02624nas a2200181 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200520194700269100001902216700002002235700003102255700002002286700002502306700001702331700002002348700002102368856005302389 2016 eng d00aOld Lineage on an Old Island: Pixibinthus, a New Cricket Genus Endemic to New Caledonia Shed Light on Gryllid Diversification in a Hotspot of Biodiversity0 aOld Lineage on an Old Island Pixibinthus a New Cricket Genus End3 a

Few studies have focused on the early colonization of New Caledonia by insects, after the re-emergence of the main island, 37 Myr ago. Here we investigate the mode and tempo of evolution of a new endemic cricket genus, Pixibinthus, recently discovered in southern New Caledonia. First we formally describe this new monotypic genus found exclusively in the open shrubby vegetation on metalliferous soils, named ‘maquis minier’, unique to New Caledonia. We then reconstruct a dated molecular phylogeny based on five mitochondrial and four nuclear loci in order to establish relationships of Pixibinthus within Eneopterinae crickets. Pixibinthus is recovered as thesister clade of the endemic genus Agnotecous, mostly rainforest-dwellers. Dating results show that the island colonization by their common ancestor occurred around 34.7 Myr, shortly after New Caledonia re-emergence. Pixibinthus and Agnotecous are then one of the oldest insect lineages documented so far for New Caledonia. This discovery highlights for the first time two clear-cut ecological specializations between sister clades, as Agnotecous is mainly found in rainforests with 19 species, whereas Pixibinthus is found in open habitats with a single documented species. The preference of Pixibinthus for open habitats and of Agnotecous for forest habitats nicely fits an acoustic specialization, either explained by differences in body size or in acoustic properties of their respective habitats. We hypothesize that landscape dynamics, linked to major past climatic events and recent change in fire regimes are possible causes for both present-day low diversity and rarity in genus Pixibinthus. The unique evolutionary history of this old New Caledonian lineage stresses the importance to increase our knowledge on the faunal biodiversity of ‘maquis minier’, in order to better understand the origin and past dynamics of New Caledonian biota.

1 aAnso, Jérémy1 aBarrabé, Laure1 aDesutter-Grandcolas, Laure1 aJourdan, Hervé1 aGrandcolas, Philippe1 aDong, Jiajia1 aROBILLARD, TONY1 aFontaneto, Diego uhttps://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.015092001551nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163520104800232100002301280700001901303700002301322700001901345856005301364 2016 eng d00aNo Effect of Body Size on the Frequency of Calling and Courtship Song in the Two-Spotted Cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus0 aNo Effect of Body Size on the Frequency of Calling and Courtship3 a

The relationship between body size and vocalization parameters has been studied in many animal species. In insect species, however, the effect of body size on song frequency has remained unclear. Here we analyzed the effect of body size on the frequency spectra of mating songs produced by the two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. We recorded the calling songs and courtship songs of male crickets of different body sizes. The calling songs contained a frequency component that peaked at 5.7 kHz. On the other hand, courtship songs contained two frequency components that peaked at 5.8 and 14.7 kHz. The dominant frequency of each component in both the calling and courtship songs was constant regard- less of body size. The size of the harp and mirror regions in the cricket forewings, which are the acoustic sources of the songs, correlated positively with body size. These findings sug- gest that the frequency contents of both the calling and courtship songs of the cricket are unaffected by whole body, harp, or mirror size.

1 aMiyashita, Atsushi1 aKizaki, Hayato1 aSekimizu, Kazuhisa1 aKaito, Chikara uhttps://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.014699902436nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260001600212300001600228490000800244520157900252653002701831653001901858653002701877653002901904653002001933653002301953100002501976700001902001856018602020 2016 eng d a0022-094900aFunctional relevance of acoustic tracheal design in directional hearing in crickets0 aFunctional relevance of acoustic tracheal design in directional  cMar-10-2017 a3294 - 33000 v2193 a

Internally coupled ears (ICEs) allow small animals to reliably determine the direction of a sound source. ICEs are found in a variety of taxa, but crickets have evolved the most complex arrangement of coupled ears: an acoustic tracheal system composed of a large cross-body trachea that connects two entry points for sound in the thorax with the leg trachea of both ears. The key structure that allows for the tuned directionality of the ear is a tracheal inflation (acoustic vesicle) in the midline of the cross-body trachea holding a thin membrane (septum). Crickets are known to display a wide variety of acoustic tracheal morphologies, most importantly with respect to the presence of a single or double acoustic vesicle. However, the functional relevance of this variation is still not known. In this study, we investigated the peripheral directionality of three co-occurring, closely related cricket species of the subfamily Gryllinae. No support could be found for the hypothesis that a double vesicle should be regarded as an evolutionary innovation to (1) increase interaural directional cues, (2) increase the selectivity of the directional filter or (3) provide a better match between directional and sensitivity tuning. Nonetheless, by manipulating the double acoustic vesicle in the rainforest cricket Paroecanthus podagrosus, selectively eliminating the sound-transmitting pathways, we revealed that these pathways contribute almost equally to the total amount of interaural intensity differences, emphasizing their functional relevance in the system.

