01857nas a2200145 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200520126800269653003301537653002701570653002801597653001601625100002201641856004801663 1993 eng d00a‘Absolute steepness’ of ramps as an essential cue for auditory pattern recognition by a grasshopper (Orthoptera; Acrididae; Chorthippus biguttulus L.)0 aAbsolute steepness of ramps as an essential cue for auditory pat3 a

Male grasshoppers of the species Chorthippus biguttulus react to female songs with a characteristic turn towards the female. The probability of turning towards female song models was used to evaluate those parameters which are essential for a signal to be interpreted as female song.

1. The shape of sound pulses turned out to be most decisive; pulses with ramps rising gradually over 3 and more ms were efficient (Figs. 2, 3), whereas rectangularly modulated pulses evoked only weak responses and only when pulse intervals were between 3 and 5 ms (Fig. 2). The decline of a pulse did not influence its efficiency (Fig. 3). In particular, pulses with sudden onsets and gradual declines were as weakly effective as rectangularly modulated ones and thus remarkably less effective than pulses with ramp-like onsets (Fig. 4).

2. Intensity tuning curves suggest, that the absolute steepness of ramps (expressed as μbar/ms) is detected by the grasshopper nervous system (Figs. 6, 7), possibly by processing the delay in excitation onset of at least two receptor types differing in threshold sensitivity.

3. The sawtooth shape of pulses in female signals is suggested to be adaptive with respect to directional hearing.

10aAcoustic pattern recognition10aChorthippus biguttulus10aEnvelope of soundpulses10aGrasshopper1 avon Helversen, D. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0021368501634nas a2200109 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168520107300237100001901310700001301329856018201342 2004 eng d00aAutomated identification of field-recorded songs of four British grasshoppers using bioacoustic signal recognitionAbstract0 aAutomated identification of fieldrecorded songs of four British 3 a

Recognition of Orthoptera species by means of their song is widely used in field work but requires expertise. It is now possible to develop computer-based systems to achieve the same task with a number of advantages including continuous long term unattended operation and automatic species logging. The system described here achieves automated discrimination between different species by utilizing a novel time domain signal coding technique and an artificial neural network. The system has previously been shown to recognize 25 species of British Orthoptera with 99% accuracy for good quality sounds. This paper tests the system on field recordings of four species of grasshopper in northern England in 2002 and shows that it is capable of not only correctly recognizing the target species under a range of acoustic conditions but also of recognizing other sounds such as birds and man-made sounds. Recognition accuracies for the four species of typically 70–100% are obtained for field recordings with varying sound intensities and background signals.

1 aChesmore, E.D.1 aOhya, E. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007485304000331/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S000748530400033101894nas a2200217 4500008004100000245019700041210006900238520108100307653002601388653002001414653002801434653001701462653002201479653002401501653002001525653002001545653000901565100003101574700002201605856004901627 2019 eng d00aNew data on acoustic signals of Stauroderus scalaris (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from different local populations with a note about its parasite from the genus Blaesoxipha (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)0 aNew data on acoustic signals of Stauroderus scalaris Orthoptera 3 a

Calling acoustic signals of Stauroderus scalaris males are described for the first time, the oscillograms from Samarskaya Luka and the Republic of Tuva are published. Comparative analysis of parameters of calling signals of this species from different discrete populations (Western Europe, South Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia) was carried out. High degree of acoustic conservatism of sound signals of the dark-winged grasshopper is shown for the entire area. Moreover, a parasite fly of orthopteran insects, Blaesoxipha redempta, is reported for the first time on the territory of Samarskaya Luka (Zhiguli State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Bakhilova Polyana settlement). It is the first find of a representative of the genus Blaesoxipha in the reserve, emerged from a S. scalaris male specimen. Photographs of genital apparatus of the male fly specimen are given; it is well distinguished from closely related species by the shape of cerci and phallus. Possible infection strategy of the parasitic fly concerning acoustically active orthopteran hosts is discussed.

