02273nas a2200205 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148520160100217653001601818653001801834653002001852653001401872653002901886653001601915653001701931653002901948100002301977700002302000856004402023 2020 eng d00aDoes the presence of an observer affect a bird's occurrence rate or singing rate during a point count?0 aDoes the presence of an observer affect a birds occurrence rate 3 a

The approach or presence of an observer may affect the behavior of nearby birds, rendering them either more or less detectable than when no observer is present due to a change in singing rates. To test whether there are systematic detection biases associated with the presence of an observer during point count bird surveys, we compared the occurrence and singing rates of birds during a 10‐min period immediately preceding the time when an observer arrived to conduct a count and during the formal count itself by extracting song information from autonomous sound recorders. We obtained recordings of 36 species of birds detected at ≥5 locations in one of three vegetation types, including burned conifer forest, green conifer/riparian streamside forest, and riparian bottomland/marshland. We found that species richness and both the probability of occurrence and singing rate for any of the species recorded were unaffected by the presence of an observer. In addition, the probability of occurrence did not differ significantly among four 2.5‐min recording sessions during 10‐min counts when an observer was present. Thus, the presence of an observer did not appear to introduce any detectable systematic bias that would make bird lists or unadjusted occurrence rates inaccurate on that basis alone. In addition, rates of bird occurrence across 2.5‐min temporal subsets of a 10‐min count did not vary in a systematic way that would violate the assumption of equal occupancy across adjacent time periods as sometimes used to build detection histories in occupancy modeling.

10abird survey10adetectability10aobserver effect10aoccupancy10apassive acousticsampling10apoint count10asinging rate10autonomous recording unit1 aHutto, Richard, L.1 aHutto, Russell, R. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jofo.1232901751nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134490000600203520115400209653002001363653002201383653002601405653000801431653001701439100004401456700002801500856004101528 2019 eng d00aPreliminary Acoustic Analysis of Farm Management Noise and Its Impact on Broiler Welfare0 aPreliminary Acoustic Analysis of Farm Management Noise and Its I0 v63 a

Farm management practices done by machinery generate a high acoustical impact on animals. The acoustic variations in terms of equivalent level (Leq) and the different types of noise can affect the well-being of broilers by means of reducing the food and water ingest. In this work, we create a dataset in which we conduct a preliminary analysis of the acoustical impact generated by the farm management in a intensive broiler poultry farm of 25,000 birds. The project collects acoustic data during the first two weeks of the birds life, focusing the study on the first week. To create the dataset we randomly select some files from each day of the study and they are analysed and labelled manually using an audio analysis software. The acoustical events defined in collaboration with the farmer and vet are fan, food and water supply, based on duration, impact and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The analysis concludes that the main acoustical source in a broilers’ farm is fan, and that it has an non negligible acoustical impact. Nevertheless, the most frequent acoustical noise source active is food supply, but with less Leq impact.

10aacoustic impact10abroiler well-fare10afarm management noise10aLeq10apoultry farm1 aOliinychenko, DmytroGerardo, José Gino1 aAlsina-Pagès, Rosa, Ma uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/it/node/5800002217nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151520149000220653001901710653001701729653001801746653002201764653002501786100002301811700001801834700001301852700002301865700001901888700002501907856006701932 2019 eng d00aAbility evaluation of a voice activity detection algorithm in bioacoustics: A case study on poultry calls0 aAbility evaluation of a voice activity detection algorithm in bi3 a