10aacoustic communication10ainsect hearing10aInternally coupled ear10alaser Doppler vibrometry10aMatched filters10aSound localization1 aSchmidt, Arne, K. D.1 aRömer, Heiner uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.145524https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.145524https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.14552402167nas a2200217 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260001600218490000600234520146800240653001301708653001501721653001601736653001401752100002201766700001901788700002201807700001701829700002101846856008201867 2016 eng d00aSubstrate vibrations mediate behavioral responses via femoral chordotonal organs in a cerambycid beetle0 aSubstrate vibrations mediate behavioral responses via femoral ch cJan-12-20160 v23 a

Background
Vibrational senses are vital for plant-dwelling animals because vibrations transmitted through plants allow them to detect approaching predators or conspecifics. Little is known, however, about how coleopteran insects detect vibrations.

Results
We investigated vibrational responses of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus, and its putative sense organs. This beetle showed startle responses, stridulation, freezing, and walking in response to vibrations below 1 kHz, indicating that they are able to detect low-frequency vibrations. For the first time in a coleopteran species, we have identified the sense organ involved in the freezing behavior. The femoral chordotonal organ (FCO), located in the mid-femur, contained 60–70 sensory neurons and was distally attached to the proximal tibia via a cuticular apodeme. Beetles with operated FCOs did not freeze in response to low-frequency vibrations during walking, whereas intact beetles did. These results indicate that the FCO is responsible for detecting low-frequency vibrations and mediating the behavioral responses. We discuss the behavioral significance of vibrational responses and physiological functions of FCOs in M. alternatus.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed that substrate vibrations mediate behavioral responses via femoral chordotonal organs in M. alternatus.

10aBehavior10aColeoptera10aSense organ10avibration1 aTakanashi, Takuma1 aFukaya, Midori1 aNakamuta, Kiyoshi1 aSkals, Niels1 aNishino, Hiroshi uhttp://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-016-0053-401717nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260001600230300001400246490000700260520115600267100002201423700002701445700002001472856005501492 2016 eng d a0013-873800aBasic elements of behavior of the cricket Phaeophilacris bredoides Kaltenbach (Orthoptera, Gryllidae)0 aBasic elements of behavior of the cricket Phaeophilacris bredoid cJan-08-2016 a537 - 5440 v963 a

The intraspecific behavior of the non-singing cricket Phaeophilacris bredoides Kaltenbach, 1986, which has no tympanal system, stridulatory apparatus, and classical acoustic communication, was studied. Even though this cricket has no song, its intraspecific behavior can be differentiated into reproductive and agonistic (defensive and aggressive), as this was done before for singing crickets. The main elements and the sequence of the phases were described for reproductive behavior. The active role during copulation belongs to the male. Wingflicks and rocking movements of the male can function as a “song.” Wing-flicks apparently generate air movements that function as short-range signals during reproductive and aggressive behavior. Substrate-borne vibrations produced by rocking also seem to be associated with aggressive behavior. Antennal contacts form an important part of interaction between crickets of both sexes. Thus, intraspecific signaling is at least partly mediated by mechanosensory channels. The assumption about the possible direction of evolution in the singing and non-singing groups of crickets was made.

1 aLunichkin, A., M.1 aZhemchuzhnikov, M., K.1 aKnyazev, A., N. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1134/S001387381605003100454nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245005600054210005300110260001600163300001400179490000700193100001900200700002300219856006600242 2016 eng d a0960982200aSignal Evolution: 'Shaky' Evidence for Sensory Bias0 aSignal Evolution Shaky Evidence for Sensory Bias cJan-01-2016 aR78 - R800 v261 aPascoal, Sonia1 aBailey, Nathan, W. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098221501439601763nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260001600227300000900243490000700252520101500259653001601274653002601290653001601316653002301332653002001355653001301375100002301388700001701411700002101428856007201449 2016 eng d a0367-504100aNew field data for old museum specimens: A peculiar cricket (Grylloidea, Orthoptera) from SW Spain0 aNew field data for old museum specimens A peculiar cricket Gryll cJan-27-2016 ae0450 v723 a