10aacoustic conservatism10acalling signals10adark-winged grasshopper10afirst record10ainvasion strategy10aorthopteran insects10aparasitic flies10aSamarskaya Luka10aTuva1 aBenediktov, Alexander, А.1 aBelyaev, Oleg, A. uhttp://ncr-journal.bear-land.org/article/17700888nas a2200121 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181300001400250490000700264520043900271100001500710856004100725 2012 eng d00aSong and morphology of some little known species of Gomphocerinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Turkey with description of a new species0 aSong and morphology of some little known species of Gomphocerina a127–1390 v233 a

Morphology and acoustic signals of four species of the subfamily Gompho- cerinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Turkey are studied. Eremippus zeybekoglui Mol sp. n. is described from Northern Anatolia. Gomphocerus transcaucasicus Mistshenko, 1951, stat. n. is considered as a distinct species, not a subspecies of Gomphocerus sibiricus (Linnaeus, 1767). Previously unknown male of Dasypippus uvarovi Karabag, 1953 is described.

1 aMol, Abbas uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/node/5355200888nas a2200121 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181300001400250490000700264520043900271100001500710856004100725 2012 eng d00aSong and morphology of some little known species of Gomphocerinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Turkey with description of a new species0 aSong and morphology of some little known species of Gomphocerina a127–1390 v233 a

Morphology and acoustic signals of four species of the subfamily Gompho- cerinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Turkey are studied. Eremippus zeybekoglui Mol sp. n. is described from Northern Anatolia. Gomphocerus transcaucasicus Mistshenko, 1951, stat. n. is considered as a distinct species, not a subspecies of Gomphocerus sibiricus (Linnaeus, 1767). Previously unknown male of Dasypippus uvarovi Karabag, 1953 is described.

1 aMol, Abbas uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/node/5355000888nas a2200121 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181300001400250490000700264520043900271100001500710856004100725 2012 eng d00aSong and morphology of some little known species of Gomphocerinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Turkey with description of a new species0 aSong and morphology of some little known species of Gomphocerina a127–1390 v233 a

Morphology and acoustic signals of four species of the subfamily Gompho- cerinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Turkey are studied. Eremippus zeybekoglui Mol sp. n. is described from Northern Anatolia. Gomphocerus transcaucasicus Mistshenko, 1951, stat. n. is considered as a distinct species, not a subspecies of Gomphocerus sibiricus (Linnaeus, 1767). Previously unknown male of Dasypippus uvarovi Karabag, 1953 is described.

1 aMol, Abbas uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/node/5355101911nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260001600235520126000251653002701511653001601538653001801554653001601572653002501588100002601613700002301639856005501662 2018 eng d a0340-759400aThe impact of age and egg-laying cycle on female grasshoppers’ preference functions for acoustic signals0 aimpact of age and egglaying cycle on female grasshoppers prefere cJan-12-20183 a

Female responsiveness and the shape of preference functions for male signal traits are important determinants for male mating success. We observed the responsiveness and the selectivity of virgin grasshopper females (Chorthippus biguttulus L.) for different features of males’ acoustic signals throughout their life span to detect possible influences of age on the females’ preference functions. In particular, we explored the hypothesis that the females may become less selective with increasing age and, therefore, would start to accept songs that are normally rejected. Such an age effect could relieve the selection pressure on male signal traits. In the majority of animals tested, the general responsiveness decreased with age although a few individuals exhibited an opposite trend. Contrary to the above expectation, there was no indication of a loss of selectivity in older females or an increased acceptance of normally unattractive song models. The timing within the oviposition cycle had a strong effect on responsiveness: near oviposition the general responsiveness increased and with it also the half width of the preference functions. However, highly unattractive song models remained unattractive also near oviposition.

10aacoustic communication10aAge effects10aFemale choice10aOviposition10aPreference functions1 aAufderheide, Jennifer1 aRonacher, Bernhard uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-018-1307-800376nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114300001400183490000700197100002100204856004100225 1952 eng d00aEcological studies on solitary Acrididae in England and South Africa0 aEcological studies on solitary Acrididae in England and South Af a165–2030 v151 aChapman, Kenneth uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/node/5071201511nas a2200133 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196300001000265490000800275520101100283100001801294700002401312856004101336 2009 eng d00aA re-examination of the taxonomy of the Chorthippus albomarginatus group in Europe on the basis of song and morphology (Orthoptera: Acrididae).0 areexamination of the taxonomy of the iChorthippus albomarginatus a65-970 v1523 a

A study of European sibling species of the Chorthippus albomarginatus group shows that the males could be well distinguished on the basis of the number and density of the stridulatory pegs. We recorded and analysed the calling and courtship songs of the males, as well as the stridulatory movements of the hind legs. Analysis of the stridulatory leg movements allowed us to reveal more differences between both the courtship songs and the calling songs of the European species of this group. On the basis of the morphology, calling and courtship song analysis, we describe a new species, Ch. ferdinandi sp. n., from Greece (Peloponnesus) and a new subspecies, Ch. oschei pusztaensis ssp. n., from the Balkans, Hungary, Moldova and Ukraine. Ch. bruttius Fontana & La Greca, 1999 is classified as a subspecies of Ch. karelini. We describe the phylogenetic relations between the European species of the Ch. albomarginatus group based on the courtship song complexity and courtship visual display.

