01382nas a2200217 4500008004100000245019200041210006900233300001200302490000700314520064600321653001300967653001000980653001900990653000901009653001801018653001701036100002101053700002201074700002701096856004101123 2021 eng d00aThe distribution and calls of Vraem’ Treefrog, Dendropsophus vraemi (Caminer, Milá, Jansen, Fouquet, Venegas, Chávez, Lougheed, and Ron 2017), with comments on its conservation status0 adistribution and calls of Vraem Treefrog Dendropsophus vraemi Ca a311-3170 v153 a

Dendropsophus vraemi is a recently described frog that is only known from the type locality, in La Mar province, Ayacucho, Peru. Here, we present new data on its geographic distribution, coloration in life, and habitat, as well as descriptions of the advertisement and aggressive calls of this species. The new localities extend the known distribution range 151 km northwest and the elevation range down to 250 m asl, which is nearly 450 m lower than previously known. Our findings are inconsistent with its current IUCN categorization of Least Concern (LC), and we suggest that this species should be categorized as Data Deficient.

10aAmphibia10aAnura10aData Deficient10aPeru10aSouth America10avocalization1 aChávez, Germán1 aBarboza, Andy, C.1 aThompson, Michelle, E. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/sv/node/5845402163nas a2200157 4500008004100000245019700041210006900238520132700307653001301634653007501647100002201722700002901744700002101773700002801794856018301822 2020 eng d00aAdvertisement call of two threatened red-bellied-toads, Melanophryniscus cambaraensis and M. macrogranulosus (Anura: Bufonidae), from the Atlantic Rainforest, southern Brazil0 aAdvertisement call of two threatened redbelliedtoads Melanophryn3 a

In anuran amphibians, acoustic signals are fundamental mechanisms of mate recognition and mate choice, which makes frog calls a fundamental tool for anuran taxonomy. In this work, we describe the advertisement call of two species for the genus Melanophryniscus, M. cambaraensis and M. macrogranulosus and use the descriptions to try to solve a taxonomic problem between them. We collected data after heavy rains in three different sample sites in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2012 and 2013. The advertisement call of both species is composed of two segments. It always begins with part A (about 0.44–6 seconds) composed of single modulated pulses separated by long time intervals. It is followed by part B, a long train of unmodulated pulses with short time intervals, lasting from 9 to 32.2 seconds. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated some variation between temporal parameters of the two species, but Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed no significant differences. Within-individual Coefficient of Variation (CV) showed only two static parameters: pulse rate and peak frequency, both in the part B of the call. Despite intra-male variation in some acoustic parameters, it is not possible to differentiate between M. cambaraensis and M. macrogranulosus species only using bioacoustics.

10aAmphibia10aTaxonomy; Bioacoustics; Amphibian; Endemic species; Endangered species1 aCAORSI, VALENTINA1 aBORDIGNON, DEBORA, WOLFF1 aMárquez, Rafael1 aBORGES-MARTINS, MÁRCIO uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4894.2https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4894.2.2https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/65968/6438501663nas a2200205 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187520091700256653001301173653002501186653002101211653001501232653002401247100002301271700002901294700003201323700003701355700002401392856004101416 2019 eng d00aMorerella cyanophthalma (Anura: Hyperoliidae) in south- eastern Ivory Coast: Additional data and implications for the species’ conservation0 aMorerella cyanophthalma Anura Hyperoliidae in south eastern Ivor3 a

We report new data from a Morerella cyanophthalma population in the Tanoé-Ehy forests, south-eastern Ivory Coast. The population lives in swamp forests dominated by Raphia palms. Eye colour differed partly to the two other known populations of the species at Banco and Azagny forests. There, males have porcelain white to brownish iris and females have blue eyes. At the new locality, some females possess a grey iris, and some males’ eyes were bluish. Several parts of the Tanoé- Ehy forest are threatened by anthropogenic impacts. Ongoing habitat degradation and the extremely limited distribution of this species suggest that it is highly endangered. The implementation of an official protection status for the Tanoé-Ehy swamp forests is urgently recommended in order to avoid further devastating effects to this irreplaceable ecosystem of national and regional importance.