We obtained the first records of Sciobia (Thilptoblemus) natalia in Europe after a single record from Algeciras (Spain), about one century ago. We found the species in Tarifa, Benelup-Casas Viejas and Alcalá de los Gazules (Cádiz province) in plots with open land and herbaceous vegetation of wasteland, cattle states, edges of agricultural land, and hedgerows of pathways and local roads. The species may be common locally, in late spring. It may coexist with Sciobia (Thliptoblemus) caliendrum although the later presents a wider ecological spectrum whereas S. (T.) natalia prefers dense vegetation in more humid soils. Acoustic analyses indicate that the song of both species are very different, making field identification feasible. S. (T.) natalia may however easily go unnoticed among populations of the more conspicuous S. (T.) caliendrum. We discuss possible reasons why this species has gone unnoticed so far and factors that may pose at risk the maintenance of its populations.

10acoexistence10aEuropean distribution10aoscillogram10aSciobia caliendrum10aSciobia natalia10asonogram1 aCordero, Pedro, J.1 aCordero, Pau1 aOrtego, Joaquín uhttp://graellsia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/graellsia/issue/view/4502700nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260002000258300001400278490000700292520196200299653002302261653001702284653001502301653001502316100001902331700001602350700001502366700002002381856006902401 2016 eng d a0046-225X00aThe Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Song Evolution of the Monotypic Genus U. Tarbinsky, 1932 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aComplete Mitochondrial Genome and Song Evolution of the Monotypi cOct-19-20162019 a737 - 7460 v453 a

The insect Uvarovites inflatus Uvarov is highly appreciated in China. It is known for its distinctive songs and horn-like forewings and is raised commercially for insect lovers. U. inflatus was previously categorized as part of the mono- typic genus Uvarovites; however, there was little molecular evidence to support this taxonomic classification. This study obtained and investigated the mitogenome of U. inflatus, and its songs were characterized and compared with other Ensifera species whose mitogenomes are available. By performing the mitochondrial analysis, we were able to assess the phylogenetic relationships between these species and discuss the evolution of Ensifera calling songs. The mitogenome of U. inflatus is 15,956bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region. The organization and orientation of the U. inflatus mitogenome are similar to those of other Tettigonioidea species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 13 protein-coding genes showed that the superfamily Tettigonioidea is monophyletic, as are the other six tested subfamilies from Tettigonioidea. Our results also indicated that Grylloidea is monophyletic. A Bayesian relaxed clock analysis showed that the differentiation of U. inflatus and Gampsocleis gratiosa Brunner occurred in the middle Miocene, suggesting that their speciation occurred over a long evolutionary period. The results provide significant support for the establishment of the monotypic genus Uvarovites. Calling song analysis showed that at least two discrete steps of independent evolution occurred during the change from pure tone to broadband noise, and that the ancestor of existing Ensifera was more likely to have emitted pure-tone songs than broadband signals. Together, the mitogenome, molecular clock, and acoustic data allowed us to clarify the taxonomic state of U. inflatus and propose a timeline for the evolution of Ensifera songs.

10aadaptive evolution10ainsect songs10amitogenome10aOrthoptera1 aWang, Yinliang1 aZhao, Hanbo1 aZhang, Xue1 aRen, Bing-Zhong uhttps://academic.oup.com/ee/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ee/nvw03102125nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260001600240300000800256490000900264520137700273653001401650653001501664653003301679653002701712100001801739700001501757700001501772700001901787700002001806856005701826 2016 eng d a1175-532600aMicromorphological differentiation of left and right stridulatory apparatus in crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)0 aMicromorphological differentiation of left and right stridulator cDec-06-2017 a5530 v41273 a

The present study compared micromorphological differentiation of stridulatory apparatus between the functional right tegmen and non-functional left tegmen, analyzed under scanning electron microscope (SEM), among eight Gryllidae species. The results showed that the main differences were found on the length and shape of files and teeth. The length of stridulatory file and teeth number were lower on the left stridulatory apparatus than that on right stridulatory apparatus in all species. However, the ratio between the length of stridulatory teeth and the interval of stridulatory teeth was significantly higher on the left stridulatory apparatus than that on right stridulatory apparatus in Dianemobius fascipes, Polionemobius taprobanensis, Pteronemobius gifuensis, Teleogryllus occipitalis and Oecanthus longicauda. In addition, the length of stridulatory teeth was positively related to number of stridulatory teeth, however, the interval of stridulatory teeth was negatively related to the ratio between the length of stridulatory teeth and the interval of stridulatory teeth for left and right stridulatory apparatus. Our result illustrated that the length of left and right stridulatory file and teeth length could be an effective character to distinguish species. Left stridulatory apparatus was not entirely degraded than right stridulatory apparatus.

