01377nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006600124260001600190300001400206490000800220520088100228100002301109700002201132856006501154 2002 eng d a0008-347X00aAcoustic behavior of Metaleptea adspersa (Orthoptera: Acrididae)0 aAcoustic behavior of Metaleptea adspersa Orthoptera Acrididae cJan-02-2002 a113 - 1230 v1343 a

The sounds produced by Metaleptea adspersa (Blanchard 1843) were recorded in captivity with an analogical tape recorder. The signal was digitized in the laboratory and studied with a software. Three types of sound were described: copulation, rivalry, and crepitation. All three sounds were produced only by males. The frequency of the sounds occupied a broadband, from 3–4 to 16 kHz, although the main peak frequency for each type of song differed. We also studied the structures involved in sound production. Copulation and rivalry songs were produced by the rubbing of the subcostal, radial, medial, and cubital 1 veins of the hind wing against the subcostal and radial veins of the tegmen; the enlarged cubital area of the hind wing acted as a resonator. Crepitation sound was produced by the cubital area of hind wing when its expanded membrane became taut.

1 aLorier, Estrellita1 aPresa, Juan José uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X0000608801122nas a2200109 4500008004100000245017200041210006900213300001400282520066200296100001300958856004100971 1996 eng d00aSong, sex and synonymy: the palaearctic genus Acrida Linnaeus (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Acridinae) and synonymy of the subfamily Truxalinae under the subfamily Acridinae0 aSong sex and synonymy the palaearctic genus Acrida Linnaeus Orth a125–1293 a

The subfamilies Truxalinae and Acridinae are discussed. Acrida maxima Karny 1907 restored to species status from synonymy under Acrida turrita (L. 1758). The subfamily Truxalinae cannot be sustained as a separate taxon and is synonymised under the subfamily Acridinae since on grounds of male epiphallic morphology, femoral stridulatory apparatus and wing venation there is no means of clearly differentiating it from the Acridinae. The decision is supported by examples of functional anatomy from Chromotruxalis Dirsh 1951, Acrida Linnaeus 1758, Truxalis Fabricius 1775, Truxaloides Dirsh 1951, Acridarachnea I.Bolivar 1908, and Chromacrida Dirsh.

1 aJago, ND uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/it/node/5070901713nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260001600235300000800251490000700259520123500266100001701501856004901518 1972 eng d a0004-959X00aCommunicative aspects of reproductive behaviour in Australian grasshoppers (Oedipodinae and Gomphocerinae)0 aCommunicative aspects of reproductive behaviour in Australian gr cJan-01-1972 a1390 v203 a

Communicative behaviour of nine species of Australian grasshoppers (seven Oedipodinae and two Gomphocerinae) is described and compared to North American and European species. Most signal types are represented in all three continents. Most similarities between the three groups are probably due to the retention of characteristics present in common ancestors. Other similarities evidently are convergent (i.e. arose independently in each continent); these include: (1) loss of femoro-tegminal stridulation in several species; (2) changes in the function of signals from one communicative context to another; (3) the ritualization of kicking movements (i.e. the evolution of signals from non-communicative kicking movements) ; (4) the evolution of specialized flight sounds in the Gomphocerinae. Female attracting flight displays are performed by relatively few Australian Oedipodinae. Characteristics of an individual that are closely associated with behaviour or physiological states of that individual and that are relevant to the activities or wellbeing of other individuals have a greater probability of becoming signals (becoming ritualized) than movements that occur in many situations (i.e. that are unpredictable).

1 aOtte, Daniel uhttp://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=ZO972013902575nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001600200300001400216490000700230520211800237100001702355856006902372 1987 eng d00aA Comparative Study of Mating Behaviour in Some Neotropical Grasshoppers (Acridoidea)0 aComparative Study of Mating Behaviour in Some Neotropical Grassh cDec-01-1987 a265 - 2960 v763 a

Aspects of premating and mating behaviour in several South American grasshopppers (Acridoidea) are described and compared. Examples of communication by acoustical, visual and chemical means are given.

Acoustic signals are emitted only by species of the subfamilies Gomphocerinae, Acridinae, Romaleinae and Copiocerinae. Each subfamily has distinct sound-producing mechanisms, and the songs occur in different behavioural contexts. In Gomphocerinae and Acridinae the sexes recognize and attract each other by species-specific songs produced by a femuro-tegminal stridulatory mechanism. In contrast, Romaleinae produce a simple song by rubbing the hindwings against the forewings. These songs are similar in different species and no attraction of females could be demonstrated, but the behaviour may function in male-male interaction and during copulation. Sexual pheromones also play a role in this subfamily. Acoustic activity during copulation has been observed in Aleuasini (Copiocerinae), but its function is still unclear.

No sound production at all exists in the Leptysminae, Rhytidochrotinae, Ommatolampinae, Melanoplinae, Proctolabinae and Bactrophorinae, but conspicuous movements of hindlegs (kneewaving) and antennae were observed. In some species these form part of a soundless courtship display.

Ecological constraints have little influence on the basic mating strategies: romaleine, gomphocerine and melanopline grasshoppers often coexist in various habitats, but show the divergent behaviour patterns characteristic of their respective subfamilies. Intrinsic factors of female reproductive physiology seem to be more important: a hormonally controlled reproductive cycle in gomphocerine females provides for only few short copulations, while romaleine females copulate frequently and longer. In Gomphocerinae and Acridinae, receptive females are rare (male-biased operational sex ratio) which leads to intense competition among males. It is hypothesized that this could be responsible for the high diversification of song and courtship patterns in these subfamilies.

1 aRiede, Klaus uhttp://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eth.1987.76.issue-4