02352nas a2200205   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144520163500213653001901848653002501867653001501892653002701907653001801934100002901952700002101981700002502002700002802027700002402055856006702079       2020                        eng d00aWhere has the city choir gone? Loss of the temporal structure of bird dawn choruses in urban areas0 aWhere has the city choir gone Loss of the temporal structure of 3 a<p>Living in the city represents a great challenge for organisms that are exposed to the novel environmental conditions inherent to urbanization. Recent studies have highlighted the ecological impact that urbanization poses on the acoustic phenotype and singing routines of birds. However, the organization and structure of avian dawn choruses in urban settings remains largely unexplored. In this study, we assessed the temporal structure of avian dawn choruses in an intra-urban area and a peri-urban forest using bipartite network analyses. We predicted a random network structuring of dawn choruses across time at the intra-urban area, while expected a non-random structure (i.e., modular or nested) at the peri-urban forest. While we detected different groups of birds vocalizing together temporarily, following a modular pattern in both studied conditions, only the one from the peri-urban forest showed a sequential temporal structure of dawn choruses. Avian dawn choruses from both intra-urban and peri-urban areas were mainly comprised by phylogenetically unrelated species (i.e., random phylogenetic structure), also exhibiting low overlap on singing frequencies. Our results are in agreement with the temporal partitioning of the acoustic space in the peri-urban forest. Our findings also suggest that the absence of temporally-structured modules of bird dawn choruses at heavily-urbanized areas could be related to the depauperization of the avian community at intra-urban areas as a sequel of ecological filtering, as well as the consequent importance of the dominance of the acoustic space by invasive species.</p>
10aAcoustic space10aEcological filtering10aModularity10aMulti-species choruses10aUrban ecology1 aMarín-Gómez, Oscar, H.1 aDáttilo, Wesley1 aSosa-López, Roberto1 aSantiago-Alarcon, Diego1 aMacGregor-Fors, Ian  uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016920461830532202451nas a2200169   4500008004100000245011300041210006900154260001600223300001400239490000800253520189100261100002502152700002402177700002202201700001502223856004302238       2017                        eng d00aSexual differentiation and seasonal variation in response to conspecific and heterospecific acoustic signals0 aSexual differentiation and seasonal variation in response to con  cJan-06-2017  a460 - 4660 v1233 a<p>Interspecific territoriality is frequently reported between closely related species; however, few studies have demonstrated interspecific territoriality between distantly related species living in sympatry. We conducted playback experiments to investigate territorial behaviour in male and female White-bellied Wrens (Uropsila leucogastra) in response to simulated conspecific and heterospecific intruders during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. We explored whether heterospecific songs of the Happy Wren (Pheugopedius felix), a distantly related species and ecological competitor, elicited antagonistic responses from focal White-bellied Wrens, and whether such responses differed between the sexes. We also examined whether male and female responses to conspecific and heterospecific rivals varied with season. We found that male White-bellied Wrens always responded to conspecific song, and responded significantly more to heterospecific song compared to a control stimulus (Tropical Parula, Setophaga pitiayumi). In contrast, although female White-bellied Wrens responded strongly to conspecific song, their response to heterospecific song did not differ significantly from the control stimulus. The proportion of males that responded to heterospecific songs and the proportion of females that responded to conspecific songs varied seasonally, showing significantly lower responses during the breeding season. The intense responses of male White-bellied Wrens to playback of heterospecific songs suggest that they recognise ecological competitors based on their vocal signals. Furthermore, the decrease in agonistic interactions during the breeding season is in line with the hypothesis that aggressive behaviour may be detrimental to reproductive and parental activity, and the hypothesis that heterospecific animals pose less of a threat during the breeding season.</p>
1 aSosa-López, Roberto1 aMennill, Daniel, J.1 aRenton, Katherine1 aKoenig, W.  uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.12616