10aAmphibia10aBiodiversity hotspot10aCôte d’Ivoire10arainforest10aUpper Guinea forest1 aSoro, Nakpobessaga1 aKouamé, Akoua, Michèle1 aKouamé, N’Goran, Germain1 aAdepo-Gourène, Abouo, Béatrice1 aRödel, Mark-Oliver uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/sv/node/5798201713nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245025400055210006900309260001600378300001400394490000900408520083200417653001301249653001301262653001001275653001401285653001701299653001401316653002301330100002101353700001801374700002601392856004101418 2019 eng d a1175-532600aIntegrative taxonomy reveals first country record of Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2001, and distribution range extensions for Cochranella nola Harvey 1996, and Rulyrana spiculata Duellman 1976 (Anura: Centrolenidae) in Peru0 aIntegrative taxonomy reveals first country record of Hyalinobatr cApr-11-2019 a541 - 5600 v46913 a

We used an integrative taxonomy approach to investigate the taxonomic identity of several populations of glassfrogs from Peru, which are notoriously challenging to identify due to their overall similarity in morphology and coloration. We relied on comparisons of morphology, bioacoustics, and partial fragments of 16S rRNA DNA sequences. We report for the first time the presence of Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii in Peru, being this the southernmost locality known for the species. Likewise, we update and extend the distribution ranges of Rulyrana spiculata and Cochranella nola in the Andes of Peru, provide a 16S sequence of a topotype of R. spiculata, and confirm its presence in Bolivia. For all three species, we increase the current knowledge on their geographic distribution and genetic and phenotypic variation.

10a16S rRNA10aAmphibia10aAndes10abarcoding10abioacoustics10aglassfrog10amolecular analysis1 aCHÁVEZ, GERMÁN1 aPRADEL, RENZO1 aCatenazzi, Alessandro uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/sv/node/5764002349nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260001600227300000800243490000700251520146400258653001301722653002001735653003301755653001801788100003201806700003601838700002101874700002501895856021101920 2019 eng d00aBioacoustics of Pithecopus rusticus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae): A Rare Species Possibly Threatened with Extinction0 aBioacoustics of Pithecopus rusticus Anura Phyllomedusidae A Rare cJan-12-2019 a1960 v143 a

Vocalization is an important means of intra- and interspecific communication in anurans and is essential for reproduction. Here, we describe the advertisement and territorial calls of Pithecopus rusticus and determine the influence of air temperature and morphometric variables on advertisement call parameters. We recorded the vocalizations at the type-locality, in the municipality of Água Doce, state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, from September 2015 to February 2016. The advertisement call was composed of a short note, emitted sporadically, with a duration of 0.023 ± 0.002 ms (0.019–0.033 ms; n = 244). We recorded two types of territorial calls that were observed during the interaction between males. Territorial call I was composed of two notes and had a duration of 0.095 ± 0.043 ms (0.033–0.166 ms; n = 27). Territorial call II was a multipulsed note lasting 0.911 ± 0.340 ms (0.504–1.346 ms; n = 9) composed of 7–58 pulses emitted after territorial call I. Advertisement call duration was negatively related to air temperature. The duration and number of notes of the advertisement call of P. rusticus were similar to those of phylogenetically close species. Information on vocal repertoires of amphibians and factors influencing acoustic parameters are essential to understand the systematic taxonomy and evolution of groups, especially little-known species such as P. rusticus.

10aAmphibia10aAtlantic Forest10aHighlands of southern Brazil10avocalizations1 aBoschetti, Joana, Priscilla1 aDe Bastiani, Veluma, Ialú Moli1 aLingnau, Rodrigo1 aLucas, Elaine, Maria uhttps://bioone.org/journals/south-american-journal-of-herpetology/volume-14/issue-3/SAJH-D-17-00071.1/Bioacoustics-of-Pithecopus-rusticus-Anura-Phyllomedusidae--A-Rare-Species/10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00071.1.full02023nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193300001400262490000700276520118200283653002301465653001301488653001701501653001201518653001701530653003101547653002501578653001301603100001901616700002601635700003401661700002101695856004101716 2019 eng d a1864-575500aA new striped species of Dendropsophus (Anura: Hylidae) with a composite advertisement call and comments on the D. rubicundulus group0 anew striped species of Dendropsophus Anura Hylidae with a compos a227–2460 v693 a

