@article {58409,
	title = {Morphological Evidence for the Sensitivity of the Ear Canal of Odontocetes as shown by Immunohistochemistry and Transmission Electron Microscopy},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {<p>Tthe function of the external ear canal in cetaceans is still under debate and its morphology is largely\&nbsp;unknown. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses using antibodies specific for nervous tissue (anti-S100, anti-NSE, anti-NF, and anti-PGP 9.5), together with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and various histological techniques, were carried out to investigate the peripheral nervous system of the ear canals of several species of toothed whales and terrestrial cetartiodactyla. this study highlights the innervation of the ear canal with the presence of lamellar corpuscles over its entire course, and their absence in all studied terrestrial mammals. Each corpuscle consisted of a central axon, surrounded\&nbsp;by lamellae of Schwann receptor cells, surrounded by a thin cellular layer, as shown by IHC and TEM. These findings indicate that the corpuscles are mechanoreceptors that resemble the inner core of Pacinian corpuscles without capsule or outer core, and were labelled as simple lamellar corpuscles. They form part of a sensory system that may represent a unique phylogenetic feature of cetaceans, and an evolutionary adaptation to life in the marine environment. Although the exact function of the ear canal is not fully clear, we provide essential knowledge and a preliminary hypothetical deviation on its function as a unique sensory organ.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-61170-4},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61170-4},
	author = {De Vreese, Steffen and Andr{\'e}, Michel and Cozzi, Bruno and Centelleghe, Cinzia and van der Schaar, Mike and Mazzariol, Sandro}
}
@article {53028,
	title = {First record of humpback whale songs in Southern Chile: Analysis of seasonal and diel variation},
	journal = {Marine Mammal Science},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-07-2018},
	pages = {718 - 733},
	abstract = {<p>Although humpback whales have been well-studied on their Hawaiian breeding grounds, it is difficult to track individual animals over long distances without tags, particularly when they move offshore. Here, singing humpback whales were localized in three dimensions on the Pacific Missile Range Facility off Kauai, Hawaii, located between 20 km and 80 km offshore, from January 2011 through June 2014. Detailed behavioral analyses were conducted on the resulting tracks. One hundred and eight individual tracks were identified and metrics of these tracks were examined. Using these metrics, the tracks were classified into four behavior categories, described herein as Directed Travel, Repeated Stationary Dives, Mill, and tracks with Combinations of behavioral states. Some diel and seasonal patterns were identified, with Mill tracks occurring more at night than the other behaviors, Repeated Stationary Dive tracks occurring more during the day, and Directed Travel occurring only at the start and end of the breeding season. These results provide detailed insights into the movement of singing humpback whales, particularly in offshore waters where they may be migrating into or out of breeding grounds. This also contributes valuable information on the baseline behavior of humpback whales on a US Navy training range.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1111/mms.v34.310.1111/mms.12477},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mms.v34.3},
	author = {Espa{\~n}ol-Jim{\'e}nez, Sonia and van der Schaar, Mike}
}
