02383nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014700041210006900188260001600257300001200273490000700285520184100292100002902133700002202162856005302184 2004 eng d00aThe spiny devil katydids, Panacanthus Walker (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): an evolutionary study of acoustic behaviour and morphological traits0 aspiny devil katydids Panacanthus Walker Orthoptera Tettigoniidae cJan-01-2004 a21 - 570 v293 a

A cladistic analysis and systematic revision of the genus Panacanthus accompanies the description of three new species, with calling songs reported for four species. The evolutionary origin of spines is considered as a defensive mechanism in Panacanthus; both morphological and behavioural (i.e. acoustic) traits allow inferences about relationships. Phylogenetic analysis produced one most parsimonious cladogram eighty‐two steps long, with the ensemble consistency index = 0.84. Panacanthus cuspidatus and P. pallicornis (formerly Storniza Walker 1869, Martinezia Bolivar 1881) are properly incorporated in Panacanthus. On morphology, Panacanthus is more related to the Neotropical Copiphora and Lirometopum than to the Old World Lesina. Character analysis reveals that in Panacanthus the ancestral condition of calling song resonance (the production of musical sounds) has given rise to a more nonresonant (transient) stridulation. A correlation between the production of more complex sound waves and spinous protection of the body (especially the pronotum) is noted. Because early workers grouped Panacanthus with other spiny genera, based on pronotal morphology, we present a critique of the evolutionary and ecological implications of the development of defensive spines in this genus. This approach may be applied to other taxa using a similar protective mechanism. We advise against arrangement of the pronotal, cephalic and femoral armature as a homologous characteristic across subfamilies. Several pronotal processes and modifications evolved independently in other genera of Conocephalinae, Hetrodinae, Pseudophyllinae and Phaneropterinae. The pronotal structure of Panacanthus is unique and may be taken as a synapomorphic characteristic of all its species and as an autapomorphic feature of the genus.

1 aMontealegre-Z., Fernando1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/sen.2004.29.issue-102286nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007100041210006700112520188600179100002002065700001502085700002302100856004102123 1989 eng d00aThe neuroethology of acoustic startle and escape in flying insects0 aneuroethology of acoustic startle and escape in flying insects3 a

The acoustic startle/escape response is a phylogenetically widespread behavioral act, provoked by an intense, unexpected sound. At least six orders of insects have evolved tympanate ears that serve acoustic behavior that ranges from sexual communication to predator detection. Insects that fly at night are vulnerable to predation by insectivorous bats that detect and locate their prey by using biosonar signals. Of the six orders of insects that possess tympanate hearing organs, four contain species that fly at night and, in these, hearing is sensitive to a range of ultrasonic frequencies found in the biosonar signals of bats. Laboratory and field studies have shown that these insects (including some orthopterans, lepidopterans, neuropterans and dictyopterans), when engaged in flight behavior, respond to ultrasound by suddenly altering their flight, showing acoustic startle or negative phonotaxis, which serve as bat-avoidance behavior. A neural analysis of ultrasound-mediated escape behavior was undertaken in the field cricket Telegryllus oceanicus. An identified thoracic interneuron, int-1, was shown to trigger the escape response, but only when the cell was driven (synaptically or electrically) at high spike rates, and only when the insect was performing flight behavior; avoidance steering only occurs in the appropriate behavioral context: flight. Thus, significant constraints operate upon the ability of int-1 to trigger the escape response. The integration of auditory input and flight central pattern generator output occurs in the brain. It is found that neural activity descending from the brain in response to stimulation by ultrasound is increased when the insect is flying compared to when it is not. Although the behavioral act of avoidance steering may appear to be a simple reflex act, further analysis shows it to be anything but simple.

1 aHoy, Ronald, R.1 aNolen, Tom1 aBrodfuehrer, Peter uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/5766801976nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173520137300242653002701615653001201642653002101654653002001675653001501695100002101710700002001731856005501751 2007 eng d00aListening for males and bats: spectral processing in the hearing organ of Neoconocephalus bivocatus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aListening for males and bats spectral processing in the hearing 3 a

Tettigoniids use hearing for mate finding and the avoidance of predators (mainly bats). Using intracellular recordings, we studied the response properties of auditory receptor cells of Neoconocephalus bivocatus to different sound frequencies, with a special focus on the frequency ranges representative of male calls and bat cries. We found several response properties that may represent adaptations for hearing in both contexts. Receptor cells with characteristic frequencies close to the dominant frequency of the communication signal were more broadly tuned, thus extending their range of high sensitivity. This increases the number of cells responding to the dominant frequency of the male call at low signal amplitudes, which should improve long distance call localization. Many cells tuned to audio frequencies had intermediate thresholds for ultrasound. As a consequence, a large number of receptors should be recruited at intermediate amplitudes of bat cries. This collective response of many receptors may function to emphasize predator information in the sensory system, and correlates with the amplitude range at which ultrasound elicits evasive behavior in tettigoniids. We compare our results with spectral processing in crickets, and discuss that both groups evolved different adaptations for the perceptual tasks of mate and predator detection.

10aacoustic communication10ahearing10aPredator evasion10aReceptor tuning10aultrasound1 aHöbel, Gerlinde1 aSchul, Johannes uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-007-0245-701954nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260001600215300001200231490000900243520116500252653001701417653001301434653001301447653001501460653001501475653001601490653001501506653001701521100002101538700001801559856012301577 2019 eng d a1175-532600aKatydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) of Gorongosa National Park and Central Mozambique0 aKatydids Orthoptera Tettigoniidae of Gorongosa National Park and cApr-10-2019 a1 - 1190 v46823 a

A list of 60 species of the Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) recorded from Gorongosa National Park and provinces Sofala and Manica in central Mozambique is provided and their natural history is discussed. Of these, 58 species are illustrated and bioacoustic data are presented for 47 species. Two new genera and 9 new species are described: Gorongosa carri gen. et sp. n., Ovonotus abreuae gen. et sp. n., Afroagraecia muagurai sp. n., Enyaliopsis iaculator sp. n., Eurycorypha parkeri sp. n., Eurycorypha stalmansi sp. n., Eulioptera carolli sp. n., Eulioptera mutembai sp. n., and Parpyrrhicia guytonae sp. n. Four species of Ruspolia are recognized as potentially new and their bioacoustic data are presented. Pseudorhynchus pungens meridionalis Ragge, 1969 is synonymized with Pseudorhynchus pungens pungens (Schaum, 1853); Angustithorax spiniger Massa, 2015 is synonymized with Oxyecous magnus Ragge, 1956; and the synonymy of Lanista africana (Walker, 1870) with Lanista annulicornis (Walker, 1869) is reversed. Two species, G. carri and O. abreuae, appear to be endemic to Mt. Gorongosa and 24 species are recorded for the first time from Mozambique.

