@article {58315, title = {Socotracris kleukersi n. gen. n. sp., a new troglobitic cricket from Socotra (Yemen) (Orthoptera: Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae)}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

The cricket Socotracris kleukersi n. gen., n. sp., collected in a cave at Wadi Zerik, Diksam Plateau, Socotra, Yemen is described. The genus and species are characterized by male and female genitalia and external morphology.

}, keywords = {Cave life, Indian Ocean, new species}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3252.110.11646/zootaxa.3252.1.3}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3252.1https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3252.1.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/48838/42297}, author = {Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure and Felix, Rob P. W. H.} } @article {58027, title = {Diversity of acoustic tracheal system and its role for directional hearing in crickets}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

Background: Sound localization in small insects can be a challenging task due to physical constraints in deriving sufficiently large interaural intensity differences (IIDs) between both ears. In crickets, sound source localization is achieved by a complex type of pressure difference receiver consisting of four potential sound inputs. Sound acts on the external side of two tympana but additionally reaches the internal tympanal surface via two external sound entrances. Conduction of internal sound is realized by the anatomical arrangement of connecting trachea. A key structure is a trachea coupling both ears which is characterized by an enlarged part in its midline (i.e., the acoustic vesicle) accompanied with a thin membrane (septum). This facilitates directional sensitivity despite an unfavorable relationship between wavelength of sound and body size. Here we studied the morphological differences of the acoustic tracheal system in 40 cricket species (Gryllidae, Mogoplistidae) and species of outgroup taxa (Gryllotalpidae, Rhaphidophoridae, Gryllacrididae) of the suborder Ensifera comprising hearing and non hearing species.

Results: We found a surprisingly high variation of acoustic tracheal systems and almost all investigated species using intraspecific acoustic communication were characterized by an acoustic vesicle associated with a medial septum. The relative size of the acoustic vesicle - a structure most crucial for deriving high IIDs - implies an important role for sound localization. Most remarkable in this respect was the size difference of the acoustic vesicle between species; those with a more unfavorable ratio of body size to sound wavelength tend to exhibit a larger acoustic vesicle. On the other hand, secondary loss of acoustic signaling was nearly exclusively associated with the absence of both acoustic vesicle and septum.

Conclusion: The high diversity of acoustic tracheal morphology observed between species might reflect different steps in the evolution of the pressure difference receiver; with a precursor structure already present in ancestral non-hearing species. In addition, morphological transitions of the acoustic vesicle suggest a possible adaptive role for the generation of binaural directional cues.

}, keywords = {Acoustic tracheal system, cricket, directional hearing, Interaural intensity difference (IID), Pressure difference receiver, Sound localization}, doi = {10.1186/1742-9994-10-61}, url = {http://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-9994-10-61}, author = {Schmidt, Arne KD and R{\"o}mer, Heiner} } @article {53403, title = {Endecous peruassuensis n. sp. (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from caves of Eastern Brazil: evidence of isolation in the subterranean realm and discussion about troglomorphisms}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4032}, year = {2015}, month = {Apr-10-2016}, pages = {297}, abstract = {

We describe a new species of the genus Endecous Saussure (1878), recorded at the Lapa do Cip\ó and Olhos d\’\Água caves, which are located in the Itacarambi municipality, Minas Gerais state, Eastern Brazil. Another species, E. aguassay Mews, 2008 was recordedin the surroundings of the caves. The genus Endecous corresponds to the most common cricket in Bra- zilian hypogean environments. In general, these crickets inhabit the areas around cave entrances up to the aphotic zones of caves. The genus Endecous is the only cave cricket to present troglobiomorphosis, i.e., an apterous condition. The dis- tribution of the new species is limited to these two caves, which suggests an endemism in this karst system similar to the distribution of other endemic animals, such as harvestmen and amblypygid arachnids. This species is the sixth troglobitic one described for Olhos d\’\Água cave, which sets this cave as a spot of subterranean fauna in Brazil.

}, keywords = {cave cricket, new species, Perua{\c c}u Caves National Park, subterranean environment}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4032.310.11646/zootaxa.4032.3.5}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4032.3}, author = {Marcio P. Bolfarini and Maria Elina Bichuette} } @article {47920, title = {Basic elements of behavior of the cricket Phaeophilacris bredoides Kaltenbach (Orthoptera, Gryllidae)}, journal = {Entomological Review}, volume = {96}, year = {2016}, month = {Jan-08-2016}, pages = {537 - 544}, abstract = {

The intraspecific behavior of the non-singing cricket Phaeophilacris bredoides Kaltenbach, 1986, which has no tympanal system, stridulatory apparatus, and classical acoustic communication, was studied. Even though this cricket has no song, its intraspecific behavior can be differentiated into reproductive and agonistic (defensive and aggressive), as this was done before for singing crickets. The main elements and the sequence of the phases were described for reproductive behavior. The active role during copulation belongs to the male. Wingflicks and rocking movements of the male can function as a \“song.\” Wing-flicks apparently generate air movements that function as short-range signals during reproductive and aggressive behavior. Substrate-borne vibrations produced by rocking also seem to be associated with aggressive behavior. Antennal contacts form an important part of interaction between crickets of both sexes. Thus, intraspecific signaling is at least partly mediated by mechanosensory channels. The assumption about the possible direction of evolution in the singing and non-singing groups of crickets was made.

}, issn = {0013-8738}, doi = {10.1134/S0013873816050031}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1134/S0013873816050031}, author = {Lunichkin, A. M. and Zhemchuzhnikov, M. K. and Knyazev, A. N.} }