@article {58192, title = {Gryllotalpa weisei Simeu-Noutchom \& Kekeunou sp. nov. and the first record of Gryllotalpa microptera (Chopard 1939) (Orthoptera, Gryllotalpidae) from Cameroon with redescription of the species}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Gryllotalpa weisei Simeu-Noutchom \& Kekeunou sp. nov. was collected only in Tombel in the South-West region of Cameroon, during a survey conducted from March 2016 to March 2018 in the West, South-West and Centre regions of Cameroon. This species is close to Gryllotalpa microptera, collected for the first time in Cameroon during these investigations, only in the West region. G. weisei is different from G. microptera due to the hind wings that are vestigial; average fore wings length of 5.85\±0.56 mm in male and 5.34\±0.45 mm in female, not reaching the fifth abdominal segment; anal end of fore wings slightly concave; a stridulatory file with 54\±8.02 teeth (47\–71) in average, fairly spaced, with an average of 30\±5.06 teeth per millimeter; hind tibia bearing 11 spines; internal process of ectophallus quite short. G. weisei abounds in mixed crop fields, followed by cocoa agro-forests; it is scarce in grassy fallows and in forest undergrowth. G. microptera was present in all types of vegetations in Bafoussam, Babet\é and Bangoulap in the West region where it has been abundant in mixed crop fields, grass-fallow and coffee agro-forest but rare in forest undergrowth.

}, keywords = {ecology, Mole cricket, new species, Orthoptera, taxonomy, Tombel}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4763.110.11646/zootaxa.4763.1.5}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4763.1https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4763.1.5https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/61010/60629}, author = {SIMEU-NOUTCHOM, ALAIN and KEKEUNOU, SEVILOR and WANDJI, ALAIN CHRISTEL and NZIKE, MARCELLE MBADJOUN and NGOUTE, CHARLY OUMAROU and MESSI, NADEGE BRIGITTE MBEZELE and TAMESSE, JOSEPH LEBEL} } @article {58027, title = {Diversity of acoustic tracheal system and its role for directional hearing in crickets}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

Background: Sound localization in small insects can be a challenging task due to physical constraints in deriving sufficiently large interaural intensity differences (IIDs) between both ears. In crickets, sound source localization is achieved by a complex type of pressure difference receiver consisting of four potential sound inputs. Sound acts on the external side of two tympana but additionally reaches the internal tympanal surface via two external sound entrances. Conduction of internal sound is realized by the anatomical arrangement of connecting trachea. A key structure is a trachea coupling both ears which is characterized by an enlarged part in its midline (i.e., the acoustic vesicle) accompanied with a thin membrane (septum). This facilitates directional sensitivity despite an unfavorable relationship between wavelength of sound and body size. Here we studied the morphological differences of the acoustic tracheal system in 40 cricket species (Gryllidae, Mogoplistidae) and species of outgroup taxa (Gryllotalpidae, Rhaphidophoridae, Gryllacrididae) of the suborder Ensifera comprising hearing and non hearing species.

Results: We found a surprisingly high variation of acoustic tracheal systems and almost all investigated species using intraspecific acoustic communication were characterized by an acoustic vesicle associated with a medial septum. The relative size of the acoustic vesicle - a structure most crucial for deriving high IIDs - implies an important role for sound localization. Most remarkable in this respect was the size difference of the acoustic vesicle between species; those with a more unfavorable ratio of body size to sound wavelength tend to exhibit a larger acoustic vesicle. On the other hand, secondary loss of acoustic signaling was nearly exclusively associated with the absence of both acoustic vesicle and septum.

Conclusion: The high diversity of acoustic tracheal morphology observed between species might reflect different steps in the evolution of the pressure difference receiver; with a precursor structure already present in ancestral non-hearing species. In addition, morphological transitions of the acoustic vesicle suggest a possible adaptive role for the generation of binaural directional cues.

}, keywords = {Acoustic tracheal system, cricket, directional hearing, Interaural intensity difference (IID), Pressure difference receiver, Sound localization}, doi = {10.1186/1742-9994-10-61}, url = {http://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-9994-10-61}, author = {Schmidt, Arne KD and R{\"o}mer, Heiner} } @article {53365, title = {THE MECHANISM OF TUNING OF THE MOLE CRICKET SINGING BURROW}, journal = {Bioacoustics}, volume = {7}, year = {1996}, month = {Jan-01-1996}, pages = {81 - 117}, abstract = {

1.\ Experimental and theoretical studies on the acoustics of the singing burrow of the mole cricket Gryllotalpa australis are reported.


2.\ The burrow typically consists of a bulb about 26 mm long and 20 mm in diameter, connected through a constriction of diameter about 10 mm to a flaring horn with length about 40 mm and equivalent mouth diameter about 34 mm. The mouth geometry of the burrow differs from one species to another, and the aperture may be either single, double or even multiple. The end of the bulb opposite the horn connects to a narrow exit tunnei of diameter about 8 mm and length up to 1 m. The singing cricket positions itself close to the constriction between the bulb and the horn and produces a song with a frequency around 2.5 kHz.


3.\ Measurements of sound pressure within the burrow when it is excited by an external sound source at the song frequency show a pressure minimum at the constriction and an amplitude and phase distribution that is consistent with resonance of the burrow at its second modal frequency. The burrow is approximately three-quarters of a wavelength long at this frequency. The same result is obtained when the burrow is excited by a dipole source located near the constriction.