10abioacoustics10aendemism10akatydids10aMozambique10anew genera10anew species10aOrthoptera10aspecies list1 aNaskrecki, Piotr1 aGuta, Ricardo uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4682.1https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4682.1.101368nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001600204300001200220490000800232520077800240100003201018700002201050856013801072 1987 eng d a0036-807500aBat Predation and Its Influence on Calling Behavior in Neotropical Katydids0 aBat Predation and Its Influence on Calling Behavior in Neotropic cFeb-10-1987 a64 - 670 v2383 a

Insectivorous bats have influenced the development of antipredator behavior in moths, green lacewings, crickets, and mantids; until recently, such adaptations were unknown in katydids. Foliage-gleaning bats in Panama can use the female-attracting, airborne calling songs of nocturnal katydids to locate prey. They also feed heavily on these insects. Katydid species sympatric with these bats exhibit markedly reduced calling song duty cycles. Males supplement shortened songs with complex, species-specific tremulations that generate vibrations that are inaudible to bats but reach conspecific females through a shared plant substrate. Female katydids do not call audibly but are also preyed on in large numbers, perhaps as a result of moving toward calling males.

1 aBelwood, Jacqueline, Janine1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.238.4823.64https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.238.4823.6400351nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006200041210006200103300001200165490000700177100001600184856004100200 1982 eng d00aAcoustic communication and baffling behaviors of crickets0 aAcoustic communication and baffling behaviors of crickets a33–440 v651 aForrest, TG uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/5314200846nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245009300054210006900147260001600216300001400232490000700246520035800253100002300611856006600634 1982 eng d a0003347200aMate selection by female katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Conocephalus nigropleurum)0 aMate selection by female katydids Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Conoc cJan-08-1982 a734 - 7380 v303 a

Female katydids receive a large spermatophore at mating which they subsequently eat. Available evidence indicates that spermatophore nutrients are important to female reproduction. Heavier males produce larger spermatophores. When given the choice between two singing males of different weights, females always mated with the larger individual.

1 aGwynne, Darryl, T. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334728280145002433nas a2200193 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165300001400234490000800248520178300256653001502039653002402054653002902078653002302107653002502130100001902155700002402174856004102198 1986 eng d00aInsect hearing in the field II. Male spacing behaviour and correlated acoustic cues in the bushcricket Mygalopsis marki0 aInsect hearing in the field II Male spacing behaviour and correl a627–6380 v1593 a

1. Distances between calling maleMygalopsis marki Bailey (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) were measured in two geographically distinct populations. Mean intermale distances differed significantly in the two habitats (6.2 m and 11.5 m), but the sound pressure level of the nearest neighbour, measured at each focal male, was close to 65 dB SPL in both populations (Figs. 4, 6).

2. Using the response of an identified auditory interneuron as a ‘biological microphone’, the maximum hearing distance of males was tested. It was found to be affected by the size of the calling male, its posture, perch height and the vegetation density. Perch height alone influenced the maximum broadcast area of males by some 100%. Nearest neighbour distances were less than half the maximum hearing distances, confirming by neurophysiological methods that males do not space on threshold sensitivity to the complete call (Fig. 5).

3. The ability of the bushcricket to perceive the temporal characteristic of the call was also tested with the auditory interneuron over increasing distances from a signaller. The temporal integrity of the song was found to be maintained over the whole broadcasting area (Fig. 9).

4. The call has two energy peaks at 10 kHz and 20 kHz. The intensity of each peak attenuated differentially with increasing distance from the signaller; the low frequency component had a low variance at the nearest neighbour distance (SD: +4 dB/−6 dB) compared to the high frequency component (SD: +5 dB/−12.5 dB) (Fig. 8). The importance of the total sound pressure level and the relative intensity of the major frequency components of the song are discussed in relation to likely cues available to the male for maintaining spacing.

10aFocal Male10aFrequency Component10aHigh Frequency Component10aNeighbour Distance10aSound Pressure Level1 aRömer, Heiner1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/5313501309nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260001600249300001400265490000700279520077300286100002001059700002401079856006001103 1985 eng d00aMale Agonistic Behaviour of the Bushcricket Mygalopsis marki Bailey in Response to Conspecific Song (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aMale Agonistic Behaviour of the Bushcricket iMygalopsis markii B cDec-01-1985 a320 - 3300 v703 a

Experiments were conducted on Mygalopsis marki Bailey to determine the response of calling males to singing intruders. By increasing the density of natural aggregations of singing males we were able to observe the behavioural responses of individuals. In high density situations, males sang from lower perches in their plant and this effect was correlated with each male's proximity to other calling males. Furthermore, to examine if resident males were affected by conspecific song, a playback technique was employed using tape recordings of M. marki song. The design of the experiment was such that when confronted with an intruder, steadily increasing the intensity of its song, resident males moved to a lower position in the plant and ceased singing.

1 aDadour, Ian, R.1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00521.x01113nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260001600221300001400237490000600251520061000257100001500867700002400882856004900906 1980 eng d a1442-998500aThe function of sound in male spacing behaviour in bush-crickets (Tettigoniidae, Orthoptera)0 afunction of sound in male spacing behaviour in bushcrickets Tett cJan-09-1980 a275 - 2860 v53 a

This paper examines the spatial dynamics of an aggregation of singing male bush‐crickets (Tettigoniidae) in respect to the degree of regularity between males. Our results establish that singing males of the genus Mygalopsis are regularly spaced within aggregations and that sound is involved in spacing. Attention is focussed on the male strategy of regular spacing within a widely dispersed aggregation in order to attract females reaching sexual maturity within the confines of that population. This is seen as an alternate to male aggregations attracting females from outside their boundary.

