@inbook {58473, title = {Chapter 26: The role of hearing in mosquito behaviour}, booktitle = {Sensory ecology of disease vectors}, year = {2022}, pages = {683-708}, publisher = {Wageningen Academic Publishers}, organization = {Wageningen Academic Publishers}, abstract = {

Mosquitoes generate sounds by flapping their wings in flight, which are thought to have a role in acoustic communication. Furthermore, the auditory organs of mosquitoes are the most sensitive among all arthropods reported so far. However, the function of hearing in mosquitoes is still unclear, and various debates have been raised in the scientific community. This book chapter reviews current knowledge about mosquito hearing, and is directed to the mosquito ecology community. First, we review acoustical aspects of hearing which need to be taken into account to understand the capabilities of insect sensory systems across a range of distances (near-field/far-field, active/reactive field and air particle velocity/pressure). Second, the basic mechanism of antennal hearing is explained in terms of sound-level and frequency sensitivities, interactions with the Johnston\’s organ and spatial hearing. Third, we review a range of theories behind the role of the acoustic interactions between male and female mosquitoes (harmonic convergence, rapid frequency modulation and species-specificity), and discuss some of the main interpretations of these behaviours. Finally, we discuss the hearing range of mosquitoes in relation to communication and sound traps.

}, keywords = {distortion products, harmonic convergence, mating behaviour, rapid frequency modulation, sound trap}, isbn = {9789086863808, 9789086869329}, doi = {10.3920/978-90-8686-932-9_26}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-932-9_26}, author = {Feug{\`e}re, L. and Sim{\~o}es, P.M.V. and Russell, I.J. and Gibson, G.} } @article {57979, title = {Interspecific differences of stridulatory signals in three species of bark beetles from the genus Polygraphus Er. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) inhabiting the island of Sakhalin}, journal = {PeerJ Peprints}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Stridulatory signals are involved in conspecific interactions between bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). In this study, we compared the qualitative profiles of acoustic signals in three species from the genus Polygraphus Er. Sympatry can be periodically observed in two of them \– P. proximus and P. subopacus. Sporadically they occur on the same plants. P. nigrielytris colonize distinctly different host plant species; however, on the island of Sakhalin it inhabits the same biotopes. The purpose of the study is to identify species-specific parameters and the extent of differences in stridulatory signals of these species. Airborne signals produced during the contact of males of the same species were experimentally recorded. Among tested parameters of stridulatory signals, as the most species-specific were noted: chirp duration, number of tooth-strikes per chirp, and intertooth-strike interval.

}, doi = {10.7287/peerj.preprints.27697v2}, url = {https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27697v2} } @article {57661, title = {Anatomy of the stridulation apparatus of the beech leaf-mining weevil and characterization of, and behavioral responses to, stridulation sounds}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

We investigated auditory signals and morphology of the stridulatory apparatus of the European beech leaf-mining weevil, Orchestes fagi L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an invasive herbivore now established in Nova Scotia, Canada, to determine their potential for enhancing survey tools to monitor the spread of the species in Canada. We recorded and described sounds produced by adult O. fagi, analyzed the morphology of the stridulatory mechanism for intersexual differences and asymmetry, and examined behavioral responses elicited in conspecifics by playback of stridulation recordings. Adult O. fagi produced sounds under three conditions: male in distress, female in distress, and male in the presence of female. Female distress chirps lasted significantly longer than male distress chirps and male chirps in the presence of females, but peak frequencies and mean number of chirps per s did not differ significantly among the three groups. Morphology of the stridulation structures in male and female O. fagi was compared using scanning electron microscopy. Orchestes fagi have an elytro-tergal file- and scraper-type sound production apparatus, through which sound is produced upon anterior motion of the abdomen. Female O. fagi have a \‘pars stridens\’ that is longer and has more ridges than males. Width and number of ridges per length of pars stridens did not differ between the sexes. Evidence of asymmetry was found in male pars stridens, with the right side being longer than the left. Playback of recorded sounds to adult weevils suggests female O. fagi were repelled by sounds produced by distressed males.