4.\ Non-parametric model calculations confirm this conclusion and also give broad agreement with the measured response curves over a frequency range from about 1.5 to 5 kHz. The calculated curves indicate an additional resonance at about 1.2 kHz associated with the first mode of the burrow\—the Helmholtz or Klipsch resonance\—which is apparently not utilised by the insect. This detail is consistent with earlier measurements, and is also supported by measured responses reported here that show an increase in sound pressure with decreasing frequency below 2 kHz as predicted by the model.


5.\ The measured performance of the burrow is broadly consistent with the model. According to the model, the burrow geometry is close to optimal for maximal sound power radiation.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, burrow, Gryllotalpa, mole crickets, resonators, sound production}, issn = {0952-4622}, doi = {10.1080/09524622.1996.9753321}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.1996.9753321}, author = {DAWS, A. G. and H. C. Bennet-Clark and FLETCHER, N. H.} } @article {53233, title = {Four types of vibration behaviors in a mole cricket}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {13}, year = {2018}, month = {Oct-10-2018}, pages = {e0204628}, abstract = {

Vibrational communication is known in some subterranean insects. Except for their use in sexual signaling, vibration behavior has rarely been reported. We report here four distinct types of substrate-based vibration behaviors in the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa orientalis, which are not associated with sexual signaling because of the occurrence of these behaviors in nymphs: (1) scraping with the forelegs; (2) foreleg taps (tapping with the forelegs); (3) palpal taps (tapping with the maxillary palpi); and (4) tremulation (back-and-forth movement of the whole body). Scraping is hypothesized to be used for the inspection of borrows. Foreleg taps are possibly informing nearby individuals of their presence, because it is never observed in solitary conditions. Palpal taps are rarely observed and its function is unknown. Tremulation is possibly related to avoidance of conspecific individual approaching and touching. The combination of the four vibration behaviors in the mole cricket may be unique among insects.

}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0204628}, url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204628}, author = {Hayashi, Yaoko and Yoshimura, Jin and Roff, Derek A. and Kumita, Tetsuro and Shimizu, Akira}, editor = {Tony Robillard} } @article {53142, title = {Acoustic communication and baffling behaviors of crickets}, journal = {The Florida Entomologist}, volume = {65}, year = {1982}, pages = {33{\textendash}44}, author = {Forrest, TG} } @article {47845, title = {The Efficiency of Sound Production in Two Cricket Species, Gryllotalpa Australis and Teleogryllus Commodus (Orthoptera: Grylloidea)}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {130}, year = {1987}, pages = {107-119}, chapter = {107}, abstract = {

1. Males of Gryllotalpa australis (Erichson) (Gryllotalpidae) and Teleogryllus commodus (Walter) (Gryllidae) produced their calling songs while confined in respirometers.

2. G. australis males used oxygen during calling at a mean rate of 4.637 ml O2 h\−1, equivalent to 27.65 mW of metabolic energy, which was 13 times higher than the resting metabolic rate. T. commodus males used oxygen during calling at a rate of 0.728 ml O2 h\−1, equivalent to 4.34 mW, which was four times the resting metabolic rate.

3. The sound field during calling by males represents a sound power output of 0.27 mW for G. australis and l.51 \× l0.3 mW for T. commodus.

4. The efficiency of sound production was 1.05\% for males of G. australis and 0.05\% for males of T. commodus. Comparison with other insect species suggests that none is more than a few percent efficient in sound production.

}, author = {Mark W. Kavanagh} } @article {47750, title = {Mole Cricket Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (L.) in the New Forest, Hampshire}, journal = {Atropos}, year = {2017}, pages = {27-33}, chapter = {27}, author = {Brock, Paul D.} } @article {15180, title = {A new French mole cricket, differing in song and morphology from Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy}, volume = {39}, year = {1970}, month = {Jan-12-1970}, pages = {125 - 132}, doi = {10.1111/syen.1970.39.issue-9-1010.1111/j.1365-3113.1970.tb00265.x}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/syen.1970.39.issue-9-10}, author = {H. C. Bennet-Clark} } @article {15179, title = {Natural History Museum Sound Archive I: Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae Leach, 1815, including 3D scans of burrow casts of Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Gryllotalpa vineae Bennet-Clark, 1970}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, month = {Sep-12-2016}, pages = {e7442}, abstract = {

The Natural History Museum (NHM) sound archive contains recordings of Gryllotalpidae, and the NHM collection holds plaster casts of the burrows of two species. These recordings and burrows have until now not been made available through the NHM\&$\#$39;s collection database, making it hard for researchers to make use of these resources.
New information

Eighteen recordings of mole crickets (three identified species) held by the NHM have been made available under open licenses via BioAcoustica. 3D scans of the burrows of Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Gryllotalpa vineae Bennet-Clark, 1970 have been made available via the NHM Data Portal.

}, issn = {1314-2836}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.3.e7442}, url = {http://bdj.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=7442}, author = {Edward Baker and Broom, Yoke-Shum} } @article {12689, title = {The Mechanism and Efficiency of Sound Production in Mole Crickets}, journal = { Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {52}, year = {1970}, pages = {619-652}, chapter = {619}, author = {H. C. Bennet-Clark} }