Herein we describe Dendropsophus rozenmani sp. nov. based on morphological, bioacoustic, and molecular data. This new species is distinguished from other species of Dendropsophus by its small size (SVL 18.7–21.1 mm in adult males and 19.6–23.2 mm in females); in life, dorsal ground coloration brown, with two anterior parallel and straight, dark brown stripes and a middorsal sacral stripe; and lateral limits of dorsal coloration above tympanum. In addition, the new species differs from all other species of the D. rubicundulus group (along with D. anataliasiasi) by having a composite advertisement call, i.e., a series of calls consisting of two call types. In a phylogenetic tree based on 494 bp of the 16S mitochondrial gene, four species of Dendropsophus, D. cruzi, D. juliani, and D. sanborni and one candidate species, D. juliani A, are positioned within the rubicundulus species group which poses questions on the monophyly of this group as well as its morphological definition. The occurrence of both single and composite calls in the D. rubicundulus group suggests future studies on the call evolution in that group as well as the whole genus.

10aadvertisement call10aAmphibia10abioacoustics10aCerrado10aChiquitanía10aDendropsophus tritaeniatus10aspecies delimitation10ataxonomy1 aJansen, Martin1 aSantana, Diego, José1 aTeixeira, Bernardo, Franco da1 aKöhler, Gunther uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/sv/node/5737001500nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001600269300000800285490000900293520071900302653001301021653001001034653001201044100003301056700002001089700002701109700003001136856011601166 2019 eng d a1175-532600aAlmost a hundred years later, the advertisement call of Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro 1920 (Anura: Hylidae) from the Atlantic Forest0 aAlmost a hundred years later the advertisement call of Aparasphe cJan-01-2021 a4280 v45503 a

The Neotropical genus Aparasphenodon Miranda-Ribeiro is composed of five recognized species commonly referred as “casque-headed frogs” (Frost 2018). Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro occurs in Atlantic Forest lowlands from the states of São Paulo to Bahia, Brazil (Feio et al. 1998; Mollo Neto & Teixeira Jr. 2012; Ruas et al. 2013). The biology of most Aparasphenodon species is poorly known. Within the genus, until now only Aparasphenodon arapapa Pimenta, Napoli & Haddad has its call formally described (Lourenço-de-Moraes et al., 2013, Forti et al., 2018, Guerra et al., 2018). Herein, we describe the advertisement call of Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro.

10aAmphibia10aAnura10aHylidae1 aFREIRE, IASODHARA, RODRIGUES1 aTHOMASSEN, HANS1 aROCHA, PEDRO, CARVALHO1 aLEITE, FELIPE, SÁ FORTES uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4550.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4550.3.1002016nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260001600241300000700257490000900264520124100273653002401514653001301538653002201551653001901573653002201592653001001614100001701624700003001641856011501671 2019 eng d a1175-532600aA name for the nurse-frog (Allobates, Aromobatidae) of Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Eastern Brazilian Amazonia0 aname for the nursefrog Allobates Aromobatidae of Floresta Nacion cOct-01-2020 a710 v45503 a

We describe a new species of nurse-frog (Aromobatidae, Allobates) from Floresta Nacional de Carajás, southeastern Brazilian Amazonia. Allobates carajas sp. nov. is distinguished from similar congeneric species by the combination of the following characters: body-size range (snout-to-vent length 16.5–19.1 mm), dorsal color pattern with a dark brown hourglass-shaped mark, by the absence of a pale dorsolateral stripe and presence of a pale ventrolateral stripe, absence of a pale paracloacal mark, by overall bright yellow ventral colors of live male and female specimens, and by the posterior labium of tadpoles, with a single row of pyramidal papillae medially. The advertisement call of the new species is highly variable, with four possible temporal arrangements of notes (continuous emission of notes separated by regular silent intervals, continuous emission of notes separated by irregular silent intervals, emission of discrete note trills, and sporadic emission of single notes). Duration of notes range between 0.020–0.060 s, and the dominant frequency of notes range from 4.75 to 5.38 kHz. The new species is currently known only from forested habitats within Floresta Nacional de Carajás.