1 aVedenina, YU.1 avon Helversen, Otto uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/node/5052402782nas a2200289 4500008004100000245017800041210006900219260001600288300001400304490000700318520179900325653002102124653002202145653003202167653001402199653002402213653002802237653002102265653002702286100002202313700001802335700001602353700001602369700001902385700001902404856006902423 2005 eng d00aInheritance of song and stridulatory peg number divergence between Chorthippus brunneus and C. jacobsi, two naturally hybridizing grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae)0 aInheritance of song and stridulatory peg number divergence betwe cJan-05-2005 a703 - 7120 v183 a

Knowledge of the genetic basis of divergence in mating signal characters that contribute to reproductive isolation is critical to understanding speciation. Here, we describe a semi-automated system for characterizing grasshopper acoustic signals. We used this system to study the genetic basis of divergence in three male calling song components [echeme (EL), syllable (SL) and phrase (PL) lengths] between Chorthippus brunneus and C. jacobsi , two species of grasshoppers that hybridize in northern Spain. We also studied the number of pegs in the stridulatory file. For all characters, additive effects accounted for most of the genetic differentiation between species. However, the three song components also showed small but significant epistatic effects. No sex linkage was detected. Wright–Castle–Lande estimates of the minimum numbers of genetic factors underlying song and peg number divergence were low: peg number ( n e ¼ 5.87 ± 5.84), SL ( n e ¼ 2.37 ± 4.79) and PL ( n e ¼ 0.87 ± 0.86). On the other hand, EL appeared to be controlled by many genes. These results suggest that divergence in SL and PL might be driven by sexual selection whereas EL might not be under selection. This is consistent with experimental results on female song preference in related species. However, the fact that few factors appear to underlie the differences in peg number is surprising. Peg number is not closely related to song characteristics. It often varies between closely related grasshopper species and it has been assumed to be a neutral character. The biometrical approaches used here tend to underestimate the number of factors influencing a trait but provide valuable background for subsequent quantitative trait loci analyses.

10aadditive effects10adominance effects10aeffective number of factors10aepistasis10amosaic hybrid zones10aquantitative trait loci10asexual selection10awavelet transformation1 aSadamando, C., I.1 aMiyaguchi, S.1 aTatsuta, H.1 aKishino, H.1 aBridle, J., R.1 aButlin, R., K. uhttp://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jeb.2005.18.issue-303469nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245012300054210006900177260001600246300001200262490000600274520295200280100002603232856006503258 1958 eng d a0003347200aStridulation and associated behaviour in certain orthoptera. 2. Stridulation of females and their behaviour with males0 aStridulation and associated behaviour in certain orthoptera 2 St cJan-01-1958 a27 - 420 v63 a

1. The stridulation of females and their behaviour in relation to males was studied comparatively in the following species of Truxalinae: Stenobothrus lineatus (Panzer); Omocestus viridulus (Linnaeus); Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt); and Chorthippus brunneus (Thunberg) (= C. bicolor Charp.).

2. Descriptions of the “typical behaviour” of females in response to normal song are given. This behaviour is similar in all species and consists of three phases: response stridulation, orientation towards and locomotion to the male. Arrived near the male, the female stridulates in response to mate song; the male, on noticing the female, sings the courtship song, engages the genitalia and copulation ensues. Females showing such typical behaviour are said to be in the “responsive state”.

3. This responsive state in females of the four species appears at maturation, is inhibited for periods up to 24 hours prior to oviposition, is regained shortly afterwards and is lost some days prior to death. Complete copulation involving the transfer of a spermatophore also inhibits the responsive state in the females; if the latter are isolated after copulation, they regain their responsiveness in a period of from 6–20 days dependent on the species. This recovery is delayed or prevented if the females are kept after copulation with males or within the sound of male normal song.

