02802nas a2200217 4500008004100000245008000041210007100121520213700192653002102329653001702350653001602367653001802383653002002401653002302421100002902444700001802473700002002491700001402511700001802525856004102543 2022 eng d00aSpatial dynamics of soundscapes and biodiversity in a semi‐arid landscape0 aSpatial dynamics of soundscapes and biodiversity in a semi‐arid 3 a

Context
Semi-arid landscapes are naturally hetero- geneous with several factors influencing this varia- tion. Fauna responses and adaptations vary in xeric environments, and the scale of observation is impor- tant. Biodiversity monitoring at several scales can be challenging, and acoustics are an alternative to this issue.

Objectives
We investigated how audible biodiver- sity is influenced by environmental factors (e.g.: veg- etation metrics, climatic variables, etc.) across a fine spatial scale, aiming to provide a better understand- ing of the variation in audible species across record- ing locations placed close together. These results will improve the current knowledge on ecoacoustics as a tool for measuring ecological processes in this biome, and better inform conservation plans.

Methods
We collected data in the semi-arid region in Queensland, Australia placing 24 recorders 200 m apart for 48 h. We also sampled environmental attributes (e.g.: temperature and vegetation structure metrics) and used acoustic indices in a time-series algorithm to categorise sound into classes. Bird spe- cies and feeding guilds were also identified.

Results We found significant differences between proximate sensors, demonstrating that soundscape differences occur across fine spatial scales. Birds and insects were the predominant biophonic sound observed and both groups were associated with shrub cover and subcanopy height. Environments with higher shrub and subcanopy cover had a higher per- centage of all birds’ feeding guilds and insects. Sixty- three bird species were identified, including a threat- ened bird species in Queensland.

Conclusion
We show biodiversity is influenced by vegetation heterogeneity across fine spatial scales in semi-arid regions, identifying which attributes sus- tain higher levels of biodiversity activity. Our study reveals the practicality of acoustic surveys for this biodiversity monitoring by covering a large area in 48 h. However, we caution that scale is an important consideration when designing surveys.

10aacoustic indices10abiodiversity10aShrub cover10aSpatial scale10aSubcanopy cover10aVegetation mosaics1 aScarpelli, Marina, D. A.1 aTucker, David1 aDoohan, Brendan1 aRoe, Paul1 aFuller, Susan uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/node/5846801716nas a2200169 4500008004100000245017000041210006900211520106600280653001701346653001701363653002101380653001301401653001901414653001601433100003101449856006601480 2020 eng d00aTainacanthus ferox, a remarkable new genus and species of katydids from the high mountains of Hispaniola (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae: Polyancistrini)0 aTainacanthus ferox a remarkable new genus and species of katydid3 a

The new genus and species of Polyancistrini katydids Tainacanthus ferox gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in the highest mountains of the Dominican Republic, island of Hispaniola. This is the third genus of Polyancistrini known from Hispaniola and the seventh genus of the tribe. Tainacanthus is distinctive due to the unique architecture of its pronotum, which is a large and bulbous shield with an extended metazona that covers and protects the stridulatory apparatus surrounded by a relatively small number of large and sharp spines. Additionally, all legs are armed with larger and more robust spines than those of Polyancistrus Audinet-Serville, 1831, its most likely closest relative. Tainacanthus inhabits the highest mountains of the Dominican Cordillera Central at over 2,400 m above sea level, living among hard-leaf evergreen vegetation interspersed with pine forests. The type locality is included within the Armando Bermúdez National Park, one of the most important protected areas in the Dominican Republic.

10abiodiversity10adistribution10aGreater Antilles10ataxonomy10aTettigonioidea10aWest Indies1 aPerez-Gelabert, Daniel, E. uhttp://novitatescaribaea.do/index.php/novitates/issue/view/1802769nas a2200205 4500008004100000245011800041210006900159520205100228653003002279653001702309653002602326653002102352100002302373700002402396700001702420700001502437700002202452700002202474856006702496 2020 eng d00aAcoustic Complexity Index to assess benthic biodiversity of a partially protected area in the southwest of the UK0 aAcoustic Complexity Index to assess benthic biodiversity of a pa3 a

The soundscape of the marine environment is a relatively understudied area of ecology that has the potential to provide large amounts of information on biodiversity, reproductive behaviour, habitat selection, spawning and predator–prey interactions. Biodiversity is often visually assessed and used as a proxy for ecosystem health. Visual assessment using divers or remote video methods can be expensive, and limited to times of good weather and water visibility. Previous studies have concluded that acoustic measures, such as the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), correlate with visual biodiversity estimates and offer an alternative to assess ecosystem health.