10aAdvertisement calls10aAmphibia10aconservation unit10aDendrobatoidea10amitochondrial DNA10aPará1 aRojas, Diana1 aLima, Albertina, Pimentel uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4550.1https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4550.1.301369nas a2200217 4500008004100000245012900041210006900170300001400239490000700253520065800260653001100918653001300929653002300942653001800965653001200983653001800995100003201013700003201045700003301077856004101110 2019 eng d00aFive new country records of Amazonian anurans for Brazil, with notes on morphology, advertisement calls, and natural history0 aFive new country records of Amazonian anurans for Brazil with no a211–2190 v123 a

We report for the first time the occurrences in Brazil of Boana hobbsi, Osteocephalus deridens and Tepuihyla shushupe (Hylidae), and confirm the occurrences of Ranitomeya defleri and Ranitomeya variabilis (Dendrobatidae) referring voucher specimens obtained from an expedition to Estação Ecológica Juami-Japurá, state of Amazonas, Brazil, in February 2017. Additionally, we provide data on morphology of voucher specimens, advertisement calls, field observations and geographic distribution of these species. We also describe the external morphology of the female R. defleri, which was previously unknown to science.

10aAmazon10aAmphibia10aconservation units10aDendrobatidae10aHylidae10aJapurá River1 aRojas-Runjaic, Fernando, MJ1 aGagliardi-Urrutia, Giussepe1 aCastroviejo-Fisher, Santiago uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/sv/node/5350301531nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245013700055210006900192260001600261300000800277490000900285520078600294653001301080653001001093653001901103100002901122700003101151700002801182856011501210 2019 eng d a1175-532600aThe vocalization of Gastrotheca fissipes (Boulenger, 1888) (Anura, Hemiphractidae) from the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil0 avocalization of Gastrotheca fissipes Boulenger 1888 Anura Hemiph cJun-01-2019 a2840 v45433 a

Gastrotheca Fitzinger, 1843 (Hemiphractidae) is composed of 70 species classified into four species groups, among which Gastrotheca fissipes (Boulenger, 1882) and G. microdiscus (Andersson, 1910) species groups are distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2015; Duellman & Venegas 2016). The Gastrotheca fissipes group comprises six species: G. fissipes, G. flamma Juncá & Nunes, 2008, G. megacephala Izecksohn, Carvalho-e-Silva & Peixoto, 2009, G. prasina Teixeira Jr. et al. 2012, G. pulchra Caramaschi & Rodrigues, 2007, and G. recava Teixeira Jr. et al. 2012, and most of these species are distributed in the northern Atlantic Forest, the most threatened region of the Atlantic Forest Domain (Ribeiro et al. 2009).

10aAmphibia10aAnura10aHemiphractidae1 aROBERTO, IGOR, JOVENTINO1 aSANTOS, EDNILZA, MARANHÃO1 aDe Carvalho, Thiago, R. uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4543.2https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4543.2.601976nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001600269300000800285490000900293520122800302653001301530653001001543653001201553100002901565700002801594700003301622856011501655 2018 eng d a1175-532600aThe advertisement call of the treefrog Nyctimantis rugiceps Boulenger, 1882 (Anura: Hylidae), with notes on its natural history and toxicity0 aadvertisement call of the treefrog Nyctimantis rugiceps Boulenge cJul-12-2019 a4410 v45323 a

Nyctimantis rugiceps Boulenger, 1882 (Fig. 1A) is a Neotropical treefrog (Duellman & Trueb 1976; Faivovich et al. 2005) known only from disjunct localities in Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru (Pérez-Villota et al. 2009). This species has the skin of the skull co-ossified and reproduces—including calling behavior, egg deposition and tadpole development—in water-filled tree or bamboo cavities (Duellman & Trueb 1976; Duellman 1978). Given its secretive behavior, this is a poorly known species and, as noted by Duellman (1978: 169), “the major clue to the life history of Nyctimantis is the calling behavior of the males”. Unfortunately, the only quantitative description of the advertisement call of N. rugiceps is a brief passage in Duellman (1978) based on four specimens from Santa Cecilia, Ecuador, where important variables are missing (e.g., call duration). More importantly, graphs illustrating the waveform and spectrogram are missing. Considering these limitations and the importance of advertisement calls to the study of anurans (Köhler et al. 2017), we provide a quantitative description using a call recording obtained in Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia.