Poultry is one of the most strategic source of human foods. There have been seen some hopeful signs of bioacoustics application to monitor the health condition of this vital food source. One of the obstacles is that the bird’s call is combined with some unvoiced sounds and extracting the calls is not easy, especially when the bird is sick. This research is a report on successful application of some of the features involved in extracting healthy and non-healthy birds’ calls from their sound signals. One hundred and twenty birds from two genotypes – Ross and Cobb – were placed in two groups, a control and those challenged with respiratory diseases. They were reared and their sound was recorded daily. The vocal phrases of the recorded audio signals were extracted using the presented algorithm. Results of analysis showed that an increase in age and onset of illness are two factors that cause an error increase. Detection accuracy was calculated at 95% for healthy young birds and 72% for non-healthy birds. A significant part of this error is due to misclassing the calls as non-vocal segments. This meant that 97% of the activities classified as vocal phrases were, in fact, vocal. These results showed that the idea of such an easy-to-implement algorithm could potentially be employed for the coarselevel segmentation of some animal vocalization signals with reliable outputs, which is an essential and primary step in bioacoustics research.

10aAudio features10abioacoustics10aGallus gallus10aHealth monitoring10aRespiratory diseases1 aMahdavian, Alireza1 aMinaei, Saeid1 aYang, Ce1 aAlmasganj, Farshad1 aRahimi, Shaban1 aMarchetto, Peter, M. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016816991830598201731nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006400041210006400105520128300169653001301452653002401465653001601489100001801505700002101523856004101544 2019 eng d00aPropagation of bird vocalizations in the Alpine environment0 aPropagation of bird vocalizations in the Alpine environment3 a

Rock ptarmigan is a bird living in the mountains tops, whose population tends to decrease in Europe over the last decade, notably due to climate change, habitat loss and human disturbance. Censusing of number of birds in the Alps is realized via point-count monitoring using birds vocalization. However, detection of bird vocalizations by the human hear is somewhat tricky in these non-homogeneous landforms, due to sound propagation effects. In order to improve the counting method, it is necessary to understand how bird vocalizations propagate in the Alpine environment. With this aim, a propagation model based on a ray-tracing approach is developed and includes topography, ground reflection and absorption and atmospheric refraction and absorption. The model is first validated in both frequency and time domains against reference results obtained with a numerical solution of the linearized Euler equations for simple cases. Propagation of the bird vocalization in the Alpine environment is then illustrated. It is shown that the active space of the bird dramatically depends on the environment. The modeling of active and detection space will provide precise information for the birds monitoring, enabling managers to define more precisely their counting plans.

10aethology10aOutdoor propagation10aRay tracing1 aBerger, Loïc1 aSebe, Frédéric uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/it/node/5742202632nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187260001600256520158000272653003101852653002401883653002301907653001901930653002301949653001501972653001601987653002302003100002202026700002902048700002002077700002302097700002302120700002002143700002002163700002702183700002202210856008602232 2019 eng d a0010-542200aAnthropogenic noise does not surpass land cover in explaining habitat selection of Greater Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido)0 aAnthropogenic noise does not surpass land cover in explaining ha cMay-10-20193 a

Over the last century, increasing human populations and conversion of grassland to agriculture have had severe consequences for numbers of Greater Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido). Understanding Greater Prairie-Chicken response to human disturbance, including the effects of anthropogenic noise and landscape modification, is vital for conserving remaining populations because these disturbances are becoming more common in grassland systems. Here, we evaluate the effect of low-frequency noise emitted from a wind energy facility on habitat selection. We used the Normalized Difference Soundscape Index, a ratio of human-generated and biological acoustic components, to determine the impact of the dominant acoustic characteristics of habitat relative to physical landscape features known to influence within–home range habitat selection. Female Greater Prairie-Chickens avoided wooded areas and row crops but showed no selection or avoidance of wind turbines based on the availability of these features across their home range. Although the acoustic environment near the wind energy facility was dominated by anthropogenic noise, our results show that acoustic habitat selection is not evident for this species. In contrast, our work highlights the need to reduce the presence of trees, which have been historically absent from the region, as well as decrease the conversion of grassland to row-crop agriculture. Our findings suggest physical landscape changes surpass altered acoustic environments in mediating Greater Prairie-Chicken habitat selection.

