02246nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260001600217300001400233490000700247520167900254100002801933700002701961700003001988856005802018       2018                        eng d  a1519-139700aThe advertisement call of two species of the Rhinella granulosa group (Anura: Bufonidae)0 aadvertisement call of two species of the Rhinella granulosa grou  cJun-12-2019  a255 - 2650 v173 a<p>The advertisement call of two species of the Rhinella granulosa group (Anura: Bufonidae). The group of Rhinella granulosa presently harbors 14 species distributed in Central and South America. The advertisement calls of 12 species have been described. Herein, we provide data on the calls of R. granulosa and R. merianae recorded in populations far from locations of previous call descriptions, and we discuss possible causes of differences found. We used recordings of R. granulosa from the interior of Bahia State and recordings of R. merianae from Roraima. For both, calls consist of a long-lasting trill of four-pulsed notes. Rhinella granulosa calls last 3.7&ndash;9.6 s, have 121&ndash;283 notes, each lasting 19&ndash;25 ms released at a rate of 29.2&ndash;34.7/s, and with dominant frequency peaking between 2472&ndash;2809 Hz. Rhinella merianae calls last 4.0&ndash;7.1, have 153&ndash;217 notes, each lasting 17&ndash;20 ms, released at a rate of 37.7&ndash;39.5/s, and with dominant frequency peaking between 2959&ndash;3189 Hz. Both species are distinguished from most other species of the R. granulosa species group by the combination of pulse number and dominant frequency. Our data on R. granulosa differed (p &lt; 0.05) in call duration and/or in dominant frequency from specimens from Natal (Rio Grande do Norte state) and Cabaceiras (Para&iacute;ba state). Our data on R. merianae appear to differ in dominant frequency from the only call (a single male) known from the Amazon River bank. The differences we found between our data and published call data suggest that further study of calls of additional populations of these species is warranted.</p>
1 aGiaretta, Ariovaldo, A.1 aHaga, Isabelle, Aquemi1 ade Andrade, Felipe, Silva  uhttp://www.revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/15294602418nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260001600251300000800267490000900275520156600284653002101850653001301871653001401884653001101898653001901909653002001928653001801948100002601966700002901992700002802021856011502049       2018                        eng d  a1175-532600aGeographic variation in the advertisement call of Trachycephalus typhonius Anura: Hylidae) based on South American samples0 aGeographic variation in the advertisement call of Trachycephalus  cFeb-11-2019  a4040 v45213 a<p>Previously described calls of Trachycephalus typhonius (Linnaeus, 1758) correspond to several populations from Central and South America, but in general, these descriptions were brief and often based on a single recorded individual. Here, based on an expressive sample, we re-describe the advertisement calls of T. typhonius using recordings from populations in Brazil and Argentina. Additionally, we discuss geographical variation of calls, comment on their frequency band structure and compare calls with those described for other species of Trachycephalus. Calls of 32 males were recorded and temporal and spectral features of 269 calls were measured. To search for discrimination among three populations sampled we used the Random Forest (RF) model, Multidimensional Scaling Analysis (MDS) and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test. The advertisement calls of T. typhonius consist of a multipulsed note of 343&ndash;540 ms of duration, emitted at regular intervals, with up to three emphasized frequency bands. Dominant frequency ranged between 1705&ndash;2750 Hz. Calls from Rond&ocirc;nia (Brazil) were significantly different from those recorded in Argentina and Minas Gerais (Brazil) in relation to pulse rate and dominant frequency. Populations from Minas Gerais and Argentina differed in dominant frequency of calls. Such population differences can be partly attributed to differences in prevalence of calling sites (immersed in water vs. perches on vegetation), but can also hint at the existence of cryptic species diversity under this taxon.</p>
10aAmazon Milk Frog10aAmphibia10aArgentina10aBrazil10acall structure10adifferentiation10avocalizations1 aZaracho, Víctor Hugo1 aAguiar, Leonardo, Dionel1 aGiaretta, Ariovaldo, A.  uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4521.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4521.3.6