Here, the ACI measured over 5 years in a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the UK, Lyme Bay, was analysed alongside another monitoring method, Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVs). Two treatments were sampled annually in the summer from 2014 until 2018 with sites inside the MPA, as well as Open Control sites outside of the MPA.

Year by year correlations, which have been used elsewhere to test ACI, showed significant correlations with Number of Species and ACI. However, the sign of these correlations changed almost yearly, showing that more in-depth analyses are needed.

Multivariate analysis of the benthic assemblage composition (from BRUVs) was carried out by Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) using Distance Matrices. Although not consistently correlating with univariate measures, the ACI was significantly interacting with the changing benthic assemblage composition, as it changed over time and protection (Inside vs Outside the MPA).

ACI showed potential to allude to shifting benthic communities, yet with no consistency when used alongside univariate measures of diversity. Although it is not without its own disadvantages, and thus should be developed further before implementation, the ACI could potentially reflect more complex changes to the benthos than simply the overall diversity.

10aAcoustic Complexity Index10abiodiversity10aMarine Protected Area10aMonitoring Tools1 aDavies, Bede, F.R.1 aAttrill, Martin, J.1 aHolmes, Luke1 aRees, Adam1 aWitt, Matthew, J.1 aSheehan, Emma, V. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X1931015502781nas a2200181 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141520217000210653002102380653001702401653002302418653002102441653002202462653002202484100001902506700001302525856006102538 2019 eng d00aSource separation in ecoacoustics: A roadmap towards versatile soundscape information retrieval0 aSource separation in ecoacoustics A roadmap towards versatile so3 a

A comprehensive assessment of ecosystem dynamics requires the monitoring of biological, physical and social changes. Changes that cannot be observed visually may be trackable acoustically through soundscape analysis. Soundscapes vary greatly depending on geophysical events, biodiversity and human activities. However, retrieving source‐specific information from geophony, biophony and anthropophony remains a challenging task, due to interference by simultaneous sound sources. Audio source separation is a technique that aims to recover individual sound sources when only mixtures are accessible. Here, we review techniques of monoaural audio source separation with the fundamental theories and assumptions behind them. Depending on the availability of prior information about the source signals, the task can be approached as a blind source separation or a model‐based source separation. Most blind source separation techniques depend on assumptions about the behaviour of the source signals, and their performance may deteriorate when the assumptions fail. Model‐based techniques generally do not require specific assumptions, and the models are directly learned from labelled data. With the recent advances of deep learning, the model‐based techniques can yield state‐of‐the‐art separation performance, accordingly facilitate content‐based audio information retrieval. Source separation techniques have been adopted in several ecoacoustic applications to evaluate the contributions from biodiversity and anthropogenic disturbance to soundscape dynamics. They can also be employed as nonlinear filters to improve the recognition of bioacoustic signals. To effectively retrieve ecological information from soundscapes, source separation is a crucial tool. We believe that the future integrations of ecological hypotheses and deep learning can realize a high‐performance source separation for ecoacoustics, and accordingly improve soundscape‐based ecosystem monitoring. Therefore, we outline a roadmap for applying source separation to assist in soundscape information retrieval and hope to promote cross‐disciplinary collaboration.

10aacoustic habitat10abiodiversity10aecosystem dynamics10amachine learning10apassive acoustics10aSignal processing1 aLin, Tzu‐Hao1 aTsao, Yu uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/rse2.14102252nas a2200181 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146520164300215653002101858653001701879653001701896653001501913653001801928653001401946100002101960700001801981856007101999 2019 eng d00aA soundscape assessment of the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature Reserve in the Central Apennines, Italy0 asoundscape assessment of the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature Reser3 a

Ecoacoustics investigates natural and anthropogenic sounds and their relationship with the environment. It is a powerful tool for biodiversity monitoring, management and conservation and also with regards to the global climate change issue. This study, based on data collected in 2017, describes for the first time the soundscape of the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature Reserve (INR) in Italy, an area characterised by the almost absence of anthropogenic noise, where we selected three recording sites within and adjacent the reserve. We adopted a double approach: one qualitative, based on visual screening of compact daily spectrograms; the other quantitative, by generating acoustic indices. In general, all sites are characterised by quiet nights and very acoustically dense daylight hours, with a composite biophony occupying the range 1500–9000 Hz. Moreover, the principal component analysis shows that the sites inside and outside the reserve are well differentiated and distinctly clustered, which could be due to their spatial heterogeneity and to the biophony’s different contributions. In this case, our results agree with the recognition of sonic patterns, or sonotopes, related to the different overlapping of biotic and abiotic sonic agents. The long-term acoustic data collection allows a reference repository to be built for monitoring the INR’s biophony status and evolution: as any human presence or intervention is currently prohibited, only external global changes could be considered as possible factors influencing any shift in the species’ presence and distribution inside the reserve.

