@article {57571,
	title = {Acoustic crypsis in communication by North Atlantic right whale mother{\textendash}calf pairs on the calving grounds},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {<p>Mammals with dependent young often rely on cryptic behaviour to avoid detection by potential predators. In the mysticetes, large baleen whales, young calves are known to be vulnerable to direct predation from both shark and orca predators; therefore, it is possible that mother\&ndash;calf pairs may show cryptic behaviours to avoid the attention of predators. Baleen whales primarily communicate through low-frequency acoustic signals, which can travel over long ranges. In this study, we explore the potential for acoustic crypsis, a form of cryptic behaviour to avoid predator detection, in North Atlantic right whale mother\&ndash;calf pairs. We predicted that mother\&ndash; calf pairs would either show reduced calling rates, reduced call amplitude or a combination of these behavioural modifications when compared with other demographic groups in the same habitat. Our results show that right whale mother\&ndash;calf pairs have a strong shift in repertoire usage, significantly reducing the number of higher amplitude, long-distance communication signals they produced when compared with juvenile and pregnant whales in the same habitat. These observations show that right whale mother\&ndash;calf pairs rely upon acoustic crypsis, potentially to minimize the risk of acoustic eavesdropping by predators.</p>
},
	keywords = {acoustic crypsis, baleen whale, eavesdropping, predator avoidance, right whale},
	doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2019.0485},
	url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0485},
	author = {Parks, Susan E. and Cusano, Dana A. and Sofie M. Van Parijs and Nowacek, Douglas P.}
}
@article {53330,
	title = {Manatee behavioral response to boats},
	journal = {Marine Mammal Science},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {924 - 962},
	abstract = {<p>The long-term viability of the Florida manatee is threatened in part by mortality from boat collisions. This study investigated manatee behavior during boat approaches to better understand factors that lead to manatee\&ndash;boat collisions. Digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) and Argos-linked GPS tags were deployed on 18 manatees in southwest Florida, and boat traffic around them was mapped. Suites of manatee behavioral, environmental, and boat-related factors were recorded during opportunistic boat passes. We built generalized linear mixed models to determine which factors accounted for variation in occurrence, number, and timing of manatee behavioral changes during boat passes. Manatees responded to boats, changing their orientation, depth, and fluking behavior most often when a boat approached closely (\&lt;10 m). Manatees were also more likely to change their depth when not on a seagrass bed and when actively fluking before a boat pass. Boat speed did not affect the occurrence or intensity of manatee response. Compared to fast approaches, however, slower passes allowed the manatee more time to respond, and behavioral change occurred earlier relative to the time of the boat\&$\#$39;s closest point of approach. We conclude that faster boats likely pose a greater risk of collision with manatees than do slower boats.</p>
},
	keywords = {behavioral response, boat collision, DTAG, Florida, manatee, Trichechus manatus, West Indian},
	doi = {10.1111/mms.v34.410.1111/mms.12491},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mms.v34.4},
	author = {Rycyk, Athena M. and Deutsch, Charles J. and Barlas, Margaret E. and Hardy, Stacie K. and Frisch, Katherine and Leone, Erin H. and Nowacek, Douglas P.}
}
