@article {57912,
	title = {Vocalisation in the mountain hare: calls of a mostly silent species},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {<p>While the occurrence and function of vocalisation by pikas has been studied (genus Ochotona), little is known about vocalisation by hares (genus Lepus). In this study, we investigate the vocalisation activity of mountain hare (Lepus timidus) over the course of a year to better understand its occurrence and function. We found that mountain hares have a low vocalisation rate of one vocalisation every 33 night hours. We hypothesise that this low rate is the result of a strategy to minimise detection by predators. However, the 20 recorded vocal events correspond with intraspecific communication events such as warning others about danger and defending resources. This case study identifies further research directions to help strengthen our understanding of communication between solitary hares.</p>
},
	keywords = {Alps, behaviour, Calls, Lagomorpha, predator avoidance, sonogram},
	doi = {10.1007/s10344-019-1331-1},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-019-1331-1},
	author = {Rehnus, Maik and Wehrle, Martin and Obrist, Martin K.}
}
@article {57571,
	title = {Acoustic crypsis in communication by North Atlantic right whale mother{\textendash}calf pairs on the calving grounds},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {<p>Mammals with dependent young often rely on cryptic behaviour to avoid detection by potential predators. In the mysticetes, large baleen whales, young calves are known to be vulnerable to direct predation from both shark and orca predators; therefore, it is possible that mother\&ndash;calf pairs may show cryptic behaviours to avoid the attention of predators. Baleen whales primarily communicate through low-frequency acoustic signals, which can travel over long ranges. In this study, we explore the potential for acoustic crypsis, a form of cryptic behaviour to avoid predator detection, in North Atlantic right whale mother\&ndash;calf pairs. We predicted that mother\&ndash; calf pairs would either show reduced calling rates, reduced call amplitude or a combination of these behavioural modifications when compared with other demographic groups in the same habitat. Our results show that right whale mother\&ndash;calf pairs have a strong shift in repertoire usage, significantly reducing the number of higher amplitude, long-distance communication signals they produced when compared with juvenile and pregnant whales in the same habitat. These observations show that right whale mother\&ndash;calf pairs rely upon acoustic crypsis, potentially to minimize the risk of acoustic eavesdropping by predators.</p>
},
	keywords = {acoustic crypsis, baleen whale, eavesdropping, predator avoidance, right whale},
	doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2019.0485},
	url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0485},
	author = {Parks, Susan E. and Cusano, Dana A. and Sofie M. Van Parijs and Nowacek, Douglas P.}
}