10aGryllidae10aOrthoptera10ascanning electron microscope10astridulatory apparatus1 aLI, XIAOQIANG1 aZhang, Xue1 aLuo, Wenqi1 aWang, Yinliang1 aRen, Bing-Zhong uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4127.302861nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245010200054210006900156260001600225300001400241490000600255520200300261653003302264653001702297653003102314653001202345653001702357653001102374100002302385700001402408700002502422700002702447700002102474700002202495856006602517 2016 eng d a2351989400aLarge-scale semi-automated acoustic monitoring allows to detect temporal decline of bush-crickets0 aLargescale semiautomated acoustic monitoring allows to detect te cJan-04-2016 a208 - 2180 v63 a

Monitoring biodiversity over large spatial and temporal scales is crucial to assess the impact of global changes and environmental mitigation measures. However, large-scale monitoring of invertebrates remains poorly developed despite the importance of these organisms in ecosystem functioning. The development of new recording techniques and new methods of automatic species recognition based on sound detection and easily applicable within a citizen-science framework, offers interesting possibilities. However, the value of such protocols has not been tested for the study of temporal trends on a large spatial scale.

We used an acoustic region-wide citizen-monitoring program of Orthoptera, conducted along roads, to assess the relevance of automatic species recognition methods to detect temporal trends while taking into account spatial and seasonal patterns of two Orthoptera species activity (Tettigonia viridissima Linnaeus, 1758, and Ruspolia nitidula Scopoli, 1786) at a large scale. Additionally, we tested the effect of climate and land-use variables on spatio-temporal abundance patterns using generalized linear mixed models. We found negative temporal trends for the two species across the survey period (2006–2012). The spatial variations were largely explained by the geoclimatic conditions and, to a lesser extent, by land use (negative effects of urbanization). The temporal variations were highly correlated to the climatic conditions of the year, and of the previous year (nonlinear effect of temperature, precipitation).

To our knowledge, this paper describes the first successful attempt to calculate large-scale temporal trends of insect populations on the basis of an automatic identification process of acoustic data. We argue that acoustic monitoring along roads, coupled with the automatic recognition of species sounds, offers several advantages for assessing Orthoptera biodiversity response to global changes and environmental measures.

10aautomated signal recognition10abioacoustics10acitizen monitoring program10aClimate10aTettigoniida10atrends1 aJeliazkov, Alienor1 aBas, Yves1 aKerbiriou, Christian1 aJulien, Jean-François1 aPenone, Caterina1 aLe Viol, Isabelle uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S235198941530032902284nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245015400054210006900208260001600277300001200293490000800305520141800313653001701731653001701748653001701765653002901782653001401811653001601825653001501841100002401856700001901880700002001899700003301919856006601952 2016 eng d a0044523100aWing mechanics, vibrational and acoustic communication in a new bush-cricket species of the genus Copiphora (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Colombia0 aWing mechanics vibrational and acoustic communication in a new b cJan-07-2016 a55 - 650 v2633 a

Male bush-crickets produce acoustic signals by wing stridulation to call females. Several species also alternate vibratory signals with acoustic calls for intraspecific communication, a way to reduce risk of detection by eavesdropping predators. Both modes of communication have been documented mostly in neotropical species, for example in the genus Copiphora. In this article, we studied vibratory and acoustic signals and the biophysics of wing resonance in Copiphora vigorosa, a new species from the rainforest of Colombia. Different from other Copiphora species in which the acoustic signals have been properly documented as pure tones, C. vigorosa males produce a complex modulated broadband call peaking at ca. 30 kHz. Since males of this species do rarely sing, we also report that substratum vibrations have been adopted in this species as a persistent communication channel. Wing resonances and substratum vibrations were measured using a μ-scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry. We found that the stridulatory areas of both wings exhibit a relatively broad-frequency response and the combined vibration outputs fits with the calling song spectrum breadth. The broadband calling song spectrum results from several wing resonances activated simultaneously during stridulation. Under laboratory conditions the calling song duty cycle is very low and males spend more time tremulating than singing.