4. The responsive state is characterised in most females of all four species by the emission of stridulation in response to male normal song. In all cases, the movements of the hind femora of a female emitting this stridulation are very similar to those of a male of the same species singing the normal song. In the case of S. lineatus, O. viridulus and C. brunneus, audible sounds are emitted by the females, which in the case of the latter two species show marked affinity to male normal song. Physical analyses of these sounds are presented. Females of C. parallelus, being brachypterous, emit no sound while making stridulation movements of the hind femora.

5. It is postulated that the discrimination mechanism responsible for distinguishing between various specific songs is closely linked to the inherited motor mechanism which causes typical stridulation in both sexes. It is further suggested that the basic behaviour reactions of males and females to male normal song are the same, consisting of stridulation response movements, orientation and locomotion towards the male. Normally in the field, the last two phases are suppressed in males, the whole sequence in females. Isolation restores full typical behaviour in both males and females and, in the latter, stridulation is always an indicator of the return of the responsive state.

6. The observations are used to construct a possible picture of events in the field concerned with courtship and mating in the present species.

1 aHaskell, Peter Thomas uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/000334725890005802087nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260001600250490000700266520148400273653001601757653001801773653002701791653001501818100001701833856005501850 2017 eng d a0340-544300aComponents of reproductive isolation between the closely related grasshopper species Chorthippus biguttulus and C. mollis0 aComponents of reproductive isolation between the closely related cJan-04-20170 v713 a

The formation and maintenance of species in nature is accomplished by the evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms. To understand patterns of speciation and coexistence between species, it is crucial to obtain a complete synopsis of reproductive isolating barriers. We identified multiple reproductive isolation barriers between two closely related species, Chorthippus biguttulus and Chorthippus mollis, and quantified their respective contributions to isolation. To this end, we produced hybrids and backcrosses in the laboratory to examine reproductive isolation at multiple stages in the life history. The prezygotic barriers, based on chemical and acoustic cues, are currently the strongest impediments to gene flow between C. biguttulus and C. mollis. This indicates an important role for sexual selection in the maintenance of species isolation. However, extrinsic and intrinsic postzygotic isolation barriers also contributed to reproductive isolation. The virtual sterility of F1 hybrid males was based on both the dysfunctionality of their testes and intermediate behavioral mating traits (behavioral sterility). This study demonstrates that a cascade of reproductive isolating mechanisms reduces the gene flow between C. biguttulus and C. mollis. Our results further demonstrate that the courtship display in these species consists of multimodal signals and indicates a key role of chemical cues in reproductive isolation and speciation in grasshoppers.

10aChorthippus10ahybridization10areproductive isolation10aspeciation1 aFinck, Jonas uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00265-017-2295-302262nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001300041245007900054210006900133520179000202100002901992700002202021700001902043856006602062 2017 eng d a0022191000aBrain regions for sound processing and song release in a small grasshopper0 aBrain regions for sound processing and song release in a small g3 a

We investigated brain regions – mostly neuropils - that process auditory information relevant for the initiation of response songs of female grasshoppers Chorthippus biguttulus during bidirectional intraspecific acoustic communication. Male-female acoustic duets in the species Ch. biguttulus require the perception of sounds, their recognition as a species- and gender-specific signal and the initiation of commands that activate thoracic pattern generating circuits to drive the sound-producing stridulatory movements of the hind legs. To study sensory-to-motor processing during acoustic communication we used multielectrodes that allowed simultaneous recordings of acoustically stimulated electrical activity from several ascending auditory interneurons and local brain neurons and subsequent electrical stimulation of the recording site. Auditory activity was detected in the lateral protocerebrum (where most of the described ascending auditory interneurons terminate), in the superior medial protocerebrum and in the central complex, that has previously been implicated in the control of sound production. Neural responses to behaviorally attractive sound stimuli showed no or only poor correlation with behavioral responses. Current injections into the lateral protocerebrum, the central complex and the deuto-/tritocerebrum (close to the cerebro-cervical fascicles), but not into the superior medial protocerebrum, elicited species-typical stridulation with high success rate. Latencies and numbers of phrases produced by electrical stimulation were different between these brain regions. Our results indicate three brain regions (likely neuropils) where auditory activity can be detected with two of these regions being potentially involved in song initiation.