10aacoustic indices10abiodiversity10aecoacoustics10amonitoring10aNational Park10asonotopes1 aRighini, Roberta1 aPavan, Gianni uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14888386.2019.169622902413nas a2200253 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169520160500238653001701843653001001860653000901870653001101879653001501890100002101905700002501926700001801951700002001969700002201989700002402011700002002035700002202055700002102077856006102098 2019 eng d00aPassive monitoring of phenological acoustic patterns reveals the sound of the camouflage grouper, Epinephelus polyphekadion0 aPassive monitoring of phenological acoustic patterns reveals the3 a

1. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a non‐invasive technique that uses hydro- phones to monitor populations and ecosystem dynamics. Although many applica- tions of PAM have been developed in recent years, it has never been used to identify a calling marine species.
2. ThesouthpassofFakaravaAtoll,FrenchPolynesia,hostsspawningeventsofmany reef fish species, including the camouflage grouper Epinephelus polyphekadion, with a spawning aggregation abundance exceeding 17 000 individuals during the full moons of June and July.
3. The current study aimed to use PAM to distinguish camouflage grouper sounds among the vocal activities of all fish recorded during the aggregation periods. Audio recordings analysis resulted in the identification of 29 sound types, some of which showed diel and lunar patterns.
4. Temporal analysis of these sounds in relation to spawning activities allowed the identification of camouflage grouper calls. These calls can be described as a single pulse or a series of ‘boom(s)’ with a pulse duration of ~44 ms and a low dominant frequency of 103 ± 31 Hz. Video recordings show that the camouflage grouper pro- duces the ‘booms’ to initialize spawner ascent and to promote synchronous gamete release into the water column.
5. The study highlights for the first time that PAM can be used to identify the previ- ously unknown sound of a fish species. Moreover, we can use it to understand the phenology of some biological activities for improving the resolution of fish bio- diversity assessments.

10abiodiversity10acoral10afish10alagoon10amonitoring1 aJublier, Noémie1 aBertucci, Frédéric1 aKéver, Loïc1 aColleye, Orphal1 aBallesta, Laurent1 aNemeth, Richard, S.1 aLecchini, David1 aRhodes, Kevin, L.1 aParmentier, Eric uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aqc.324201821nas a2200277 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260001600219300000800235490000700243520084100250653002301091653001701114653001701131653002501148653002001173653001401193100002801207700002001235700002801255700002301283700002601306700002601332700002801358856015701386 2019 eng d00aA New Cryptic Species of the Adenomera andreae Clade from Southwestern Amazonia (Anura, Leptodactylidae)0 aNew Cryptic Species of the Adenomera andreae Clade from Southwes cJan-09-2019 a2330 v753 a

We describe a new Amazonian species of Adenomera that corresponds to one of the acoustic signals and morphs from Tambopata National Reserve (Adenomera ‘‘Forest Call I’’) and to a confirmed candidate species (Adenomera sp. E) in the most recently published phylogeny for the genus. The new species is distinguished from all 19 described congeners by its unique advertisement call, consisting of a single multipulsed note, formed by 22–35 partly fused pulses (greatest pulse number recorded for the genus among species with partly fused notes). The new species is further distinguished from most congeners in having toe tips expanded into small discs. Its distribution is associated with the Amazonian region encompassing western Brazil (state of Acre), southeastern Peru, and north-central Bolivia.

