02390nas a2200229 4500008004100000245013300041210007000174520162100244653001301865653002501878653001201903653003801915653001101953653002501964653002501989653002502014653000902039653002702048100001502075700002402090856004602114 2001 eng d00aMechanisms of frequency-specific responses of ω neuron 1 in crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus): a polysynaptic pathway for song?0 aMechanisms of frequencyspecific responses of ω neuron 1 in crick3 a

In crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus), the auditory interneuron ω neuron 1 (ON1) responds to sounds over a wide range of frequencies but is most sensitive to the frequency of conspecific songs (4.5 kHz). Response latency is longest for this same frequency. We investigate the mechanisms that might account for the longer latency of ON1 to cricket-like sounds. Intracellular recordings revealed no evidence for appropriately timed postsynaptic inhibition of ON1 that might increase its latency, nor was latency affected by picrotoxin. The onset of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) was delayed for 4.5 kHz stimuli compared with ultrasound stimuli, pointing to a presynaptic locus for the latency difference. When ON1 is stimulated with high frequencies, discrete, apparently unitary EPSPs can be recorded in its dendrite, and these are latency-locked to spikes recorded simultaneously in the auditory nerve. This suggests that input to ON1 from high-frequency-tuned auditory receptor neurons is monosynaptic. In agreement with this, brief ultrasound stimuli evoke a single, short-latency EPSP in ON1. In contrast, the EPSP evoked by a brief 4.5 kHz stimulus consists of an early component, similar in latency to that evoked by ultrasound and possibly evoked by ultrasound-tuned receptors, and a later, dominant component. We interpret the early peak as arising from a monosynaptic afferent pathway and the late peak from a polysynaptic afferent pathway. Multiple-peak EPSPs, with timing similar to those evoked by sound stimuli, were also evoked by electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve.

10aaudition10aauditory interneuron10acricket10aexcitatory postsynaptic potential10aInsect10amonosynaptic pathway10aomega neuron 1 (ON1)10apolysynaptic pathway10asong10aTeleogryllus oceanicus1 aFaulkes, Z1 aPollack, Gerald, S. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hans/node/5762001829nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300001200232490000800244520115400252653002701406653003001433653001201463653001901475653002701494653001501521100002401536700001701560856004601577 1998 eng d00aRepresentation of behaviorally relevant sound frequencies by auditory receptors in the cricket teleogryllus oceanicus0 aRepresentation of behaviorally relevant sound frequencies by aud a155-1630 v2013 a

Teleogryllus oceanicus is particularly sensitive to two ranges of sound frequency, one corresponding to intraspecific acoustical signals (4-5 kHz) and the other to the echolocation cries of bats (25-50 kHz). We recorded summed responses of the auditory nerve to stimuli in these two ranges. Nerve responses consist of trains of compound action potentials (CAPs), each produced by the summed activity of a number of receptor neurons. The amplitude of the CAP is up to four times larger for stimuli at 4.5 kHz than for stimuli at 30 kHz, suggesting either that the extracellular spikes produced by receptors that respond to 4.5 kHz are larger than those that respond to 30 kHz, or that receptors fire more synchronously in response to stimulation at 4.5 kHz, or that more receptors respond to stimulation at 4.5 kHz. Neither unit spike amplitude nor conduction velocity (which is expected to vary with spike amplitude) differs for the two frequencies, and the responses to 4.5 kHz are not produced by more tightly synchronized receptor populations, as judged by CAP breadth. We conclude that more receptors respond to 4. 5 kHz than to 30 kHz.

10aacoustic communication10acompound action potential10acricket10asensory coding10aTeleogryllus oceanicus10aultrasound1 aPollack, Gerald, S.1 aFaulkes, Zen uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hans/node/5761802711nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245011300054210006900167260001600236300001200252490000800264520182600272653003202098653002002130653002402150653002402174653002702198100001802225700001702243856023302260 2018 eng d a0003347200aObligate, but not facultative, satellite males prefer the same male sexual signal characteristics as females0 aObligate but not facultative satellite males prefer the same mal cJan-10-2018 a37 - 430 v1443 a

Signalling is energetically expensive and increases the risk of predation and parasite infection. To balance the costs and benefits of mate attraction, individuals may adopt an alternative mating strategy such as satellite behaviour, in which nonsignalling males will settle near signalling males and attempt to intercept approaching females. While many suggest that alternative strategies are ‘making the best of a bad job’, little research has examined whether satellites, particularly obligate satellites, have the potential to increase their mating success by preferentially targeting more attractive signallers. Using the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, we tested the hypothesis that males are more likely to act as satellites to signalling males with particularly attractive songs, as these callers are likely to attract the most females. In this species, a novel male wing mutation, ‘flatwing’, renders some males unable to call. Flatwings are obligate satellites, while nonmutated, normal-wing males switch between calling and satellite strategies. We presented males with calling song models varying in the percentage of long-to-short chirps, a characteristic important in female choice. As was shown for females in previous work, flatwings exhibited a strong preference for calling songs composed of 60% long chirp. Normal wing males did not prefer any particular calling song model. Our results lead to the paradoxical conclusion that males with highly attractive songs may not have the highest mating success. Such male preference for male sexual signals may oppose selection by females and increase competition between signalling and satellite males. This could potentially slow the rate of male trait evolution and influence the evolution of male competition.

10aalternative mating strategy10arapid evolution10asatellite behaviour10asignal exploitation10aTeleogryllus oceanicus1 aOlzer, Rachel1 aZuk, Marlene uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721830229Xhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000334721830229X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000334721830229X?httpAccept=text/plain01894nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245006100055210006000116260001600176300001400192520113100206653002501337653002001362653001801382653002701400100002701427700001701454700003201471700002601503700002201529856011301551 2018 eng d a0003-014700aPurring Crickets: The Evolution of a Novel Sexual Signal0 aPurring Crickets The Evolution of a Novel Sexual Signal cMar-10-2018 a000 - 0003 a

Opportunities to observe contemporary signal change are incredibly rare but critical for understanding how diversity is created and maintained. We discovered a population of the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus) with a newly evolved song (purring), different from any known cricket. Male crickets use song to attract females from afar and to court females once near. Teleogryllus oceanicus is well known for sexual signal evolution, as exemplified by a recent signal loss. In this study, we characterized the new purring sound and investigated the role of the purr in long-distance and short-distance communication. The purring sound differed from typical ancestral calls in peak frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth. Further, the long-distance purring song facilitated mate location, though the role of courtship purring song is less clear. Our discovery of purring male crickets is an unprecedented opportunity to watch the emergence of a newly evolved sexual signal unfold in real time and has potential to illuminate the mechanisms by which evolutionary novelties arise and coevolve between the sexes.

10aevolutionary novelty10arapid evolution10asexual signal10aTeleogryllus oceanicus1 aTinghitella, Robin, M.1 aBroder, Dale1 aGurule-Small, Gabrielle, A.1 aHallagan, Claudia, J.1 aWilson, Jacob, D. uhttps://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/700116https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/700116