10aAmphibia10aAnura10aHylidae1 aDe Souza, Camila Camargo1 aRivera-Correa, Mauricio1 aCastroviejo-Fisher, Santiago uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4532.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4532.3.802219nas a2200301 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260001600245300001000261490000600271520130300277653001301580653002001593653002501613653002601638653001201664653001001676653002001686653002201706653001801728653001201746100002701758700002901785700002801814700001901842700002001861856003601881 2018 eng d00aReproduction and metamorphosis in the Myristica Swamp tree frog, Mercurana myristicapalustris (Anura: Rhacophoridae)0 aReproduction and metamorphosis in the iMyristicai Swamp tree fro cJan-01-2018 ae59340 v63 a

The reproductive biology of the Myristica Swamp tree frog (Mercurana myristicapalus- tris), a monotypic rhacophorid frog endemic to the foothills of the Western Ghats mountains of India, has remained unknown since the description of the genus and species. We monitored individuals from parental generation amplexus to the comple- tion of offspring generation tadpole metamorphosis. Surprisingly, our observations revealed that this species exhibits many previously unknown characteristics, including the first ever record of the female, and a diverse call repertoire, consisting of five different call types (the functions of which remain incompletely known). We were also able to determine that reproductive activity peaked during the late pre-monsoon season, that males engaged in intraspecific aggressive encounters to occupy and to defend desirable territories, and that oviposition took place in terrestrial nests made by females. Embryonic development in the unattended nest was followed by tadpole development, which concluded within 40 days. The specific breeding mode employed by Mercurana, which restricts its range to the endangered Myristica swamp ecosystem, likely renders it susceptible to multiple threats, which should be considered jointly in future conservation planning.

10aAmphibia10aAnimal Behavior10aConservation biology10aDevelopmental Biology10aecology10aIndia10aMyristica swamp10aReproductive mode10aRhacophoridae10azoology1 aAbraham, Robin, Kurian1 aMathew, Jobin, Kuruvilla1 aRaju, David, Valiaparam1 aRao, Ramprasad1 aZachariah, Anil uhttps://peerj.com/articles/593402418nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260001600251300000800267490000900275520156600284653002101850653001301871653001401884653001101898653001901909653002001928653001801948100002601966700002901992700002802021856011502049 2018 eng d a1175-532600aGeographic variation in the advertisement call of Trachycephalus typhonius Anura: Hylidae) based on South American samples0 aGeographic variation in the advertisement call of Trachycephalus cFeb-11-2019 a4040 v45213 a

Previously described calls of Trachycephalus typhonius (Linnaeus, 1758) correspond to several populations from Central and South America, but in general, these descriptions were brief and often based on a single recorded individual. Here, based on an expressive sample, we re-describe the advertisement calls of T. typhonius using recordings from populations in Brazil and Argentina. Additionally, we discuss geographical variation of calls, comment on their frequency band structure and compare calls with those described for other species of Trachycephalus. Calls of 32 males were recorded and temporal and spectral features of 269 calls were measured. To search for discrimination among three populations sampled we used the Random Forest (RF) model, Multidimensional Scaling Analysis (MDS) and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test. The advertisement calls of T. typhonius consist of a multipulsed note of 343–540 ms of duration, emitted at regular intervals, with up to three emphasized frequency bands. Dominant frequency ranged between 1705–2750 Hz. Calls from Rondônia (Brazil) were significantly different from those recorded in Argentina and Minas Gerais (Brazil) in relation to pulse rate and dominant frequency. Populations from Minas Gerais and Argentina differed in dominant frequency of calls. Such population differences can be partly attributed to differences in prevalence of calling sites (immersed in water vs. perches on vegetation), but can also hint at the existence of cryptic species diversity under this taxon.

10aAmazon Milk Frog10aAmphibia10aArgentina10aBrazil10acall structure10adifferentiation10avocalizations1 aZaracho, Víctor Hugo1 aAguiar, Leonardo, Dionel1 aGiaretta, Ariovaldo, A. uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4521.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4521.3.601482nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260001600219300000800235490000900243520071400252653001300966653001000979653001400989100003301003700002901036700003501065700001701100700001901117856011601136 2018 eng d a1175-532600aDescription of the advertisement calls of four species of Amazophrynella (Anura:Bufonidae)0 aDescription of the advertisement calls of four species of Amazop cFeb-08-2019 a1930 v44593 a

Amazophrynella comprises 11 small bufonid species with a pan-Amazonian distribution (Fouquet et al. 2012a, b; Rojas et al. 2016, Rojas et al. 2018). All species inhabit the forest leaf litter, breed in seasonal puddles and are diurnally and nocturnally active (Fouquet et al. 2012b; Rojas et al. 2014; 2015; 2016). Until now only one nominal species, A. javierbustamantei, and two putative lineages—A. moisesii (Rio Yuyapichis, Peru) and A. siona (Santa Cecilia, Ecuador)—had their advertisement calls formally described (Duellman 1978; Schlüter 1981; Rojas et al. 2016). Herein, we described for the first time the advertisement calls from additional four species of Amazophrynella.