1 aBhavsar, Mit, Balvantray1 aStumpner, Andreas1 aHeinrich, Ralf uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002219101630242601712nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260001600226300001300242490000800255520120200263100001701465700002401482856004801506 1987 eng d a0340-759400aSeparate localization of sound recognizing and sound producing neural mechanisms in a grasshopper0 aSeparate localization of sound recognizing and sound producing n cJan-01-1987 a95 - 1010 v1613 a

In the two acridid species Chorthippus parallelus and Ch. montanus, the sound template by which females recognize male song varies with temperature, as does the song itself. At relatively high temperatures the females respond best to simulated songs with high syllable frequencies, and at lower temperatures songs with lower syllable frequencies are preferred.

The temperature around the supraesophageal and metathoracic ganglia of female grasshoppers was monitored by implanted thermocouples, and either the head or the thorax was warmed selectively while the animal was free to move (within the imits of the wires). Then simulations of the conspecific song varying in syllable frequency corresponding to different song temperatures were presented, and the stridulatory responses of the animals were observed.

The results were as follows. 1. Song recognition (in particular, the position of the peak of the response curve) depended on the temperature of the head. 2. The rate of stridulatory hindleg movement was determined by the temperature of the thoracic ganglia.

This result provides strong evidence against the genetic coupling hypothesis.

1 aBauer, Maria1 avon Helversen, Otto uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0060945802168nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245016600055210006900221260001600290300001400306490000700320520155800327100001801885700002101903700002401924856005001948 2007 eng d a1010-061X00aThe unusual inheritance pattern of the courtship songs in closely related grasshopper species of the Chorthippus albomarginatus-group (Orthoptera: Gomphocerinae)0 aunusual inheritance pattern of the courtship songs in closely re cJan-01-2007 a260 - 2770 v203 aSibling species of the Chorthippus albomarginatus-group are exceptional among all European grasshopper species because they have an extremely elaborate courtship behaviour. Here, we present a genetic analysis of the courtship song differences between two closely related grasshopper species Ch. albomarginatus and Ch. oschei. Measurements of seven courtship song characters and one parameter of courtship visual display were compared among parentals, F 1 and F 2 hybrids, and backcrosses. Variation in one morphological character, the number of stridulatory pegs, was studied as well. The distributions of song phenotypes were more consistent with a type-III genetic architecture, which involves complementary or duplicate pairs of loci. We suggest that this type of architecture may provide the novel elements of the hybrid songs, even more complex than the parental ones, which may offer a new starting point for sexual selection. One parameter of the visual display appeared to be controlled by a single locus, but differences in other characters of visual display could be explained by a more complex inheritance pattern. Inheritance of the peg number differences was consistent with a simple polygenic additive model. Sex linkage and/or maternal effects were not detected for any trait. We found a disproportionate influence of the Ch. albomarginatus parent on most hybrid song characteristics and the visual display, and this may support a previously suggested idea that Ch. albomarginatus is an ancestral form and Ch. oschei is a derived species.1 aVedenina, YU.1 aPanyutin, A., K.1 avon Helversen, Otto uhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/jeb/20/102830nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260004300210490000800253520230000261100002502561856012202586 1997 eng d00aIncipient Speciation In The Meadow Grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus (Orthoptera: Acrididae).0 aIncipient Speciation In The Meadow Grasshopper Chorthippus paral aNorwich, UKbUniversity of East Anglia0 vPhD3 a

This thesis examines the evolutionary divergence between northern European and Italian populations of Chorthippus parallelus. Several differing approaches were taken, which identified the inception of various components of the speciation process between these parapatric populations which meet in the Alps.

Firstly, partial post-zygotic reproductive isolation was demonstrated using hybrid crosses. The male hybrid offspring of both reciprocal crosses were sterile, displaying severe testicular dysfunction, while the female hybrids showed no deleterious effects of hybridisation. In this grasshopper the males are the heterogametic sex, possessing a single X chromosome, and so this pattern of hybrid sterility conforms to Haldane's rule. Secondly, investigation of the calling song of the male grasshopper, a component of the mate recognition system, suggested the presence of pre-mating reproductive isolation. Males from the different races were found to sing calling song of a significantly different structure. Finally, examination of DNA sequence divergence in a mitochondrial DNA marker demonstrated Significant levels of genetic differentiation between the races. This population divergence and incipient reproductive isolation parallels that found between the north European and Iberian populations of this grasshopper, and provides further evidence that the divergent geographical races have resulted from allopatric divergence while in isolated refugial populations during the glacial periods of thePleistocene Epoch.