}, keywords = {auditory recording, beechweevil, Coleoptera, Curculionidae, distressstridulation, insectbehavior, insectbioacoustics, Orchestes fagi, pars stridens, playback, scanningelectron microscopy, sexual dimorphism}, doi = {10.1111/eea.12844}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eea.12844}, author = {Goodwin, Joel T.L. and Hillier, N. Kirk and Roscoe, Lucas E. and Sweeney, Jon D.} } @article {57391, title = {Effects of Hypoxia on Acoustic Activity of Two Stored-Product Pests, Adult Emergence, and Grain Quality}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Modified atmospheres such as hermetic storage are widely used for the control of stored grain insect pests. To improve their effectiveness, there is need to better understand insect responses to low-oxygen environments. Adult Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on cowpea and Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on wheat were exposed to hypoxia treatments consisting of 1, 3, and 5\% oxygen levels for 14 d. Acoustic activity was monitored during the experiment, and insect mortality and grain quality were examined immediately after the hypoxia treatments. Adult emergence was assessed 45 d post-treatment. All three hypoxia treatments eliminated acoustic activity of both species within 4 d. There was neither insect survival for both species nor significant grain damage immediately after 14-d exposure to hypoxia treatments. No adult insects emerged 45 d post-exposure on grains maintained at 1\% oxygen level for 14 d. However, at 3 and 5\% oxygen levels, there were eggs on cowpea, holes in wheat, and emerging adults for both insect species 45 d post-exposure. Although insect activity ceased within 4 d when hypoxia was maintained below 5\%, there is need to explore exposure beyond 14 d for 3 and 5\% oxygen levels, to ensure to avoid potential adult emergence from eggs and other insect life stages post-treatments. Maintaining 3\–5\% hypoxia conditions for a longer duration would ensure insufficient oxygen is available for progeny development.

}, keywords = {cowpea, hermetic storage, insect pest, modified atmosphere, wheat}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz110}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/jee/article/112/4/1989/5488927}, author = {Anastasia W. Njoroge and Richard W. Mankin and Smith, Bradley and Baributsa, Dieudonne} } @article {57384, title = {Bark beetles use a spring-loaded mechanism to produce variable song patterns}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Many insects vary their song patterns to communicate different messages, but the underlying biomechanisms are often poorly understood. Here, we report on the mechanics of sound production and variation in an elytro-tergal stridulator, male Dendroctonus valens bark beetles. Using ablation experiments coupled with high-speed video and audio recordings, we show that: (1) chirps are produced using a stridulatory file on the left elytron (forewing) and a protrusion (plectrum) on the seventh abdominal segment; (2) chirps are produced by \‘spring stridulation\’, a catch-and-release mechanism whereby the plectrum catches on a file tooth and, upon release, springs forward along the file; and (3) variability in chirp types is caused by introducing multiple catch-and-release events along the file to create regular interruptions. These results provide experimental evidence for the mechanics of elytro-tergal stridulation, and provide insight into how an insect can incorporate variability into its acoustic repertoire using a spring-loaded mechanism.

}, keywords = {Acoustic, communication, Dendroctonus valens, Insect, sound, stridulation}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.190660}, url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.190660}, author = {Lindeman, Amanda A. and Yack, Jayne E.} } @article {53338, title = {On the Design of a Bioacoustic Sensor for the Early Detection of the Red Palm Weevil}, journal = {Sensors}, volume = {13}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-02-2013}, pages = {1706 - 1729}, abstract = {

During the last two decades Red Palm Weevil (RPW, Rynchophorus Ferrugineus) has become one of the most dangerous threats to palm trees in many parts of the World. Its early detection is difficult, since palm trees do not show visual evidence of infection until it is too late for them to recover. For this reason the development of efficient early detection mechanisms is a critical element of RPW pest management systems. One of the early detection mechanisms proposed in the literature is based on acoustic monitoring, as the activity of RPW larvae inside the palm trunk is audible for human operators under acceptable environmental noise levels (rural areas, night periods, etc.). In this work we propose the design of an autonomous bioacoustic sensor that can be installed in every palm tree under study and is able to analyze the captured audio signal during large periods of time. The results of the audio analysis would be reported wirelessly to a control station, to be subsequently processed and conveniently stored. That control station is to be accessible via the Internet. It is programmed to send warning messages when predefined alarm thresholds are reached, thereby allowing supervisors to check on-line the status and evolution of the palm tree orchards. We have developed a bioacoustic sensor prototype and performed an extensive set of experiments to measure its detection capability, achieving average detection rates over 90\%.

}, keywords = {acoustic sensor design, acoustic signal processing, pattern matching, pest detection, wavelet transform, wireless sensor networks}, doi = {10.3390/s130201706}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/2/1706}, author = {Rach, Miguel and Gomis, H{\'e}ctor and Granado, Otoniel and Malumbres, Manuel and Campoy, Antonio and Mart{\'\i}n, Juan} } @article {50904, title = {Acoustic communication in the pine engraver bark beetle: do signals vary between behavioural contexts?}, journal = {Physiological Entomology}, year = {2017}, month = {Aug-09-2018}, abstract = {

Acoustic communication is taxonomically widespread in bark beetles and is proposed to play an important role in a variety of social and defensive behavioural contexts. Yet our understanding of how signals vary between contexts is currently limited. The present study tests the hypothesis that acoustic signals vary between behavioural contexts in the female pine engraver beetle Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Female Ips pini produce acoustic chirps using a vertex-pronotal stridulatory organ. Randomly sampled chirps generated under three contexts (i.e. distress, predation and premating) are compared for their duration, number of pulses, interpulse intervals, pulse rate and amplitude envelope shapes. The results obtained show that, during premating events, chirps are significantly longer in duration and tend to have a higher proportion of descending amplitude envelopes than chirps occurring during distress and predation events. Chirps produced during distress and predation conditions are indistinguishable from one another. By contrast to the results from previous bark beetle studies, no support is found for categorizing chirps as \‘interrupted\’ or \‘uninterrupted\’ types based on temporal patterns. The functional significance of context-dependent variation in chirp characteristics is discussed. Previous studies on acoustic communication in bark beetles are limited as a result of a general lack of objective sampling and measurement criteria for characterizing signals. Recommendations are outlined for future studies on the functions and evolution of acoustic communication in bark beetles.