10aAmphibia10aAnura10aBufonidae1 aDe Carvalho, Vinicius, Tadeu1 aÁvila, Robson, Waldemar1 aKAWASHITA-RIBEIRO, RICARDO, A.1 aHrbek, Tomas1 aGordo, Marcelo uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4459.1https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4459.1.1101777nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245019500055210006900250260001600319300000800335490000900343520073200352653001301084653001701097653001501114653002701129100002901156700002201185700001801207700003301225700002801258700002901286700003601315700002201351700001901373700002501392856005801417 2018 eng d a1175-532600aOn Rhinella gildae Vaz-Silva, Maciel, Bastos & Pombal 2015 (Anura: Bufonidae): Phylogenetic relationship, morphological variation, advertisement and release calls and geographic distribution0 aRhinella gildae VazSilva Maciel Bastos Pombal 2015 Anura Bufonid cMar-08-2020 a2740 v44623 a

Anurans in the Rhinella margaritifera group have a long history of taxonomic confusion, mainly by morphological similarity between species and lack of acoustic and genetic data for many of the 19 described species. Herein, we presented data for Rhinella gildae based on recently collected specimens from its type locality. We provide patterns of morphological variation, measurements, advertisement and release calls and infer the phylogenetic position of R. gildae. The species geographical distribution was updated, occurring in two Amazonian localities in Maranhão state, and Cerrado areas in Maranhão and Tocantins states and also in a rainforest enclave inside Caatinga domain in Ceará state.

10aAmphibia10abioacoustics10amorphology10aRhinella margaritifera1 aÁvila, Robson, Waldemar1 aMansonato, André1 aPerez, Renata1 aDe Carvalho, Vinicius, Tadeu1 aRoberto, Igor Joventino1 aMORAIS, DRAUSIO, HONORIO1 aDe Almeida, Alexandre, Pinheiro1 aRojas, Rommel, R.1 aGordo, Marcelo1 aFARIAS, IZENI, PIRES uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4462.202065nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260001600246300000800262490000900270520095900279653001301238653001001251653001801261653002601279653002701305653003501332653001601367100002101383700002801404700002801432700002001460700002101480700001601501700001901517856022701536 2017 eng d a1175-532600aYet another small brown frog from high altitude on the Marojejy Massif, northeastern Madagascar (Anura: Mantellidae)0 aYet another small brown frog from high altitude on the Marojejy  cFeb-11-2018 a5720 v43473 aMadagascar hosts a high diversity of small brown frogs. In this paper, we add another one by describing Gephyromantis (Duboimantis) tohatra sp. nov. The new species is a small brown mantellid frog discovered on a recent expedition to Marojejy National Park in northeastern Madagascar. It is characterised, among other things, by its small size (snout-vent length ~33 mm), an orange to yellowish belly, two dorsolateral ridges, and a distinctive call composed of 7–10 pulsed notes. The new species occurs sympatrically with other members of the subgenus Duboimantis at high altitude (~1700 m above sea level), including its sister species G. schilfi from which it radically differs by advertisement call and by a substantial genetic divergence of 4.3% uncorrected pairwise distance in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. It thus joins the diverse assemblage of Gephyromantis species known from high altitudes on the mountain massifs of northern Madagascar.10aAmphibia10aAnura10aGephyromantis10aGephyromantis schilfi10aGephyromantis tandroka10aGephyromantis tohatra sp. nov.10aMantellidae1 aScherz, Mark, D.1 aRazafindraibe, Jary, H.1 aRakotoarison, Andolalao1 aDixit, Nadi, M.1 aBletz, Molly, C.1 aGlaw, Frank1 aVences, Miguel uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4347.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4347.3.9https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/34380/30388https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/34380/3038802264nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260001600228300000800244490000900252520147400261653001301735653002901748653001501777653002301792653002401815653001301839100001901852700001901871700001601890856011601906 2017 eng d a1175-532600aA new species of smooth-skinned Spinomantis frog (Anura: Mantellidae) from south-eastern Madagascar0 anew species of smoothskinned Spinomantis frog Anura Mantellidae  cApr-09-2017 a3790 v43173 a