1 aThiele, D.1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/aec/5/301070nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245006600054210006400120260001600184300001400200490000700214520061500221100002200836856006600858 1971 eng d a0003347200aAggression in male conocephaline grasshoppers (tettigoniidae)0 aAggression in male conocephaline grasshoppers tettigoniidae cJan-02-1971 a132 - 1370 v193 a

Fighting occurs under field and laboratory conditions between conspecific males of the long horn grasshoppers O. gladiator, O. vulgare and C. nigropleurum. Approaches of 90 to 180 cm by Orchelimum males culminated in venter-to-venter grappling. Such fights usually ended in the silent withdrawal of one combatant, while the other initiated steady song from the encounter site. Only singing males were approached. Stridulation appears both to trigger the approach and to serve as a navigational aid during its excution. An area is maintained around dominating males that is free of conspecific signers.

1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334727180147101360nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260001600248300000800264490000900272520066500281653001900946653001700965653001000982653001600992653001801008100003001026700002401056856006201080 2018 eng d a1175-532600aReview of genus Conocephalus Thunberg, 1815 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) with one new species from India0 aReview of genus Conocephalus Thunberg 1815 Orthoptera Tettigonii cOct-08-2019 a3810 v44613 a

The present paper includes description of one new species Conocephalus (Anisoptera) rentzi sp. nov. and some known species of genus Conocephalus Thunberg, 1815 from India. Brief diagnosis of genus and subgenus with a key to species of subgenus Anisoptera and morphometric ranges of all the species are provided. The distributional map and illustrations of all the described and reported species with SEM photography of stridulatory files of C. (Anisoptera) maculatus & C. (Anisoptera) rentzi sp. nov. have also been included. All type specimens have been deposited for posterity in the Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim University, India (ZDAMU).

10aConocephalinae10aConocephalus10aIndia10anew species10aTettigoniidae1 aFarooqi, Mohd, Kaleemulla1 aUsmani, Mohd, Kamil uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4464.3.401378nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245010000054210006900154260001600223300001300239490000700252520088500259100002201144856006601166 1980 eng d a0003347200aCalling display and mating behaviour of Copiphora rhinoceros Pictet (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aCalling display and mating behaviour of Copiphora rhinoceros Pic cJan-02-1980 a42 - IN10 v283 a

Substrate-transmitted signals, known from scattered accounts to occur in several species of acoustic Orthoptera, are brought together and briefly reviewed. Males of a neotropical katydid, Copiphora rhinoceros, were found to alternate stereotyped bouts of body vibration (tremulation) with an 8.7-kHz air-borne song. This calling display is remarkable in combining vegetation-conducted transverse waves with stridulation. A complete acoustic analysis accompanies detailed descriptions of three field matings. Females responded to the male's display silently but with similar body shaking. Copulation lasted almost 4 h, and courtship was prolonged by repeated male withdrawals. The male's coyness probably reflects a costly nutritional investment in a single mating: his spermatophore includes a huge bilobed spermatophylax, consumed by the female after copulation.

1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334728080006601360nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001200202490000800214520092600222100002201148700001501170856004101185 1982 eng d00aSong Structure and Description of Some Costa Rican Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aSong Structure and Description of Some Costa Rican Katydids Orth a287-3140 v1083 a

The physical features of the calling songs of a dozen species of Tettigoniidae from Costa Rica are recorded and analyzed. A new species, Cocconotus pusillus, is described from the cloud forest.

Several forms from the understory of lowland rainforest utilize high-Q (sinusoidal) carrier frequencies in the ultrasonic range and to this end the sound generating regions of the tegmina are uniquely strengthened. Relative to other katydids, these insects show what may be adaptations for avoidance of predatory bats: elongate antennae, lowered thresholds for elicitation of defensive behaviour and a severely curtailed signal emission time. It is proposed that reduced signal dura tion has placed a selective premium on localization efficiency during pair formation. The ultrasonic pure tone carrier, functioning in conjunction with highly directional ear slits, may be an adaptation to enhance localization.

1 aMorris, Glenn, K.1 aBeier, Max uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/2507830102345nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260002000255300001600275490000800291520145900299653002301758653001701781653001701798653002901815653002901844653003001873100002001903700002401923700002401947700002001971700002801991856006002019 2017 eng d a0022-094900aChamber music: an unusual Helmholtz resonator for song amplification in a Neotropical bush-cricket (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)0 aChamber music an unusual Helmholtz resonator for song amplificat cSep-15-20172153 a2900 - 29070 v2203 a

Animals use sound for communication, with high-amplitude signals being selected for attracting mates or deterring rivals. High amplitudes are attained by employing primary resonators in sound producing structures to amplify the signal (e.g., avian syrinx). Some species actively exploit acoustic properties of natural structures to enhance signal transmission by using these as secondary resonators (e.g., tree-hole frogs). Male bush-crickets produce sound by tegminal stridulation and often use specialised wing areas as primary resonators. Interestingly, Acanthacara acuta, a Neotropical bush-cricket, exhibits an unusual pronotal inflation, forming a chamber covering the wings. It has been suggested that such pronotal chambers enhance amplitude and tuning of the signal by constituting a (secondary) Helmholtz resonator. If true, the intact system – when stimulated sympathetically with broadband sound – should show clear resonance around the song carrier frequency which should be largely independent of pronotum material, and change when the system is destroyed. Using laser Doppler vibrometry on living and preserved specimens, micro computed tomography, 3D printed models, and finite element modelling, we show that the pronotal chamber not only functions as a Helmholtz resonator due to its intact morphology but also resonates at frequencies of the calling song on itself, making song production a three-resonator system.