10aacoustic habitat selection10aanthropogenic noise10aavoidance behavior10aprairie grouse10aresource selection10aSoundscape10awind energy10awoody encroachment1 aRaynor, Edward, J1 aHarrison, Jocelyn, Olney1 aWhalen, Cara, E1 aSmith, Jennifer, A1 aSchacht, Walter, H1 aTyre, Andrew, J1 aBenson, John, F1 aBrown, Mary, Bomberger1 aPowell, Larkin, A uhttps://academic.oup.com/condor/advance-article/doi/10.1093/condor/duz044/558157801651nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260003100219520107500250653001601325653001701341653001701358653001301375100001901388700001901407856005501426 2018 eng d00aMorphometric and bioacoustic analysis Gaga chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) at Bangkalan, Kamal Madura0 aMorphometric and bioacoustic analysis Gaga chicken Gallus gallus aBali, IndonesiabAuthor(s)3 a

Gaga chicken was known as local chicken, which has potential in the business of ornamental chicken in Indonesia. Gaga chicken has two types crowing sound. Three-dangdut types and seven slow types were collected from several stockbreeding in Bangkalan, Kamal Madura. The aim of the research is to investigate the biodiversity of Gaga’ chicken based on bioacoustics and morphometric measurement. The data were analyzed by Mann Withney analysis. The variables measured were neck length, body weight, femur length, tibia length, shank length, shank diameter, superior maxilla, wing length, comb height, the third length, and chest bone length. The parameters were measured, recorded, and analyzed for crowing duration and number of crowing using the voice recording tool and Ashampoo Music Studio 6 software. The results showed that dangdut type 215 g was bigger than slow type 197 g. Average crowing duration dangdut type were 7,67 second, with longest syllable were 9 syllable and crowing duration slow type were 6,71 with longest syllable were 10 syllable.

10aBioacoustic10aGaga Chicken10aMorphometric10aSyllable1 aZulistiana, T.1 aAbinawanto, A. uhttp://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.506413902653nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245009500054210006900149260001600218300001200234490000800246520190100254653001602155653001502171653001602186653001202202653001802214100001902232700002002251700001702271700001902288700002602307856006602333 2017 eng d a0003347200aHens vary their vocal repertoire and structure when anticipating different types of reward0 aHens vary their vocal repertoire and structure when anticipating cJan-08-2017 a79 - 960 v1303 aThe vocalizations of nonhuman animals are considered potential indicators of motivational or internal state. In many species, different call types, and structural variation within call types, encode information about physical characteristics such as age or sex, or about variable traits such as motivation. Domestic chickens, Gallus gallus, have an elaborate vocal repertoire, enabling investigation into whether reward-related arousal is encoded within their call type and structure. Twelve hens were given a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm using sound cues to signal the availability of two food rewards (mealworms, normal food), one nonfood reward (a container of substrate suitable for dustbathing), and a sound-neutral event (sound cue, no reward). A muted-neutral treatment (no sound cue, no reward) provided a baseline for vocal behaviour. Sound cues preceded a 15 s anticipation period during which vocalizations were recorded. Hens produced a ‘Food call’ (previously defined in other studies) in anticipation of all rewards, including the nonfood reward. ‘Food calls’ and ‘Fast clucks’ were more prevalent in anticipation of rewards, and most prevalent following the cue signalling the dustbathing substrate, suggesting that this reward induced the most arousal in hens. The peak frequency of ‘Food calls’ made in anticipation of the dustbathing substrate was significantly lower than those made in anticipation of food rewards, potentially reflecting differences in arousal. Vocalizations that reliably indicate hens' motivational state could be used as measures of welfare in on-farm assessment situations. Our study is the first to reveal variation in the frequency-related parameters of the ‘Food call’ in different contexts, and to show the prevalence of different call types in reward and nonreward contexts, which may have implications for welfare assessments.10alaying hens10amotivation10areferential10arewards10avocalizations1 aMcGrath, Nicky1 aDunlop, Rebecca1 aDwyer, Cathy1 aBurman, Oliver1 aPhillips, Clive, J.C. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347217301707