10abioacoustics10abiotremology10abush-cricket10alaser Doppler vibrometer10aresonance10atremulation10aultrasound1 aSarria-S, Fabio, A.1 aBuxton, Kallum1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004452311630058401893nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001300041245010200054210006900156260001600225300001800241490000700259520129300266100002101559700002101580700002301601700002101624856006601645 2016 eng d a0960982200aAuditory fovea in the ear of a duetting katydid shows male-specific adaptation to the female call0 aAuditory fovea in the ear of a duetting katydid shows malespecif cJan-12-2016 aR1222 - R12230 v263 a

Convergent evolution has led to surprising functional and mechanistic similarities between the vertebrate cochlea and some katydid ears 1 ;  2. Here we report on an ‘auditory fovea’ (Figure 1A) in the duetting katydid Ancylecha fenestrata (Tettigoniidae). The auditory fovea is a specialized inner-ear region with a disproportionate number of receptor cells tuned to a narrow frequency range, and has been described in the cochlea of some vertebrates, such as bats and mole rats 3 ;  4. In tonotopically organized ears, the location in the hearing organ of the optimal neuronal response to a tone changes gradually with the frequency of the stimulation tone. However, in the ears of A. fenestrata, the sensory cells in the auditory fovea are tuned to the dominant frequency of the female call; this area of the hearing organ is extensively expanded in males to provide an overrepresentation of this behaviorally important auditory input. Vertebrates developed an auditory fovea for improved prey or predator detection. In A. fenestrata, however, the foveal region facilitates acoustic pair finding, and the sexual dimorphism of sound-producing and hearing organs reflects the asymmetry in the mutual communication system between the sexes ( Figures 1B, S1).

1 aScherberich, Jan1 aHummel, Jennifer1 aSchöneich, Stefan1 aNowotny, Manuela uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098221631261100571nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245011700054210006900171260001600240300001400256490000800270100002400278700002600302700001900328856006600347 2016 eng d a0003347200aInstantaneous song modification in response to fluctuating traffic noise in the tree cricket Oecanthus pellucens0 aInstantaneous song modification in response to fluctuating traff cJan-02-2016 a187 - 1940 v1121 aOrci, Kirill, Márk1 aPetróczki, Krisztina1 aBarta, Zoltán uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721500449200557nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260001600252300001200268490000700280100002200287700001700309700002200326856005100348 2016 eng d a1082-646700aThe Pink Katydids of Sabah (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae: Eulophophyllum) with Description of Two New Species0 aPink Katydids of Sabah Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Phaneropterinae  cJan-12-2016 a67 - 740 v251 aIngrisch, Sigfrid1 aRiede, Klaus1 aBeccaloni, George uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1665/034.025.020500322nas a2200121 4500008004100000022002200041245001700063210001700080260002500097300001100122100002600133856004100159 2016 eng d a978-2-9537533-9-400aBioacoustics0 aBioacoustics aCannesbEdition GEEM a77-1001 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/it/node/1518301923nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203300000800272490000900280520101600289653001401305653001601319653002701335653001701362653001001379653001501389653001601404653002401420653002901444653001301473100002101486700002401507700002201531700002301553856005701576 2016 eng d a1175-532600aCicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Camiguin of Mindanao Province and Dinagat Island in the Philippines, with a new genus and three new species0 aCicadas Hemiptera Cicadidae from Camiguin of Mindanao Province a a1870 v40973 a

This paper provides the first faunal checklist for the family Cicadidae (Hemiptera) from Camiguin of Mindanao Province and Dinagat Island in the Philippines, comprising ten species belonging to nine genera. Cryptotympana shillana Lee & Mohagan sp. nov., Orientopsaltria inermis (Stål, 1870), Purana crassinotata Lee, 2015, and Huechys parvula Haupt, 1924 are recorded for the first time from Camiguin. Platypleura dinagatensis Lee sp. nov., Chremistica kyoungheeae Lee, 2010, Dundubia vaginata (Fabricius, 1787), Oncotympana pallidiventris Stål, 1870, and Philipsalta nigrina Lee, Marshall & Hill sp. nov. are newly recorded from Dinagat Island. A new genus Philipsalta Lee, Marshall & Hill gen. nov. is erected. Huechysini Distant, 1905 syn. nov. is synonymized with Cicadettini Buckton, 1889. Information on geographic distributions of the Camiguin and Dinagat species is also provided.

10achecklist10aCicadettini10aCryptotympana shillana10adistribution10afauna10aHuechysini10aPhilipsalta10aPhilipsalta nigrina10aPlatypleura dinagatensis10ataxonomy1 aLee, Young, June1 aMarshall, David, C.1 aMohagan, Alma, B.1 aHill, Kathy, B. R. uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4097.2