10aacoustic resonator10abioacoustics10abush-cricket10afinite element modelling10alaser Doppler vibrometry10amicro computed tomography1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aBrown, Kate, Robson1 aSarria-S, Fabio, A.1 aWalker, Matthew1 aMontealegre-Z, Fernando uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.16023400469nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260001600200300001200216490000700228100002200235700001800257856004800275 1995 eng d a0028-104200aCovert stridulation: Novel sound generation by a South American Katydid0 aCovert stridulation Novel sound generation by a South American K cJan-02-1995 a96 - 980 v821 aMorris, Glenn, K.1 aMason, A., C. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0114015101878nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001600269300001200285490000600297520105900303653001701362653001701379653001901396653001101415653001401426653001501440100003301455700002201488700002401510700002201534856006801556 2011 eng d a1477-200000aQuality calls: phylogeny and biogeography of a new genus of neotropical katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with ultra pure-tone ultrasonics0 aQuality calls phylogeny and biogeography of a new genus of neotr cSep-03-2012 a77 - 940 v93 a

This paper describes Artiotonus, a new genus of tropical katydid from Colombia and Ecuador. These acoustic ensiferans are represented by three species with a geographic distribution generally restricted to the rainforest of the Bolivar geosyncline of northwestern South America (Pacific). A phylogenetic analysis based on 28 morphological and six behavioural characters produced a tree (A. artius, (A. tinae, A. captivus)) with a consistency index of 0.9. All species are defined by a few autapomorphic changes. The most reliable character for identification is the temporal pattern of the calling song, suggesting a recent genetic divergence. Biogeographic analysis indicates that such genetic divergence began with geographic isolation produced before the Holocene transgression. Species of this genus are remarkable in that the calling song of males exhibits a narrow spectrum with a high quality factor (37–42), unusual values for such ultrasonic signals. A broad discussion on the evolution of tonal calls and pulse trains is offered.

10aBiogeography10acalling song10aConocephalinae10ahigh-Q10apure tone10aultrasound1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando1 aMorris, Glenn, K.1 aSarria-S, Fabio, A.1 aMason, Andrew, C. uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14772000.2011.56020902113nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260001600245520156700261100003301828700001901861700002001880700002401900856004301924 2017 eng d00aMorphological determinants of carrier frequency signal in katydids (Orthoptera): a comparative analysis using biophysical evidence0 aMorphological determinants of carrier frequency signal in katydi cApr-09-20183 a

Male katydids produce mating calls by stridulation using specialized structures on the forewings. The right wing (RW) bears a scraper connected to a drum-like cell known as the mirror and a left wing (LW) that overlaps the RW and bears a serrated vein on the ventral side, the stridulatory file. Sound is generated with the scraper sweeping across the file, producing vibrations that are amplified by the mirror. Using this sound generator, katydids exploit a range of song carrier frequencies (CF) unsurpassed by any other insect group, with species singing as low as 600 Hz and others as high as 150 kHz. Sound generator size has been shown to scale negatively with CF, but such observations derive from studies based on few species, without phylogenetic control, and/or using only the RW mirror length. We carried out a phylogenetic comparative analysis involving 94 species of katydids to study the relationship between LW and RW components of the sound generator and the CF of the male's mating call, while taking into account body size and phylogenetic relationships. The results showed that CF negatively scaled with all morphological measures, but was most strongly related to components of the sound generation system (file, LW and RW mirrors). Interestingly, the LW mirror (reduced and non-functional) predicted CF more accurately than the RW mirror, and body size is not a reliable CF predictor. Mathematical models were verified on known species for predicting CF in species for which sound is unknown (e.g. fossils or museum specimens).

1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando1 aOgden, Jessica1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aSoulsbury, Carl, D. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jeb.1317900384nas a2200097 4500008004100000245006900041210006900110260003800179100002800217856004100245 2013 eng d00aInvestigating an adaptive radiation in temperate Neoconocephalus0 aInvestigating an adaptive radiation in temperate Neoconocephalus bUniversity of Missouri–Columbia1 aFrederick, Katherine, H uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/5074002861nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245010200054210006900156260001600225300001400241490000600255520200300261653003302264653001702297653003102314653001202345653001702357653001102374100002302385700001402408700002502422700002702447700002102474700002202495856006602517 2016 eng d a2351989400aLarge-scale semi-automated acoustic monitoring allows to detect temporal decline of bush-crickets0 aLargescale semiautomated acoustic monitoring allows to detect te cJan-04-2016 a208 - 2180 v63 a

Monitoring biodiversity over large spatial and temporal scales is crucial to assess the impact of global changes and environmental mitigation measures. However, large-scale monitoring of invertebrates remains poorly developed despite the importance of these organisms in ecosystem functioning. The development of new recording techniques and new methods of automatic species recognition based on sound detection and easily applicable within a citizen-science framework, offers interesting possibilities. However, the value of such protocols has not been tested for the study of temporal trends on a large spatial scale.

We used an acoustic region-wide citizen-monitoring program of Orthoptera, conducted along roads, to assess the relevance of automatic species recognition methods to detect temporal trends while taking into account spatial and seasonal patterns of two Orthoptera species activity (Tettigonia viridissima Linnaeus, 1758, and Ruspolia nitidula Scopoli, 1786) at a large scale. Additionally, we tested the effect of climate and land-use variables on spatio-temporal abundance patterns using generalized linear mixed models. We found negative temporal trends for the two species across the survey period (2006–2012). The spatial variations were largely explained by the geoclimatic conditions and, to a lesser extent, by land use (negative effects of urbanization). The temporal variations were highly correlated to the climatic conditions of the year, and of the previous year (nonlinear effect of temperature, precipitation).

To our knowledge, this paper describes the first successful attempt to calculate large-scale temporal trends of insect populations on the basis of an automatic identification process of acoustic data. We argue that acoustic monitoring along roads, coupled with the automatic recognition of species sounds, offers several advantages for assessing Orthoptera biodiversity response to global changes and environmental measures.

