@article {57346,
	title = {Evidence for differing trajectories of songs in urban and rural populations},
	journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jul-08-2020},
	abstract = {<p>Learned traits, such as foraging strategies and communication signals, can change over time via cultural evolution. Using historical recordings, we investigate the cultural evolution of birdsong over nearly a 50-year period. Specifically, we examine the parts of white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli) songs used for mate attraction and territorial defense. We compared historical (early 1970s) recordings with contemporary (mid-2010s) recordings from populations within and near San Francisco, CA and assessed the vocal performance of these songs. Because birds exposed to anthropogenic noise tend to sing at higher minimum frequencies with narrower frequency bandwidths, potentially reducing one measure of song performance, we hypothesized that other song features, such as syllable complexity, might be exaggerated, as an alternative means to display performance capabilities. We found that vocal performance increased between historical and contemporary songs, with a larger effect size for urban songs, and that syllable complexity, measured as the number of frequency modulations per syllable, was historically low for urban males but increased significantly in urban songs. We interpret these results as evidence for males increasing song complexity and trilled performance over time in urban habitats, despite performance constraints from urban noise, and suggest a new line of inquiry into how environments alter vocal performance over time.</p>
},
	keywords = {anthropogenic noise, birdsong, Cultural evolution, sexual selection, Urbanization, vocal performance},
	issn = {1045-2249},
	doi = {10.1093/beheco/arz142},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/beheco/advance-article/doi/10.1093/beheco/arz142/5551107},
	author = {Moseley, Dana L and Jennifer N. Phillips and Derryberry, Elizabeth P and David A. Luther},
	editor = {Candolin, Ulrika}
}
@article {53245,
	title = {An increase in song pitch of eastern great tits (Parus minor) in response to urban noise at Seoul, Korea},
	journal = {Urban Ecosystems},
	year = {2018},
	month = {May-10-2019},
	abstract = {<p>Anthropogenic noise may mask effective vocal signal transmission by birds, particularly in notes occurring in lower frequencies. Previous studies have shown a correlation of increased urban noise levels, higher minimum frequency, and lowered bandwidth in Great Tit song (Parus major). We therefore studied the effect of urban noise pollution on the song characteristics of the closely related Eastern Great Tit (EGTs, Parus minor) at Hongneung experimental forests (HEFs) in the metropolitan urban of Seoul, Korea. We analysed the song characteristics of breeding territories of EGTS in total 13 individuals recorded including four individuals at high noise group. EGTs singing in noisier locations exhibited higher minimum \&amp; maximum frequency, and lower note \&amp; strophe length, and higher bandwidth, replicating the different findings of Great Tits. This data also suggests that several individuals at high noise location exhibited a non-typical song type indicative of structural adaptation to higher noise levels. Although the mechanisms of these correlations are as yet undetermined, it is likely that behavioural plasticity may play a role of vocal signal adaption in an increasingly urbanizing Korea.</p>
},
	keywords = {behavioural plasticity, Hongneung experimental forests, Urbanization},
	issn = {1083-8155},
	doi = {10.1007/s11252-018-0809-z},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11252-018-0809-z},
	author = {Lee, Catherine and Park, Chan Ryul}
}