10aAmazon rain forest10abioacoustics10abiodiversity10aintegrative taxonomy10aLeptodactylinae10aTambopata1 aDe Carvalho, Thiago, R.1 aAngulo, Ariadne1 aKokubum, Marcelo, N. C.1 aBarrera, Diego, A.1 aDe Souza, Moisés, B.1 aHaddad, Célio, F. B.1 aGiaretta, Ariovaldo, A. uhttps://bioone.org/journals/herpetologica/volume-75/issue-3/D-18-00049/A-New-Cryptic-Species-of-the-Adenomera-andreae-Clade-from/10.1655/D-18-00049.full02822nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245010200054210006900156260001600225300001100241490000700252520184800259653002402107653003002131653001702161653001202178653002402190653002902214653002302243100002502266700002202291700002202313856023302335 2018 eng d a2351989400aPairing camera traps and acoustic recorders to monitor the ecological impact of human disturbance0 aPairing camera traps and acoustic recorders to monitor the ecolo cJan-10-2018 ae004930 v163 a

Over the past two decades, the use of camera traps and acoustic monitoring in the investigation of animal ecology have grown rapidly, with each technique enhancing broad-scale wildlife surveying. Camera traps are a cost-effective, noninvasive means of sampling communities of mid-to large-terrestrial species, and acoustic recording devices capture human sounds and sound-producing animals, including species of mammals, birds, anurans, and insects. Rarely are these techniques combined, despite the advantages of merging their respective strengths. Namely, camera traps paired with acoustic recorders can evaluate the abundance, distribution, and behavior of multiple guilds and trophic levels across landscapes while concurrently monitoring multiple human stressors in real time. Moreover, integrating these approaches enhances detection accuracy and strengthens statistical inference at multiple survey scales. We conducted a literature review, and found only 13 studies that combine camera traps and acoustic recorders, 8 of which either compared the ability of each technique to detect species of interest or discussed the advantages of each technique. We outline potential questions that can be addressed by pairing acoustic recorders and camera traps, including enabling the simultaneous assessment of noise pollution and its impacts on mammal and avian communities. Furthermore, we discuss how the analysis of data from each technique face similar challenges; thus, simultaneous innovation offers the ability to apply solutions to both techniques and amplify their respective strengths. Digital technologies and big data are changing nature conservation in increasingly profound ways and integration of camera traps and acoustic recorders will facilitate new, transformative discoveries to meet modern conservation challenges.

10aacoustic monitoring10aAnthropogenic disturbance10abiodiversity10aCameras10aCommunity structure10aInventory and monitoring10aMultiple stressors1 aLendrum, Patrick, E.1 aCrooks, Kevin, R.1 aWittemyer, George uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989418303573https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2351989418303573?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2351989418303573?httpAccept=text/plain01998nam a2200253 4500008004100000020002200041022001400063245006900077210006900146260004400215300001400259490001000273520123900283653001701522653001701539653002301556100002001579700001401599700001701613700001901630700001801649700002201667856005501689 2018 eng d a978-3-030-03990-5 a0302-974300aInvestigation of Unsupervised Models for Biodiversity Assessment0 aInvestigation of Unsupervised Models for Biodiversity Assessment aChambSpringer International Publishing a160 - 1710 v113203 a

Significant animal species loss has been observed in recent decades due to habitat destruction, which puts at risk environmental integrity and biodiversity. Traditional ways of assessing biodiversity are limited in terms of both time and space, and have high cost. Since the presence of animals can be indicated by sound, recently acoustic recordings have been used to estimate species richness. Bioacoustic sounds are typically recorded in habitats for several weeks, so contain a large collection of different sounds. Birds are of particular interest due to their distinctive calls and because they are useful ecological indicators. To assess biodiversity, the task of manually determining how many different types of birds are present in such a lengthy audio is really cumbersome. Towards providing an automated support to this issue, in this paper we investigate and propose a clustering based approach to assist in automated assessment of biodiversity. Our approach first estimates the number of different species and their volumes which are used for deriving a biodiversity index. Experimental results with real data indicates that our proposed approach estimates the biodiversity index value close to the ground truth.

10abioacoustics10abiodiversity10aUnsupervised model1 aMitrovic, Tanja1 aXue, Bing1 aLi, Xiaodong1 aRao, KVSN Rama1 aGarg, Saurabh1 aMontgomery, James uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-03991-201936nas a2200229 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148300001000217490000700227520123300234653001701467653001701484653001301501653001901514653003901533653001501572653001501587653001301602653003201615100001801647856004101665 2005 eng d00aTHE INFLUENCE OF FIRE ON SALTATORIA DIVERSITY IN COASTAL HABITATS NEAR PANGANI, TANZANIA (EAST AFRICA)0 aINFLUENCE OF FIRE ON SALTATORIA DIVERSITY IN COASTAL HABITATS NE a53-610 v113 a