10aautomated signal recognition10abioacoustics10acitizen monitoring program10aClimate10aTettigoniida10atrends1 aJeliazkov, Alienor1 aBas, Yves1 aKerbiriou, Christian1 aJulien, Jean-François1 aPenone, Caterina1 aLe Viol, Isabelle uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S235198941530032901697nas a2200193 4500008004100000245016700041210006900208260001600277300001400293490000700307520089700314100001801211700002601229700002001255700003601275700003001311700001801341856014401359 2010 eng d00aThe Phlesirtes complex (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae, Conocephalini) reviewed: integrating morphological, molecular, chromosomal and bioacoustic data0 aPhlesirtes complex Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Conocephalinae Conoc cJan-07-2010 a554 - 5800 v353 a

The tettigoniid genus Phlesirtes Bolivar and its allies are reviewed. Morphological, ecological and molecular data prompt the erection of the new genus Chortoscirtesgen.n. with type species Xiphidion meruense Sjöstedt. The genera Phlesirtes, Chortoscirtes, Karniella and Naskreckiella are characterized by morphological characters supported by molecular, acoustic, ecological and chromosomal data. Four species, Chortoscirtes pseudomeruensissp.n., C. masaicussp.n., C. puguensissp.n. and C. serengetisp.n., are described from localities in northern and coastal Tanzania and one Karniella, K. crassicercasp.n., is described from Uganda. The following comb n. are proposed: Phlesirtes kibonotensis (Sjöstedt) and Phlesirtes kilimandjaricus (Sjöstedt). Subtribal status is proposed for the four investigated African genera. A key to the Chortoscirtes species is provided.

1 aHemp, Claudia1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aKEHL, SIEGFRIED1 aWarchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta1 aWägele, Johann, Wolfgang1 aHemp, Andreas uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00512.xhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3113.2009.00512.x01925nas a2200181 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200260001600269300001400285490000700299520118100306100001801487700002001505700002601525700003001551700001801581856014401599 2010 eng d00aA new genus of African Karniellina (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae, Conocephalini): integrating morphological, molecular and bioacoustical data0 anew genus of African Karniellina Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Conoce cJan-07-2010 a581 - 5950 v353 a

Melanoscirtes gen.n. is established within Karniellina. The members of this subtribe are small conocephaline bush crickets, confined to Africa. Melanoscirtes is erected on Phlesirtes kibonotensis, a species restricted to forest clearings and forest edge in the submontane and montane zones of Mt. Kilimanjaro. A subspecies, M. kibonotensis uguenoensis, is described from the North Pare mountains, a mountain range of the Eastern Arc adjacent to Mt. Kilimanjaro. Further species of Melanoscirtes occur on other mountain ranges of the northern branch of the Eastern Arc mountains of northern Tanzania and southern Kenya. The South Pare mountains harbour M. shengenae; the West Usambaras, M. usambarensis, and the Taita Hills, M. taitensis. All species and subspecies of Melanoscirtes exhibit a similar morphology and occupy analogous habitats on the respective mountains. The song patterns for all species found within this genus are very similar, and this, together with evidence from molecular data, suggests that allopatric speciation is the reason for the biogeographic pattern found in this genus. A key for the subspecies and species of Melanoscirtes is provided.

1 aHemp, Claudia1 aKEHL, SIEGFRIED1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aWägele, Johann, Wolfgang1 aHemp, Andreas uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00528.xhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3113.2010.00528.x02284nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245015400054210006900208260001600277300001200293490000800305520141800313653001701731653001701748653001701765653002901782653001401811653001601825653001501841100002401856700001901880700002001899700003301919856006601952 2016 eng d a0044523100aWing mechanics, vibrational and acoustic communication in a new bush-cricket species of the genus Copiphora (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Colombia0 aWing mechanics vibrational and acoustic communication in a new b cJan-07-2016 a55 - 650 v2633 a

Male bush-crickets produce acoustic signals by wing stridulation to call females. Several species also alternate vibratory signals with acoustic calls for intraspecific communication, a way to reduce risk of detection by eavesdropping predators. Both modes of communication have been documented mostly in neotropical species, for example in the genus Copiphora. In this article, we studied vibratory and acoustic signals and the biophysics of wing resonance in Copiphora vigorosa, a new species from the rainforest of Colombia. Different from other Copiphora species in which the acoustic signals have been properly documented as pure tones, C. vigorosa males produce a complex modulated broadband call peaking at ca. 30 kHz. Since males of this species do rarely sing, we also report that substratum vibrations have been adopted in this species as a persistent communication channel. Wing resonances and substratum vibrations were measured using a μ-scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry. We found that the stridulatory areas of both wings exhibit a relatively broad-frequency response and the combined vibration outputs fits with the calling song spectrum breadth. The broadband calling song spectrum results from several wing resonances activated simultaneously during stridulation. Under laboratory conditions the calling song duty cycle is very low and males spend more time tremulating than singing.

10abioacoustics10abiotremology10abush-cricket10alaser Doppler vibrometer10aresonance10atremulation10aultrasound1 aSarria-S, Fabio, A.1 aBuxton, Kallum1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004452311630058402231nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245015300055210006900208260001600277520149400293653001601787653001701803653003001820653003201850653001701882100002801899700002701927700001601954856005501970 2017 eng d a1083-815500aHabitat- and matrix-related differences in species diversity and trait richness of vascular plants, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera in an urban landscape0 aHabitat and matrixrelated differences in species diversity and t cJan-04-20183 aUrban growth is considered to be a major driver of environmental change. Urbanisation can affect urban biodiversity in different ways. So far, most studies focused on the impact of urbanisation on single taxa in one habitat type. In this study, we used data of species inventories and GIS-based landscape elements to examine the effects of habitat size and landscape composition on the species diversity of three taxonomic groups (vascular plants, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera) in meadows and ruderal sites in the urban region of Basel, Switzerland. We also related the responses of three species traits (body size, dispersal ability and food specialisation) to habitat size in Orthoptera and Lepidoptera. We found that species of the different taxonomic groups differed in their response to habitat size and landscape composition both in meadows and ruderal sites depending on the traits examined. The species richness of Orthoptera and Lepidoptera was positively related to meadow size but not to the size of ruderal sites, while the opposite was true for plants. For Lepidoptera in ruderal sites, the percentage cover of ruderal area in the closer surroundings was a better predictor of species richness than habitat size per se. To sustain high levels of urban biodiversity, we recommend that urban planners develop adequate management strategies to satisfy the different requirements of various taxonomic groups and to increase the quality of green sites surrounding the target habitat.10aButterflies10agrasshoppers10aplant functional richness10aspecies–area relationship10aurbanisation1 aMelliger, Ramona, Laila1 aRusterholz, Hans-Peter1 aBaur, Bruno uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11252-017-0662-500644nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245006300055210006300118260002000181300001400201490000800215100003300223700001600256700002500272700001600297700001900313856013000332 2012 eng d a0036-807500aConvergent Evolution Between Insect and Mammalian Audition0 aConvergent Evolution Between Insect and Mammalian Audition cApr-15-20122141 a968 - 9710 v3381 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando1 aJonsson, T.1 aRobson-Brown, K., A.1 aPostles, M.1 aRobert, Daniel uhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1225271https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.122527102882nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260001600243300001400259490000800273520231600281100002302597700002202620700002202642856004802664 1989 eng d a0340-759400aAuditory processing in the black-sided meadow katydid Conocephalus nigropleurum (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aAuditory processing in the blacksided meadow katydid iConocephal cJan-01-1989 a501 - 5120 v1643 a