We present molecular evidence for the presence of two species morphologically similar to Spinomantis bertini in Andohahela National Park, south-eastern Madagascar, differing by 5.5−6.3% pairwise DNA sequence divergences in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. One of these was observed at higher elevations of ca. 1650 m above sea level, whereas the other was found at lower elevations of ca. 715 m a.s.l., close to the type locality of S. bertini (Isaka-Ivondro), and in one other location (Andreoky, ca. 1050 a.s.l.). We herein assign these low- to mid-elevation specimens to S. bertini based on their occurrence near the type locality and general agreement in colour pattern with the type specimen of Gephyromantis bertini Guibé, 1947. The high-elevation form is described as Spinomantis beckei sp. nov. based on its molecular divergence and reciprocal monophyly with respect to S. bertini, lower expression of greenish dorsal colour and less distinct frenal stripe. Based on a comparison of published call descriptions for S. bertini and our recordings of S. beckei, we hypothesize that S. bertini has a lower note repetition rate in advertisement calls. Molecular data suggest that the S. bertini species complex is more diverse than previously recognized, with at least two more candidate species identified: S. sp. Ca7 from Ranomafana National Park, and a newly identified candidate species S. sp. Ca12 from Pic d’Ivohibe Special Reserve.

10aAmphibia10aAndohahela National Park10aMadagascar10aSpinomantis beckei10aSpinomantis bertini10ataxonomy1 aVences, Miguel1 aKöhler, Jörn1 aGlaw, Frank uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4317.2https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4317.2.1202570nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245018500055210006900240260001600309300001400325490000800339520164500347653002301992653001302015653003202028653001702060653004502077100001802122700002102140700002302161700002402184700002502208700001902233856005202252 2014 eng d a1313-298900aA new species of the Boophis rappiodes group (Anura, Mantellidae) from the Sahamalaza Peninsula, northwest Madagascar, with acoustic monitoring of its nocturnal calling activity0 anew species of the Boophis rappiodes group Anura Mantellidae fro cJun-08-2015 a111 - 1320 v4353 a

A new species of treefrog of the Boophis rappiodes group (Anura, Mantellidae) is described from the Sahamalaza – Iles Radama National Park in northwest Madagascar. This new species is green in colour with bright red speckling across its head and dorsum; similar in morphology to other species of this group including: B. bottae, B. rappiodes, B. erythrodactylus and B. tasymena. The new species can be distinguished by its advertisement call and by a genetic divergence of more than 4.9% in the analysed mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene fragment. Its call consists of two note types: a trill and a click; although similar sounding to B. bottae, the trill note of the new species has a faster pulse rate while the click note is predominantly two-pulsed rather than three. All individuals were detected from the banks of two streams in Ankarafa Forest. The new species represents the only member of the B. rappiodes group endemic to Madagascar’s western coast, with the majority of other members known from the eastern rainforest belt. Despite its conspicuous call, it has not been detected from other surveys of northwest Madagascar and it is likely to be a local endemic to the peninsula. The ranges of two other amphibian species also appear restricted to Sahamalaza, and so the area seems to support a high level of endemicity. Although occurring inside a National Park, this species is highly threatened by the continuing decline in the quality and extent of its habitat. Due to these threats it is proposed that this species should be classified as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN Red List criteria.