}, doi = {10.1111/phen.12222}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/phen.12222}, author = {Dobai, Andras and Sivalinghem, Senthurran and Guedes, Raul N.C. and Yack, Jayne E.} } @article {47714, title = {Use of acoustics to deter bark beetles from entering tree material}, journal = {Pest Management Science}, volume = {70}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-12-2014}, pages = {1808 - 1814}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND
Acoustic technology is a potential tool to protect wood materials and eventually live trees from colonization by bark beetles. Bark beetles such as the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis, western pine beetle D. brevicomis and pine engraver Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) use chemical and acoustic cues to communicate and to locate potential mates and host trees. In this study, the efficacy of sound treatments on D. frontalis, D. brevicomis and I. pini entry into tree materials was tested.


RESULTS
Acoustic treatments significantly influenced whether beetles entered pine logs in the laboratory. Playback of artificial sounds reduced D. brevicomis entry into logs, and playback of stress call sounds reduced D. frontalis entry into logs. Sound treatments had no effect on I. pini entry into logs.

CONCLUSION
The reduction in bark beetle entry into logs using particular acoustic treatments indicates that sound could be used as a viable management tool.

}, doi = {10.1002/ps.2014.70.issue-1210.1002/ps.3720}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ps.2014.70.issue-12}, author = {Aflitto, Nicholas C and Hofstetter, Richard W} } @article {11813, title = {Elytro-tergal stridulation in weevils (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {30}, year = {1996}, pages = {703-773}, chapter = {703}, abstract = {Many Curculionidae, Scolytidae and Platypodidae stridulate by rubbing a plectrum on tergite VII against a subapical file on the elytral underside. The file on the right elytron may be smaller than that on the left, or absent; on either elytron it usually comprises a series of parallel ridges. The plectrum generally consists of one or more pair of setiferous tubercles, although other structures are sometimes employed. This stridulatory system ({\textquoteleft}type 1{\textquoteright}) is found in members of 14 curculionid subfamilies and in Scolytidae. Platypodidae have a similar and probably homologous organ, although the morphology of the file differs somewhat from that found elsewhere and the plectrum is a simple flange. Within Curculionidae three other elytro-tergal stridulatory systems have been found. Firstly, in some Cossoninae and Molytinae, the file is a row of tubercles on tergite VII and the plectrum is a ridge on the elytron ({\textquoteleft}type 2{\textquoteright}); this is newly reported here. Secondly, females of Ithyporini, some Camptorhinini and some Cryptorhynchini have part of the wing binding patch on tergite VII modified to act as a file, with a plectrum on the elytra ({\textquoteleft}type 3{\textquoteright}). Thirdly, some Amycterinae have a file of ridges on tergite VII and a plectrum on the elytra ({\textquoteleft}type 4{\textquoteright}), apparently an autapomorphy of a restricted group of species. In addition, some Curculionidae have a plectrum on the hind femur and a file on the abdominal sternum (some Cryptorhynchinae) or elytron (some Otidocephalinae). Scolytidae have at least three other stridulatory organs: two on the head and one involving the elytra and sternum VIII. Some systematic conclusions are drawn: the clear homology of the type 1 structures in Scolytidae and the majority of the stridulating Curculionidae indicates that the Curculionidae is paraphyletic with respect to the Scolytidae; Scolytidae should therefore be treated as a subfamily of Curculionidae. The structure of the platypodid file and plectrum provide equivocal information and do not aid resolution of the phylogenetic placement of this family. Monophyly of some Ithyporini and Camptorhinini is suggested by the distribution of type 3, but there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate paraphyly of the Cryptorhynchini. The distribution of type 2 does not indicate monophyly of the Cossoninae and Molytinae since the structures in the two are almost certainly homoplastic. All known records of elytro-tergal stridulatory organs in the Scolytidae, Platypodidae and Curculionidae are listed.}, keywords = {classification, Curculionidae, Curculionoidea, morphology, Platypodidae, Scolytidae, stridulation}, doi = {10.1080/00222939600770391}, author = {C.H.C. Lyal and T. King} } @article {11294, title = {On certain muscial Curculionidae: with descriptions of two new Plinthi}, journal = {Annals and Magazine of Natural History}, volume = {3}, year = {1860}, pages = {14-19}, chapter = {14}, url = {https://archive.org/details/cbarchive_52318_oncertainmuscialcurculionidaew1840}, author = {T. V. Wollaston} }