02149nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001200197490000700209520171200216100002001928700002601948856004101974 1972 eng d00aOrientation to Calling Song by Female Crickets, Scapsipedus Marginatus (Gryllidae)0 aOrientation to Calling Song by Female Crickets Scapsipedus Margi a335-2520 v563 a

1. Video-tape recordings of the orientation behaviour of female crickets Scapsipedus marginatus in response to the calling song of conspecific males demonstrate that turning and locomotion of the animal toward a target are determined by the sensory information received before the movement is initiated and are unaffected by auditory input received during movement, i.e. the control system is an open-loop type.

2. Sound location comes about through the animals' ability to turn toward the sound source. The probability of turning in the correct direction is maximal when the sound source lies in the lateral quadrant with respect to the longitudinal body axis, and it is symmetric about the perpendicular to the body axis.

3. The correlation between the angle of the turning response and that of the direction of the sound stimulus is very small. Animals tend to make smaller turns when the target angle is less than 60° than when it is greater than 60°. Sound which is incident from the posterior direction elicits larger turns than sound which is incident from the anterior direction. Thus, the cricket can tell whether sound is coming from the forward or backward direction and respond accordingly.

4. One-eared animals usually turn toward the intact ear in response to auditory stimulation. The orientation behaviour therefore depends on a comparison of stimuli incident at the two ears. This result contradicts the findings of Regen who claims that one-eared animals can locate a sound source.

5. The leg movements demonstrated by video close-ups of single turns show varying patterns. The pattern postulated by Autrum, however, is not among these.

1 aMurphey, R., K.1 aZaretsky, Malcolm, D. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/it/node/4785001375nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013600041210006900177300001200246490000800258520092300266100002301189856004101212 1987 eng d00aThe Efficiency of Sound Production in Two Cricket Species, Gryllotalpa Australis and Teleogryllus Commodus (Orthoptera: Grylloidea)0 aEfficiency of Sound Production in Two Cricket Species Gryllotalp a107-1190 v1303 a

1. Males of Gryllotalpa australis (Erichson) (Gryllotalpidae) and Teleogryllus commodus (Walter) (Gryllidae) produced their calling songs while confined in respirometers.

2. G. australis males used oxygen during calling at a mean rate of 4.637 ml O2 h−1, equivalent to 27.65 mW of metabolic energy, which was 13 times higher than the resting metabolic rate. T. commodus males used oxygen during calling at a rate of 0.728 ml O2 h−1, equivalent to 4.34 mW, which was four times the resting metabolic rate.

3. The sound field during calling by males represents a sound power output of 0.27 mW for G. australis and l.51 × l0.3 mW for T. commodus.

4. The efficiency of sound production was 1.05% for males of G. australis and 0.05% for males of T. commodus. Comparison with other insect species suggests that none is more than a few percent efficient in sound production.

1 aKavanagh, Mark, W. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/it/node/4784502330nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260001300209300001100222490000700233520169200240653001201932653002201944653001201966653001201978653002701990653001002017100001802027700001402045856004102059 1966 eng d a0022-094900aThe neuromuscular mechanism of stridulation in crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae).0 aneuromuscular mechanism of stridulation in crickets Orthoptera G c1966 Aug a151-640 v453 a

Study of the insect neuromuscular system appears very promising as a means of
explaining behaviour in terms of cellular operation. The relatively small number of
neurons, the ganglionic nature of the nervous system, the simplicity of the neuro-
muscular arrangement, and the repetitiveness of behavioural sequences all lend them-
selves to a solution of this problem. As a result, an increasing number of investigators
have been turning their attention to insects and especially to the large orthopterans.
Recently, Ewing & Hoyle (1965) and Huber (1965) reported on muscle activity
underlying sound production in crickets. The acoustic behaviour is well understood
(Alexander, 1961) and in the genera Gryllus, Acheta and Gryllodes communication is
mediated by three basic songs composed of three types of pulses. While working
independently on this system at the University of Cologne (W.K.) and the University
of Michigan (D.B.) using various Gryllus species, we found a number of basic
differences between the muscle activity in our crickets and that reported by Ewing
& Hoyle (1965) for Acheta domesticus. These two genera, Gryllus and Acheta, are so
nearly identical that they are distinguished solely by differences in the male genitalia
(Chopard, 1961). The present paper constitutes a survey of muscle activity patterns
producing stridulation in four species of field crickets. Since the work of the two
authors was carried out independently, non-overlapping experiments will be initialled
to indicate the investigator.

10aAnimals10aElectrophysiology10ainsects10amuscles10aneuromuscular junction10asound1 aBentley, D, R1 aKutsch, W uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/it/node/1721301298nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117300001000186490000700196520087700203100002401080700001901104856004101123 1977 eng d00aAcoustic Orientation in the Cricket Teleogryllus Oceanicus (Le Guillou)0 aAcoustic Orientation in the Cricket Teleogryllus Oceanicus Le Gu a61-750 v673 a

New information is presented on acoustic orientation in crickets following a comparison between as species with a discontinuous song pattern, Scapsepidus maginatus (Murphet & Zaretsky, 1972) and one with a continuous osng pattern, Teleogrylluys oceanicus. The females acuity for side discrimination is ±10° from the body axis whereas total phonokinetic response shows a greater degree of error. Females can scan their turn angle to target angles beneath 60°. Error is expressed in terms of information loss through the total behavioural sequence. The cricket does not orient while moving, requires no fixed leg position during the stop for effective orientation and can establish source direction on the basis of at least two syllables. Evidence of differential anterioir and posterior tympanic membrane function is suggested.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aThomson, Peter uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/it/node/1720400468nas a2200109 4500008004100000245014800041210006900189300001000258490000800268100002200276856006000298 1985 eng d00aTemperature Coupling and ‘Trade-Off’ Phenomena in the Acoustic Communication System of the Cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer (Gryllidae)0 aTemperature Coupling and TradeOff Phenomena in the Acoustic Comm a17-350 v1141 aDoherty, John, A. uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/content/114/1/17.article-info