01733nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180520110400249653002701353653003301380653001201413653001501425653001801440100002801458700002601486856005101512 1998 eng d00aBushcricket song structure and predation by the acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Therobia leonidei (Diptera: Tachinidae: Ormiini)0 aBushcricket song structure and predation by the acoustically ori3 a

Males of most bushcricket species produce acoustic advertisement signals to attract females for mating. These signals can also increase conspicuousness to predators. In the genus Poecilimon (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae) males are attacked by the parasitoid fly Therobia leonidei (Diptera: Tachinidae: Ormiini) which locates males by their calls. In Greece T.leonidei parasitizes several Poecilimon species with different song structures: we examined whether host choice is related to song structure by comparing parasitism rates in two closely related Poecilimon species. One of these species produces monosyllabic songs, the songs of the other species being polysyllabic. The tachinid fly parasitized the polysyllabic species to a greater extent. We demonstrate in a field-experiment that this preference for the polysyllabic species does not depend on local adaptations of the fly. The most probable explanation for the preference of the fly for the polysyllabic singing species seems to be better detection of longer songs. This result is discussed in the context of male song evolution.

10aacoustic communication10aHost-parasitoid relationship10aOrmiini10aOrthoptera10aTettigonoidea1 aLehmann, Gerlind, U. C.1 aHELLER, KLAUS-GERHARD uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00265005048802038nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260001600234520126100250653002701511653001701538653003001555653001501585653002401600100002201624700002201646700002001668700002101688700002001709856007901729 2020 eng d a0046-225X00aMate Choice Behavior of Female Field Crickets Is Not Affected by Exposure to Heterospecific Calling Songs0 aMate Choice Behavior of Female Field Crickets Is Not Affected by cSep-04-20203 a

Many animals produce acoustic signals to mark territories and attract mates. When different species produce acoustic signals simultaneously, the signals create a noisy environment, with potential acoustic interference between species. Theoretical studies suggest that such reproductive interference may have strong effects on species interaction. For example, the inferior resource competitor can survive if its disadvantage is counterbalanced by superiority in reproductive interference. Two field cricket species, Teleogryllus occipitalis (Audinet-Serville) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and Loxoblemmus equestris Saussure (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), cooccur in the same habitat. A previous study has shown that L. equestris is an inferior species to T. occipitalis in terms of resource competition. Therefore, we predicted that mate location and choice behavior of female T. occipitalis would be negatively affected by the acoustic signals of L. equestris and tested this with a series of playback experiments. The mate choice behavior of female T. occipitalis was not significantly affected by the calling song of L. equestris. Our results suggest that the acoustic interference does not explain the cooccurrence of the two species in the same habitat.

10aacoustic communication10acalling song10ainterspecific competition10aOrthoptera10aspecies interaction1 aKuriwada, Takashi1 aKawasaki, Rintaro1 aKuwano, Akifumi1 aReddy, Gadi, V P1 aGinzel, Matthew uhttps://academic.oup.com/ee/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ee/nvaa034/581817901979nas a2200205 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196520123200265653002701497653001801524653001901542653001001561653001801571100002501589700002901614700002401643700001901667700002101686856006601707 2020 eng d00aAcoustically advertising male harbour seals in southeast Alaska do not make biologically relevant acoustic adjustments in the presence of vessel noise0 aAcoustically advertising male harbour seals in southeast Alaska 3 a

Aquatically breeding harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) males use underwater vocalizations during the breeding season to establish underwater territories, defend territories against intruder males, and possibly to attract females. Vessel noise overlaps in frequency with these vocalizations and could negatively impact breeding success by limiting communication space. In this study, we investigated whether harbour seals employed anti-masking strategies to maintain communication in the presence of vessel noise in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Harbour seals in this location did not sufficiently adjust source levels or acoustic parameters of vocalizations to compensate for acoustic masking. Instead, for every 1 dB increase in ambient noise, signal excess decreased by 0.84 dB, indicating a reduction in communication space when vessels passed. We suggest that harbour seals may already be acoustically advertising at or near a biologically maximal sound level and therefore lack the ability to increase call amplitude to adjust to changes in their acoustic environment. This may have significant implications for this aquatically breeding pinniped, particularly for populations in high noise regions.