1. The auditory system of the tettigoniid,Conocephalus nigropleurum was examined using whole auditory nerve responses (averaged summed action potentials (SAPs)) and intracellularly recorded single cells (receptor and interneurone) to pure tone stimuli and con- and heterospecific (C. brevipennis) songs.

2.The morphology of the auditory tracheal system and crista acustica is documented forC. nigropleurum. A broadly open thoracic spiracle (stigma) leads, via a horn, camera and foreleg trachea to a crista acustica of 28 receptor cells.

3. C. nigropleurum's auditory sensitivity is broadly tuned to 15–35 kHz which is below the peak frequency band of its calling song (30–36 kHz). The ear possesses a dynamic range of at least 30 dB and pulsed sounds with short (<0.5 ms) onset times or long interpulse periods (>200 ms) elicit maximal responses. We suggest this is caused by increased auditory receptor firing synchrony to these types of sounds and may facilitate the location of such sounds. There is, however, discrepancy between the pulse periods that elicit maximal SAP amplitudes and those found within the normal calling song, a phenomenon which may be related to the chorusing behaviour of this species.

4.Polar directional plots indicate thatC. nigropleurum is most sensitive to sounds originating posterior to the opening of the prothoracic auditory stigma; this may be caused by the configuration of the prothoracic pronotum. We found no pronounced sensitivity at points facing the tympanal slits.

5.Intracellular recordings reveal prothoracic receptors with widely decussate and narrowly branched termini. No receptor tested was able to track the intra-phonatome pulses (tooth strike sounds) of either species and we conclude that the phonatome is the finest resoluble component of the song.

6. An acoustically-activated interneurone (101) was recorded that resembles both the gryllid int-2 (Omega) cell and that of another tettigoniid. We suggest that tonic interneuronal firing caused by the multiple singer chorused song of either species activates the initial stages of phonotaxis in receptiveC. nigropleurum females but individual species recognition may depend at least partially on the discrimination of phonatome rates.

1 aFullard, James, H.1 aMorris, Glenn, K.1 aMason, Andrew, C. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0061044400408nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260001400195300001000209490000700219100001900226856004100245 1951 eng d00aThe Seasonal Succession of Orthopteran Stridulation near Raleigh, North Carolina0 aSeasonal Succession of Orthopteran Stridulation near Raleigh Nor cJune 1951 a87-950 v671 aFulton, B., B. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/4323200603nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245019900055210006900254260001600323300000800339490000900347100001800356700002600374856005700400 2017 eng d a1175-532600aThe genus Phlesirtes Bolivar, 1922 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae, Conocephalini; Karniellina), a review of the genus with data on its bioacoustics and the description of new species0 agenus Phlesirtes Bolivar 1922 Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Conocepha cOct-03-2018 a4510 v42441 aHemp, Claudia1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4244.402681nas a2200241 4500008004100000245022200041210006900263260001600332520180900348653001802157653001202175653001402187653002202201653002102223653002102244653001902265100002202284700002002306700002302326700002002349700002702369856004302396 2017 eng d00aEvolutionary diversification of the auditory organ sensilla in Neoconocephalus katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) correlates with acoustic signal diversification over phylogenetic relatedness and life history0 aEvolutionary diversification of the auditory organ sensilla in i cJan-03-20173 a

Neoconocephalus tettigoniids are a model for the evolution of acoustic signals as male calls have diversified in temporal structure during the radiation of the genus. Tettigoniidae have hearing organs in the forelegs with species-specific numbers of auditory sensilla in a linear crista acustica. We investigated changes of the hearing organs during an evolutionary radiation with divergence of intraspecific acoustic signals. We compared the neuroanatomy of the crista acustica from 9 Neoconocephalus species with different temporal call features, life histories, and from different phylogenetic positions. Average numbers of auditory sensilla were species-specific, ranging between 32–35 sensilla. It is likely under sexual selection for detection of male calls and natural selection for detection of bat calls. We found statistically significant differences in sensillum numbers among species, but no relationship of crista acustica length or sensillum number with phylogenetic position or life history. Statistically significant correlations existed with call patterns: species with slow pulse rates had significantly higher numbers of auditory sensilla and a longer crista acustica. Further, species with a derived double-pulsed calls had longer cristae, and continuous callers had a higher number of auditory sensilla. Correlations with crista length were stronger than with the number of auditory sensilla. The hearing organs show considerable diversity between species despite their recent divergence and morphological and ecological similarities. Thus, they have the potential to respond to various selective pressures, including divergence of temporal and spectral signal properties. Phylogenetic constraints are unlikely to limit the evolutionary change of the auditory systems.

