01706nas a2200241 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122520100600191653000901197653002301206653002501229653002001254653002201274100001801296700001501314700001401329700001101343700001801354700001601372700001601388700001601404856004401420 2019 eng d00aVocal Development of Horsfield's Leaf-Nosed Bat Pups (Hipposideros larvatus)0 aVocal Development of Horsfields LeafNosed Bat Pups Hipposideros 3 a

Bats are an appealing animal for investigating the biological basis and evolution of speech-related traits in wild mammal systems. We investigated vocal development in Horsfield's leaf-nosed bat pups, Hipposideros larvatus. We found that newborn bats emit many types of isolation calls, including downward frequency modulation (DFM), arched frequency modulation (AFM), upward frequency modulation (UFM), and others. The gradual decrease of Euclidean distance measurements revealed that pup isolation calls (DFM, AFM, UFM) gradually change into adult social calls. Furthermore, one of the isolation call types (UFM type) encoded an individual signature. By contrast, we report that early echolocation calls and isolation calls develop in parallel. As pups develop, early echolocation calls gradually mature and transform into adult-like echolocation calls. The interval and duration of echolocation calls decreases, while the peak frequency and bandwidth of frequency modulation increases.

10abats10aecholocation calls10aindividual signature10aisolation calls10avocal development1 aChi, Tingting1 aLIU, Muxun1 aTan, Xiao1 aLi, Yu1 aXiao, Yanhong1 aSun, Keping1 aJin, Longru1 aFeng, Jiang uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/pt-pt/node/5757602261nas a2200229 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260001600202520158200218653000901800653001301809653001701822653003001839100001601869700001201885700002001897700001501917700002001932700001401952700001601966856004901982 2018 eng d00aSocial vocalizations of big-footed myotis (Myotis macrodactylus) during foraging0 aSocial vocalizations of bigfooted myotis iMyotis macrodactylusi  cFeb-12-20203 a

Acoustic signals play a crucial role in transmitting information and maintaining social stability in gregarious animals, especially in echolocating bats which rely primarily on biological sonar for navigating in the dark. In the context of foraging without relying on tactile, visual, or olfactory cues, acoustic signals convey information not only on food, but also on ownership and defense of resources. However, studies on such information remain fragmentary. In the present study, we aim to document the social vocal repertoire of Myotis macrodactylus at natural foraging sites. Multiple acoustic analyses and spectrographic classification revealed a rich foraging vocal repertoire comprising 6 simple syllables and 2 composites. Discriminant function analyses associated with a subset‐validation procedure provided an optimal method to spectrographically classify all recorded sounds into different syllable types. Multidimensional scaling of median values of multiple parameters further confirmed notable differences among these syllables in a three‐dimensional space. In addition, Euclidean distance analysis showed that there were some spectral similarities between specific social vocal syllables and feeding buzzes, which implied a potential jamming role. Altogether, the data indicate that bats at foraging sites under natural conditions used variant social vocalizations with different functions in addition to echolocation calls, providing supporting evidence for further work on the function and vocal mechanisms of acoustic communication in mammals.

10abats10aforaging10aSocial calls10aSpectro-temporal features1 aGuo, Dongge1 aLuo, Bo1 aZhang, Kangkang1 aLIU, Muxun1 aMetzner, Walter1 aLiu, Ying1 aFeng, Jiang uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1749-4877.12367