10aadvertisement call10aAmphibia10aBoophis ankarafensis sp. n.10aconservation10aSahamalaza – Iles Radama National Park1 aPenny, Samuel1 aAndreone, Franco1 aCrottini, Angelica1 aRakotozafy, Lovasoa1 aSchwitzer, Christoph1 aRosa, Gonçalo uhttp://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=399004329nas a2200409 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260001600239300000600255490000900261520318800270653001303458653001003471653000903481653001803490653002103508653001903529653001603548653000903564653001003573653001003583653002503593653001303618653001703631100001903648700001903667700002203686700002503708700002603733700001803759700001603777700002603793700002403819700001903843856005703862 2017 eng d a1175-532600aThe use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice0 ause of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy theory terminology method cNov-04-2017 a10 v42513 a

Vocalizations of anuran amphibians have received much attention in studies of behavioral ecology and physiology, but also provide informative characters for identifying and delimiting species. We here review the terminology and variation of frog calls from a perspective of integrative taxonomy, and provide hands-on protocols for recording, analyzing, comparing, interpreting and describing these sounds. Our focus is on advertisement calls, which serve as premating isolation mechanisms and, therefore, convey important taxonomic information. We provide recommendations for terminology of frog vocalizations, with call, note and pulse being the fundamental subunits to be used in descriptions and comparisons. However, due to the complexity and diversity of these signals, an unequivocal application of the terms call and note can be challenging. We therefore provide two coherent concepts that either follow a note-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units of sound as notes, and their entirety as call) or a call-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units as call whenever they are separated by long silent intervals) in terminology. Based on surveys of literature, we show that numerous call traits can be highly variable within and between individuals of one species. Despite idiosyncrasies of species and higher taxa, the duration of calls or notes, pulse rate within notes, and number of pulses per note appear to be more static within individuals and somewhat less affected by temperature. Therefore, these variables might often be preferable as taxonomic characters over call rate or note rate, which are heavily influenced by various factors. Dominant frequency is also comparatively static and only weakly affected by temperature, but depends strongly on body size. As with other taxonomic characters, strong call divergence is typically indicative of species-level differences, whereas call similarities of two populations are no evidence for them being conspecific. Taxonomic conclusions can especially be drawn when the general advertisement call structure of two candidate species is radically different and qualitative call differences are thus observed. On the other hand, quantitative differences in call traits might substantially vary within and among conspecific populations, and require careful evaluation and analysis. We provide guidelines for the taxonomic interpretation of advertisement call differences in sympatric and allopatric situations, and emphasize the need for an integrative use of multiple datasets (bio-acoustics, morphology, genetics), particularly for allopatric scenarios. We show that small-sized frogs often emit calls with frequency components in the ultrasound spectrum, although it is unlikely that these high frequencies are of biological relevance for the majority of them, and we illustrate that detection of upper harmonics depends also on recording distance because higher frequencies are attenuated more strongly. Bioacoustics remains a prime approach in integrative taxonomy of anurans if uncertainty due to possible intraspecific variation and technical artifacts is adequately considered and acknowledged.

10aAmphibia10aAnura10acall10acall analysis10acall description10acall variation10adefinitions10anote10apulse10asound10aspecies delimitation10ataxonomy10avocalization1 aKöhler, Jörn1 aJansen, Martin1 aRodríguez, Ariel1 aKok, Philippe, J. R.1 aToledo, Luís, Felipe1 aEmmrich, Mike1 aGlaw, Frank1 aHaddad, Célio, F. B.1 aRödel, Mark-Oliver1 aVences, Miguel uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4251.101523nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260001600238300000800254490000900262520081000271653001301081653001701094653001401111653001801125653001501143100002201158700003901180700001701219856005701236 2017 eng d a1175-532600aA new species of Phyllodytes Wagler, 1830 (Anura, Hylidae) from the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil0 anew species of Phyllodytes Wagler 1830 Anura Hylidae from the At cFeb-03-2017 a1350 v42383 a

We describe a new species of Phyllodytes from Ilhéus (15º04’S, 39º03’W; 95 m above sea level), south of state of Bahia, in the northeastern Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Phyllodytes megatympanum sp. nov. is diagnosable by the following combination of characters: (1) dorsum of body, arms, and legs uniformly light brown; (2) groin yellow; (3) snout pointed in dorsal view, protruding in profile; (4) tympanum large with a round distinct tympanic annulus; (5) adult males with two anterior large odontoids followed by a series of smaller odontoids on each side of the mandible; (6) well-developed tubercle near tibio-tarsal joint; (7) advertisement call composed of a series of 12 to 19 unpulsed notes, with harmonic structure and (8) mean dominant frequency of 3.98 kHz.

10aAmphibia10abioacoustics10adiversity10amorphometrics10aphytothelm1 aMarciano, Euvaldo1 aLantyer-Silva, Amanda Santiago, F.1 aSolé, Mirco uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4238.1