10ahearing organ10ainsects10aradiation10asensory evolution10asexual selection10asignal evolution10atympanal organ1 aStrauß, Johannes1 aAlt, Joscha, A.1 aEkschmitt, Klemens1 aSchul, Johannes1 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jeb.1306601578nas a2200121 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187300001200256490000700268520108600275100002301361856007201384 1954 eng d00aAudio-spectrographic Analysis of the song of the Cone-Headed Grasshopper, Neoconocephalus ensiger (Harris) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aAudiospectrographic Analysis of the song of the ConeHeaded Grass a297-3030 v543 a

The song of Neoconocephalus ensiger has been described as consisting of a rapid series of somewhat lisping notes that sound like chwi (Scudder 1875), tsip (Allard 1911), or zick (Cantrall 193). Pierce (1948, p. 195) states taht the notes have a frequency of 13,700 cycles per second (a pitch very near the second A above the highest note on the piano), and are 0,033 sec. in length separated by silent intervals 0.052 sec. in length. This writer cannot hear frequencies as high as 13,700 cps, yet has no difficulty in hearing the song of this insect; it would tus appear that something is wrong with Pierce's figures of 13,700 cps.

On August 24, 1953, a male of this species was collected in a grassy field in Bremen Twp., Lincoln Co., Maine; the insect was caged and later the same day a recording was made of its song. The recording was made with a Magnemite tape recorder, using a taoe speed of 15 in. per sec; the insect was baout 8 in. from the microphone. The specimen adn recording are in the writer's collection.

1 aBorror, Donald, J. uhttps://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/4189/V54N05_297.pdf00704nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156300001200225490000700237520027300244100002400517856004100541 1976 eng d00aSpecies isolation and song types of the genus Ruspolia Schulthess (Orthoptera Tettigonioidea) in Uganda0 aSpecies isolation and song types of the genus iRuspoliai Schulth a511-5280 v103 a

An account is given of the songs of six speciesof the tettigoniid Ruspolia Schulthess occurring in Uganda. Some comment is made on their biology and distribution. Particular emphasis is made of the song as an isolating mechanism in sympatric species.

1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/1726100470nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173300001200242490000700254100002400261700002200285856004100307 1978 eng d00aThe general biology and phenology of swarming in the East African tettigoniid Ruspolia differens (Serville) (Orthoptera)0 ageneral biology and phenology of swarming in the East African te a259-2880 v121 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aMcCrae, A., W. R. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/1726000406nas a2200097 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150100002400219700002400243856004100267 1975 eng d00aA report on the insect fauna of the Prince Regent River Reserve, North-west Kimberley, Western Australia0 areport on the insect fauna of the Prince Regent River Reserve No1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aRichards, Kevin, T. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/1725901470nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260001600220300001400236490000800250520098900258100002401247856005301271 1967 eng d a0028-083600aFurther Investigations into the Function of the “Mirror” in Tettigonioidea (Orthoptera)0 aFurther Investigations into the Function of the Mirror in Tettig cDec-08-1967 a762 - 7630 v2153 a

From the calculations of Pierce nearly two decades ago, students of the production of sound in bush crickets have assumed the area of thin cuticle on the right tegmen known as the “mirror” to be acoustically important (Fig. 1). Pierce's attribution of a resonant function to this membrane was challenged by Broughton and Dumortier. Dumortier suggested that the whole tegmen is responsible as an acoustic coupler, not only the mirror. Broughton, working on the decticine, Metrioptera roeselii (Hagenbach), found that the frequency spectrum of one individual was not obligatorily changed by coating the mirror with a deadening film of latex. His results have stimulated further work of the same nature on two members of the Conocephalidae, Conocephalus discolor (Thunberg) and Homorocoryphus nitidulus nitidulus (Scopoli). Both these animals, like M. roeselii, have a well-defined spectrum, but their peak frequencies are at 28 kc/s and 15.5 kc/s, respectively.

1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/215762a001595nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260001600233300001200249490000700261520110300268100002301371856005501394 2014 eng d a1082-646700aA New North American Species of Bucrates (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Copiphorini)0 aNew North American Species of iBucratesi Orthoptera Tettigoniida cJan-07-2014 a69 - 730 v233 a

Bucrates weissmani n.sp. is known from four localities in southern Arizona. It is smaller and more slender than the other four species of Bucrates, making it superficially similar to the Central American copiphorine Caulopsis cuspidata, but more fundamental features refute the notion that it belongs in Caulopsis rather than Bucrates. Four other species of Bucrates are known. Two of these, capitatus (De Geer) and clausus (Scudder), occur in sympatry in Central America and tropical South America; lanista Rehn is known only from southern Brazil; and malivolans (Scudder) is restricted to the southeastern United States. All are easily distinguished morphologically and, for the three for which the songs are known, by their songs. Unlike the two other species of Bucrates for which the habitat is known, B. weissmani occurs on altitudinal islands at the edge of a desert. The calling song of B. weissmani resembles that of numerous species of Neoconocephalus, whereas the songs of B. malivolans and B. capitatus, resemble each other more than either song resembles that of B. weissmani.

1 aWalker, Thomas, J. uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/034.023.010101757nas a2200121 4500008004100000245003800041210003800079300001000117490000800127520143900135100002001574856004101594 1981 eng d00aUltraljud hos svenska vårtbitare0 aUltraljud hos svenska vårtbitare a27-410 v1023 a

Of the 10 Swedish species of bush crickets 9 stridulate with their elytra. The author recorded the songs of these species in their natural habitats, using instrumentation tape recorder and ultrasonic detectors. Song rhythm patterms and frequencies are presented for each species with comments on the ultrasonic components, audibility as a distance in the field with and without detectors etc. For 8 of the 9 stridulating species detectors seem to be necessary for efficient survey work and population studies in the field.

In 5 species differences found between the songs used in daytime and at night were analysed and discussed. The most important differences were found in species singing close to the ground (Platycleis denticulata, Metrioptera brachyptera, M. bicolor), whereas no corresponding difference was found in species singing from trees or high busghes (Tettigonia viridissima, Leptophyes punctatissima). The very intense songs heard at night have distinct and discrete tooth-pulses, while corresponding songs in daytime contain continuous sound waves and less conspicuous tooth-pulses in the file pulse-train. It is suggested taht this phenomenon could be something more than a mere influence of temperature on song rhythym. They could be adaptations to more efficient spread of sound waves under the acoustical conditions taht prevail above ground at night.

