@article {52680, title = {The spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Listroscelidinae): anatomical study of the genus}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3666}, year = {2013}, month = {Apr-06-2013}, pages = {591}, abstract = {

This paper provides some observations on the anatomy of the neotropical katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides Karny (In- secta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Arachnoscelis is a genus of predaceous katydids that comprise species that resemble spi- ders in their general body appearance. The type species, A. arachnoids, was described in 1891 from a single male collected in Colombia. Following the original description, these creatures were never found again, and were thought to have gone extinct or mistakenly assigned to the type locality. But between 1891 and 2012 four more species were described and in- correctly assigned to Arachnoscelis based on a similarity of body form. In this paper we present an anatomical comparai- son of Arachnoscelis and its relatives, and propose that Arachnoscelis should be treated as a monotypic genus. This implies that other species previously described in Arachnoscelis, should be placed in different genera.

}, keywords = {bushcricket, Colombia, predator, stridulation, ultrasound}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3666.410.11646/zootaxa.3666.4.11}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3666.4}, author = {Montealegre-Z, Fernando and Cadena-Castaneda, Oscar J. and Benedict D. Chivers} } @article {51475, title = {Wing resonances in a new dead-leaf-mimic katydid (Tettigoniidae: Pterochrozinae) from the Andean cloud forests}, journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology}, volume = {270}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-09-2017}, pages = {60 - 70}, abstract = {

Day-camouflaged leaf-mimic katydids Typophyllum spp. have a remarkable way of evading predators as male and female forewings appear as bite-damaged leaves complete with necrotic spots. As in all other katydids, males produce sound signals to attract females by rubbing their forewings together. The biophysical properties of these special leaf-like forewings remain obscure. Here we study the wing mechanics and resonances of Typophyllum spurioculis, a new species of leaf-mimic katydid with a broad distribution in the Andes from Western Ecuador to the middle Central Cordillera in Colombia. This species performs an unusual laterally directed aposematic display, showing orange spots that simulate eyes at the leg base. At night, males are conspicuous by their loud, audible calling songs, which exhibit two spectral peaks at ca. 7 and 12 kHz. Using micro-scanning laser Doppler vibrometry we find the effective sound radiators of the wings (speculae) vibrate with three modes of vibration, two of which include the frequencies observed in the calling song. Remarkably, this resonance is preserved in the parts of the wings mimicking necrotic leaves, which are in theory not specialised for sound production. The eyespot function is discussed.

}, keywords = {bush-cricket, katydid, mimetism, resonance, stridulation}, issn = {00445231}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcz.2017.10.001}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044523117300748}, author = {Baker, Andrew and Sarria-S, Fabio A. and Glenn K. Morris and Jonsson, Thorin and Montealegre-Z, Fernando} } @article {11176, title = {True Katydids (Pseudophyllinae) from Guadeloupe: Acoustic Signals and Functional Considerations of Song Production}, journal = {Journal of Insect Science}, volume = {13}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-12-2013}, pages = {1 - 16}, abstract = {

Guadeloupe, the largest of the Leeward Islands, harbors three species of Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) belonging to distinct tribes. This study examined the basic aspects of sound production and acousto-vibratory behavior of these species. As the songs of many Pseudophyllinae are complex and peak at high frequencies, they require high quality recordings. Wild specimens were therefore recorded ex situ. Collected specimens were used in structure-function experiments. Karukerana aguilari Bonfils (Pterophyllini) is a large species with a mirror in each tegmen and conspicuous folds over the mirror. It sings 4\–6 syllables, each comprising 10\–20 pulses, with several peaks in the frequency spectrum between 4 and 20 kHz. The song is among the loudest in Orthoptera (\> 125 dB SPL in 10 cm distance). The folds are protective and have no function in song production. Both mirrors may work independently in sound radiation. Nesonotus reticulatus (Fabricius) (Cocconotini) produces verses from two syllables at irregular intervals. The song peaks around 20 kHz. While singing, the males often produce a tremulation signal with the abdomen at about 8\–10 Hz. To our knowledge, it is the first record of simultaneous calling song and tremulation in Orthoptera. Other males reply to the tremulation with their own tremulation. Xerophyllopteryx fumosa (Brunner von Wattenwyl) (Pleminiini) is a large, bark-like species, producing a syllable of around 20 pulses. The syllables are produced with irregular rhythms (often two with shorter intervals). The song peaks around 2\–3 kHz and 10 kHz. The hind wings are relatively thick and are held between the half opened tegmina during singing. Removal of the hind wings reduces song intensity by about 5 dB, especially of the low frequency component, suggesting that the hind wings have a role in amplifying the song.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, bush-cricket, stridulation}, issn = {1536-2442}, doi = {10.1673/031.013.15701}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1673/031.013.15701}, author = {Stumpner, Andreas and Dann, Angela and Schink, Matthias and Gubert, Silvia and Hugel, Sylvain} } @article {11175, title = {Ultrasonic reverse stridulation in the spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Listrosceledinae)}, journal = {Bioacoustics}, volume = {23}, year = {2014}, month = {Feb-01-2014}, pages = {67 - 77}, abstract = {

This paper illustrates the biomechanics of sound production in the neotropical predaceous katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Described and previously known from only one male specimen, this genus of predaceous katydids resembles spiders in their general body appearance. To call distant females, male katydids produce songs by stridulation where one forewing possessing a sclerotized file rubs against a row of teeth (scraper) on the other wing. In most katydid species, the songs are produced during the wing-closing phase of the stridulation. Morphological comparative studies of the stridulatory apparatus of the type specimen of Arachnoscelis arachnoides and males of other closely related species suggest that this insect sings with a frequency of ca. 80 kHz to attract conspecific females. We found an abundant population of A. arachnoides in Central Northeast of Colombia and undertook a complete analysis of the biomechanics of stridulation in this species. Using ultrasound-sensitive equipment and high-speed video, we determined that male A. arachnoides sing at ca. 74 kHz and use elastic energy and wing deformation to reach such ultrasonic frequencies. In contrast to most katydids, males of this species produce their calls during the opening phase of the wing; this form of stridulation is discussed.

}, keywords = {biomechanics, Colombia, elastic energy, stridulation, ultrasound}, issn = {0952-4622}, doi = {10.1080/09524622.2013.816639}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.2013.816639}, author = {Benedict D. Chivers and Jonsson, Thorin and Cadena-Castaneda, Oscar J. and Fernando Montealegre-Zapata} } @article {11173, title = {Panoploscelis specularis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae): extraordinary female sound generator, male description, male protest and calling signals}, journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2003}, month = {Jan-12-2003}, pages = {173 - 181}, abstract = {

Females of Panoploscelis specularis present a dramatic modification of their forewings for stridulation. The female generator is illustrated and its distinct form contrasted with that of males. The physical form of the signals that females might produce is inferred; male calling and protest signals are characterized. The male of P. specularis is described for the first time.

}, keywords = {acoustics, Colombia, defense, Ecuador, katydid, stridulation}, issn = {1082-6467}, doi = {10.1665/1082-6467(2003)012[0173:PSOTPE]2.0.CO;2}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/1082-6467\%282003\%29012\%5B0173\%3APSOTPE\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2}, author = {Fernando Montealegre-Zapata and Guerra, Patrick A. and Glenn K. Morris} }