173 a

The howling in golden jackals has a complex structure and is mostly used for territorial interactions. Due to the recent expansion of the golden jackal in Europe and the well-known fact that jackals respond to a playback howl, the bioacoustic stimulation has become an important method for data collection related to the jackal population density. This article describes changes in golden jackal response to a pre-recorded howl on a monthly basis throughout a monitoring period of one year. The study area was set in Eastern Bulgaria, in regions with already known high jackal population density. Data were collected from two transects located in different areas (Northeast and Southeast Bulgaria). The highest number of answers to the broadcasted howls was detected during June and July in Southeast Bulgaria and during July and August in Northeast Bulgaria. During these peaks, group-answers were registered mainly and the single individual-answers were very few or lacking. Based on jackal’s ecology and biology, the results suggest that the howling response corresponds more to interactions between territorial groups rather than to com- munication signals during the breading season.

10aBulgaria10aCanis aureus10agolden jackal survey10ahowling10aseasonality1 aAcosta-Pankov, Ilya1 aSpassov, Nikolai1 aBanea, Ovidiu, C uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/5352001876nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245008800054210006900142260001600211520104000227653001401267653002601281653001901307653001801326653002001344653001701364100002001381700003601401856023301437 2018 eng d a0376635700aEvidence of individual discrimination in the maned wolf long-distance extended-bark0 aEvidence of individual discrimination in the maned wolf longdist cJan-12-20183 a

The acoustic channel is an efficient long-distance signalling system that may be especially effective for animals moving in the dark in a vast home range. The maned wolf’s extended-bark is a long-range vocalization that functions as a mechanism to increase spatial distance among conspecifics as well as to enable pair-mate reunion. Individual variations in this vocalization have been reported, but the possibility that they can be perceived and used by the species has never been tested. In our study, we used ABAB playback experiments to test if captive maned wolves could perceive individual variations. We ran 19 playback sessions with ten different subjects from six different zoos. After discarding nine sessions that did not fulfil minimal experimental conditions, in all except two of the ten valid trials, the subjects responded with displaying Oriented Attention. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that the maned wolf is capable of discriminating among extended-barks of different individuals.

10aacoustics10aChrysocyon brachyurus10adiscrimination10aindividuality10apsychoacoustics10avocalization1 aFlora, Balieiro1 aPatrícia, Ferreira, Monticelli uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0376635718301906https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0376635718301906?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0376635718301906?httpAccept=text/plain02068nas a2200193 4500008004100000245011100041210007300152260001000225520137100235653001601606653003501622653001701657653003001674653002801704100002001732700002501752700003501777856006201812 2018 eng d00aPré-processamento de sinais acústicos para análise e caracterização de vocalizações de lobos-guará0 aPréprocessamento de sinais acústicos para análise e caracterizaç bGaloa3 a

The possibility of automatic species identification through their communication acoustic signals opens new possibilities for the study of behavior and the preservation of biodiversity. Although commercially available, automated analysis tools still lack success in terms of outcome and accuracy. The success of an automated method requires the validation of a process sequencing strategy aiming at the determination of vocal acoustic parameters in the middle of a complex soundscape. A challenge in this regard lies in the extraction of noise from field recordings, which sometimes makes difficult the correct interpretation of acoustic parameters. In this study, we explore a combination of signal pre-processing steps to extract the noise of recordings of roar bark vocalizations of maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in recordings made by a digital recorder sampled at 44.1 kHz with 16-bit resolution, using processing tools of the software Audiosculpt 3.2.7 by IRCAM. The procedure involved a sequence of steps: selection of the best audios and file segmentation; loudness normalization; identification and removal of noise zones. The results include processing over 10 hours of field recording with the production of a body of more than 131 vocalizations, under conditions suitable for the individual characterization analysis that will be done next.

10aAudiosculpt10aautomatic individual detection10abioacoustics10abiodiversity conservation10asound signal processing1 aFerreira, Bruna1 aFaria, Régis, Rossi1 aMonticelli, Patricia, Ferreira uhttps://proceedings.science/proceedings/113/_papers/8715902270nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245006800054210006600122260001600188300001200204490000800216520157400224100002301798700002401821700002201845856023301867 2018 eng d a0003347200aWolf howls encode both sender- and context-specific information0 aWolf howls encode both sender and contextspecific information cJan-11-2018 a59 - 660 v1453 a

Loud, long-distance calls serve varied functions across animal species including marking territory, attracting mates and signalling one's identity. Here, we examined the types of sender- and context-specific information encoded in the howls of captive timber wolves, Canis lupus. We analysed 913 howls from nine individuals across three packs and investigated whether howl structure varied consistently as a function of phenotypic factors (age class, sex, pack and identity of the caller) in addition to the context in which the call was produced: specifically, whether the call was produced in a ‘spontaneous’ context just after sunrise or was ‘elicited’ by the absence of a group member. Calls were correctly classified by individual identity and production context, but not by any other factors. Principal components analyses indicated that individual differences were primarily associated with frequency-based measures, whereas acoustic variation between production contexts was associated with a variety of frequency-, intensity- and energy-based measures. Recognition of individual differences in vocalizations is likely to be important for navigating social relationships in wolves and further work is required to determine which life history factors may shape these individual differences. Differences resulting from production context are suggestive that these howl variants may serve different functions. The extent to which these individual and contextual differences are understood by receivers remains an open question.

1 aWatson, Stuart, K.1 aTownsend, Simon, W.1 aRange, Friederike uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218302756https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302756?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302756?httpAccept=text/plain