1 aAhlén, Ingemar uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/1724501489nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260001600232300001200248490000700260520096100267100002401228700002201252856006901274 1986 eng d00aConfusion of Phonotaxis by Masking Sounds in the Bushcricket Conocephalus brevipennis (Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae)0 aConfusion of Phonotaxis by Masking Sounds in the Bushcricket Con cDec-01-1986 a19 - 280 v733 a

Female Conocephalus brevipennis, executing phonotaxis to the call of a conspecific male broadcast from a speaker, were subjected to varying levels of background sound so as to progressively mask the attracting signal. The background consisted of either random noise or the call of a sympatric congener, C. nigropleurum and was delivered from above the orienting female. Disruption of phonotaxis was assayed by monitoring the angular dispersion of the female's exit path from the arena, relative to the position of the conspecific call. Random noise significantly interfered with phonotaxis when it was within 2 dB of the conspecific call intensity, both signals measured at the centre of the arena. The equivalent effect of the call C. nigropleurum was 5 dB above conspecific call intensity. The implication of signal loss within background noise is discussed as are the possible interactive behaviours of competing sympatric syntopic species.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eth.1986.73.issue-101313nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245010000054210006900154260001600223300001400239490000700253520078500260100002401045700002001069856006601089 1971 eng d a0003347200aSong as a possible isolating mechanism in the genus Homorocoryphus (Tettigonioidea, Orthoptera)0 aSong as a possible isolating mechanism in the genus Homorocoryph cJan-05-1971 a390 - 3970 v193 a

The songs of four species of the genus Homorocoryphus have been recorded in the field in the central region of Uganda. The songs differed in their syllable repetition rates. The effect of artificially produced songs, bearing a close resemblance to the natural song but with a variable repetition rate, has been tested on the activity levels of virgin females of two of the species. It was found that the females responded to the species specific repetition rate. Songs of each of the four species were tested against females of the species H. flavovirens, where a species specific response was established. The implications of the syllable repetition rate and the carrier frequency in this genus was discussed and a possible role in reproductive isolation was postulated.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aRobinson, David uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334727180022201362nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245012000054210006900174260001600243300001400259490000700273520080800280100002401088700002101112856007101133 1983 eng d a0001727200aMechanisms of Defensive Stridulation in the Bushcricket Mygalopsis marki Bailey (Copiphorini, Tettigoniidae)0 aMechanisms of Defensive Stridulation in the Bushcricket iMygalop cJan-06-1983 a117 - 1220 v643 a

The copiphorine tettigoniid Mygalopsis marki uses two acoustic defensive displays which are quite distinct from the tegminal stridulatory mechanism. Both adults and nymphs utilise a stridulation produced within the head capsule. Observation and simple experiment reveal that this sound is produced in conjunction with the passage of air into the buccal cavity. There are large trachea beneath the frons which may be associated as amplifiers of these noises. The hind wings of the adults have small downward projecting spines set in open membranous areas of the wings. When the insect is excited, these spines engage a highly specialised area of the cuticle on the dorsal terga. The production of the noise requires only slight movement of the abdomen. Its role in defense is discussed.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aSandow, John, D. uhttp://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/azo.1983.64.issue-2-300732nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245006200055210005700117260000900174300000900183490000600192520030000198100001700498856007100515 1971 eng d a0040-816600aThe stridulatory apparatus of two species of Tettigoniid.0 astridulatory apparatus of two species of Tettigoniid c1971 a71-60 v33 a

A scanning electron microscopical examination has been made of the stridulatory apparatus of Homorocoryphus nitidulus vicinus (Wlk.) and Jamaiciana flava (Wlk.). Its structure is discussed in relation to function, and the probable affinities of the two species within the Tettigoniidae.

1 aAnstee, J, H uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004081667180032000415nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157300001200226490000700238100001900245856004100264 1929 eng d00aThe Last Meadow Katydid; A Study of Its Musical Reactions to Light and Temperature (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) 0 aLast Meadow Katydid A Study of Its Musical Reactions to Light an a155-1640 v551 aAllard, H., A. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/2507721800392nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131300001200200490000700212100002200219856004100241 1980 eng d00aA revision of the Pacific species of Conocephalus Thunberg (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae)0 arevision of the Pacific species of Conocephalus Thunberg Orthopt a315-3550 v411 aPitkin, Linda, M. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/1662500557nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245019200055210006900247260001600316300001200332490000800344100002300352856004800375 1975 eng d a0340-759400aEffects of temperature on rates in poikilotherm nervous systems: Evidence from the calling songs of meadow katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae:Orchelimum) and reanalysis of published data0 aEffects of temperature on rates in poikilotherm nervous systems  cJan-01-1975 a57 - 690 v1011 aWalker, Thomas, J. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0066011900401nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001200207490000700219100002400226856004100250 1975 eng d00aA review of the African Species of the genus Ruspolia Schulthess [Orthoptera Tettigonioidea]0 areview of the African Species of the genus Ruspolia Schulthess O a171-2260 v371 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/1640800590nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260001600245300000800261490000900269100002600278700001800304700001900322700002200341856005700363 2014 eng d a1175-532600aTaxonomic, bioacoustic and faunistic data on a collection of Tettigonioidea from Eastern Congo (Insecta: Orthoptera)0 aTaxonomic bioacoustic and faunistic data on a collection of Tett cApr-04-2014 a3430 v37851 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aHemp, Claudia1 aLiu, Chunxiang1 aVolleth, Marianne uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3785.300518nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187260002000256300001400276490000700290100002200297856006500319 1977 eng d a0022-293300aA taxonomic study of the genus Thyridorhoptrum Rehn & Hebard (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with the description of a new species0 ataxonomic study of the genus Thyridorhoptrum Rehn Hebard Orthopt cNov-28-20071978 a645 - 6590 v111 aPitkin, Linda, M. uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222937700770561