These approaches were repeated to investigate genetic divergence between localised populations within the Italian peninsula. No hybrid dysfunction was observed between these populations, suggesting that they are recently derived from one continuous population. This was probably the refugial population of the last ice-age. Additionally, investigation with the mtDNA marker gave preliminary evidence for population expansion from the south to the north of Italy. Interestingly, the male calling song was Significantly different in populations from the north and the south of Italy, suggesting that a component of pre-mating reproductive isolation may have evolved prior to post-mating isolation in allopatric populations of C. parallelus.

1 aFlanagan, Nicola, S. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/content/incipient-speciation-meadow-grasshopper-chorthippus-parallelus-orthoptera-acrididae01955nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133520148400202100001701686700002201703856012001725 2014 eng d00aAsymmetrical integration of sensory information during mating decisions in grasshoppers0 aAsymmetrical integration of sensory information during mating de3 aDecision-making processes, like all traits of an organism, are shaped by evolution; they thus carry a signature of the selection pressures associated with choice behaviors. The way sexual communication signals are integrated during courtship likely reflects the costs and benefits associated with mate choice. Here, we study the evaluation of male song by females during acoustic courtship in grasshoppers. Using playback experiments and computational modeling we find that information of different valence (attractive vs. nonattractive) is weighted asymmetrically: while information associated with nonattractive features has large weight, attractive features add little to the decision to mate. Accordingly, nonattractive features effectively veto female responses. Because attractive features have so little weight, the model suggests that female responses are frequently driven by integration noise. Asymmetrical weighting of negative and positive information may reflect the fitness costs associated with mating with a nonattractive over an attractive singer, which are also highly asymmetrical. In addition, nonattractive cues tend to be more salient and therefore more reliable. Hence, information provided by them should be weighted more heavily. Our findings suggest that characterizing the integration of sensory information during a natural behavior has the potential to provide valuable insights into the selective pressures shaping decision-making during evolution. 1 aClemens, Jan1 aKrämer, Stefanie uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/content/asymmetrical-integration-sensory-information-during-mating-decisions-grasshoppers00793nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300001000214490000600224520029500230100001800525856012800543 1976 eng d00aA putative hybrid in nature between Chorthippus brunneus and C. biguttulus (Orthoptera : Acrididae)0 aputative hybrid in nature between Chorthippus brunneus and C big a71-740 v13 a

The characteristics of the song and morphology of a probable natural hybrid between the two grass- hoppers Chorthippus brunneus (Thunberg) and C. bigurruius (L.) are described and compared with those of the parent species. The status of C. eisentrauti (Ramme) is briefly discussed.

1 aRagge, D., R. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/content/putative-hybrid-nature-between-chorthippus-brunneus-and-c-biguttulus-orthoptera-acrididae01986nas a2200241 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173300001200242490000700254520119000261653001401451653001401465653001601479653001701495653001101512653001701523653001501540653000901555653001301564100001801577700002101595856012801616 1988 eng d00aThe songs and taxonomy of the grasshoppers of the Chorthippus biguttulus group in the Iberian Peninsula (Orthoptera: Acrididae)0 asongs and taxonomy of the grasshoppers of the Chorthippus bigutt a897-9290 v223 a

The Chorthippus biguttulus group includes a number of common European species that are difficult to distinguish morphologically but are easily recognized in the field by the distinctive calling songs of the males. These song-patterns have not previously been studied in Spain and as a result the Iberian members of the group have been misidentified in almost all the extensive Spanish literature on the ecology and cytogenetics of these insects. In this study the male calling songs of all six members of the group known from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa are fully described and illustrated with oscillograms at several different speeds. The songs of the three species known only from Iberia or North Africa, jacobsi, yersini and marocanus, are fully described for the first time (marocanus is here raised in rank from subspecies). Notes on recognition, using both morphology and song, are given for each species, and two identification keys are provided, one based on morphology and the other on song. It is shown that the three species biguttulus, brunneus and mollis, previously believed to be widespread in Iberia, are absent from most of the peninsula.

10aacoustics10aAcrididae10aChorthippus10agrasshoppers10aIberia10aNorth Africa10aOrthoptera10asong10ataxonomy1 aRagge, D., R.1 aReynolds, W., J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/content/songs-and-taxonomy-grasshoppers-chorthippus-biguttulus-group-iberian-peninsula-orthoptera