In burnt coastal grasslands, fire-disturbed forest remnants, and undisturbed coastal forests of the Pangani area (Tanzania) 61 Saltatoria species were recorded. Comparing open-land habitats with forest and forest edge habitats, diver- sity rises in open-land habitats, as nearly 60% of the recorded species were found within grasslands. However, the share of endemic and near-endemic species decreases, as only 5% of the species occurring in open-land habitats were endemics, 14% are distributed throughout East Africa, and the majority (81%) are widespread forms. Forest and forest edge habitats, on the other hand, had 60% endemic species, 32% species restricted to East Africa, and only 8% widespread Saltatoria. The majority of the coastal endemics are highly endangered by the ongoing destruction of indigenous forest. Tangana asymmetrica was one of the few coastal endemics that also occurred in fire-influenced forest remnants, while most other forest species were exclusively found in closed undisturbed forest communities of the Gendagenda forest reserve. The new record of Parepistaurus pygmaeus in the Gendagenda reserve offers an explanation of the hitherto disjunct distribution of this flightless species.

10abiodiversity10aconservation10aendemism10afire influence10aindigenous tropical lowland forest10aOrthoptera10aSaltatoria10aTanzania10atropical coastal grasslands1 aHemp, Claudia uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/node/5071701690nas a2200205 4500008004100000245006800041210006200109260001600171490000700187520095800194653001401152653001701166653001701183653001501200653000901215100002701224700002401251700001901275856019001294 2013 eng d00aThe Orthoptera (Insecta) from Middle and Lower Prut River Basin0 aOrthoptera Insecta from Middle and Lower Prut River Basin cJan-01-20130 v563 a

The ecological preferences and bioacoustics of bush-crickets, crickets and grasshoppers species were studied in middle and lower Prut River basin, a research conducted in 55 localities from Romania and 33 localities in the Republic of Moldova. A total number of 91 species of Orthoptera were collected in the study area: 85 species encountered on the western side of Prut River basin (9 Phaneropteridae, 24 Tettigoniidae, 1 Bradyporidae, 5 Gryllidae, 1 Gryllotalpidae, 1 Tridactylidae, 5 Tetrigidae, 39 Acrididae) and 76 species found on the eastern side (7 Phaneropteridae, 19 Tettigoniidae, 1 Bradyporidae, 5 Gryllidae, 1 Gryllotalpidae, 1 Tridactylidae, 3 Tetrigidae, 39 Acrididae). Four species are recorded for the first time in the Orthoptera fauna of the Republic of Moldova: Barbitistes constrictus (Fabricius), Poecilimon fussii Brunner von Wattenwyl, Metrioptera roeselii fedtschenkoi (Saussure) and Pholidoptera frivaldskyi (Herman).

10aacoustics10abiodiversity10adistribution10aOrthoptera10aPrut1 aIorgu, Ionuț, Ștefan1 aIorgu, Elena, Iulia1 aStahi, Nadejda uhttp://www.degruyter.com/view/j/travmu.2013.56.issue-2/travmu-2013-0012/travmu-2013-0012.xmlhttps://www.degruyter.com/view/j/travmu.2013.56.issue-2/travmu-2013-0012/travmu-2013-0012.pdf01436nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245007300054210006900127260001600196300001400212490000600226520081400232653001701046653001701063653001701080653001501097653001501112653002101127100001701148856005301165 1998 eng d a1366638X00aAcoustic monitoring of Orthoptera and its potential for conservation0 aAcoustic monitoring of Orthoptera and its potential for conserva cJan-01-1998 a217 - 2230 v23 a

Songs of Orthoptera can be used for inventorying and monitoring of individual species and communities. Acoustic parameters such as carrier frequency and pulse rates allow the definition of recognizable taxonomic units (RTUs) which help to overcome the taxonomic impediment due to our scanty knowledge, particularly of tropical faunas. Bioacoustic diversity is a first estimate for species richness and provides baseline data which can be a prerequisite for conservation. Additional ecological and behavioural information such as habitat preference and singing schedules can be inferred. Many Orthoptera are sensitive indicator species for habitat quality in temperate and tropical ecosystems. Examples are given for evaluation of habitat quality and deterioration by acoustic detection of Orthoptera.

10abioacoustics10abiodiversity10aconservation10amonitoring10aOrthoptera10atropical forests1 aRiede, Klaus uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1009695813606