10aacoustic communication10aharbour seals10amarine mammals10aNoise10avocalizations1 aMatthews, Leanna, P.1 aFournet, Michelle, E. H.1 aGabriele, Christine1 aKlinck, Holger1 aParks, Susan, E. uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2019.079502528nas a2200217 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144520177600213653002701989653002202016653001602038653001202054653002102066653001202087653001902099100001702118700001902135700001902154700001702173856012002190 2011 eng d00aWhistling in caterpillars (Amorpha juglandis, Bombycoidea): sound-producing mechanism and function0 aWhistling in caterpillars Amorpha juglandis Bombycoidea soundpro3 a

Caterpillar defenses have been researched extensively, and, although most studies focus on visually communicated signals, little is known about the role that sounds play in defense. We report on whistling, a novel form of sound production for caterpillars and rare for insects in general. The North American walnut sphinx (Amorpha juglandis) produces whistle ‘trains’ ranging from 44 to 2060ms in duration and comprising one to eight whistles. Sounds were categorized into three types: broadband, pure whistles and multi-harmonic plus broadband, with mean dominant frequencies at 15kHz, 9kHz and 22kHz, respectively. The mechanism of sound production was determined by selectively obstructing abdominal spiracles, monitoring air flow at different spiracles using a laser vibrometer and recording body movements associated with sound production using high-speed video. Contractions of the anterior body segments always accompanied sound production, forcing air through a pair of enlarged spiracles on the eighth abdominal segment. We tested the hypothesis that sounds function in defense using simulated attacks with blunt forceps and natural attacks with an avian predator – the yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia). In simulated attacks, 94% of caterpillars responded with whistle trains that were frequently accompanied by directed thrashing but no obvious chemical defense. In predator trials, all birds readily attacked the caterpillar, eliciting whistle trains each time. Birds responded to whistling by hesitating, jumping back or diving away from the sound source. We conclude that caterpillar whistles are defensive and propose
that they function specifically as acoustic ‘eye spots’ to startle predators.

10aacoustic communication10aAmorpha juglandis10acaterpillar10adefense10asound production10awhistle10ayellow warbler1 aBura, V., L.1 aRohwer, V., G.1 aMartin, P., R.1 aYack, J., E. uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/jeb.046805https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.04680503024nas a2200265 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187520194300256653002702199653002502226653001702251653001802268653004002286653001502326100002002341700001902361700002002380700001802400700001702418700002102435700002502456700002302481700001602504856023802520 2019 eng d00aVocal divergence is concordant with genomic evidence for strong reproductive isolation in grasshopper mice ( Onychomys )0 aVocal divergence is concordant with genomic evidence for strong 3 a

Behavioral barriers to gene flow often evolve faster than intrinsic incompatibilities and can eliminate the opportunity for hybridization between interfertile species. While acoustic signal divergence is a common driver of premating isolation in birds and in‐ sects, its contribution to speciation in mammals is less studied. Here we characterize the incidence of, and potential barriers to, hybridization among three closely related species of grasshopper mice (genus Onychomys). All three species use long‐distance acoustic signals to attract and localize mates; Onychomys arenicola and Onychomys torridus are acoustically similar and morphologically cryptic whereas Onychomys leu‐ cogaster is larger and acoustically distinct. We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) to test for evidence of introgression in 227 mice from allopatric and sympatric lo‐ calities in the western United States and northern Mexico. We conducted laboratory mating trials for all species pairs to assess reproductive compatibility, and recorded vocalizations from O. arenicola and O. torridus in sympatry and allopatry to test for evidence of acoustic character displacement. Hybridization was rare in nature and, contrary to prior evidence for O. torridus/O. arenicola hybrids, only involved O. leu‐ cogaster and O. arenicola. In contrast, laboratory crosses between O. torridus and O. arenicola produced litters whereas O. leucogaster and O. arenicola crosses did not. Call fundamental frequency in O. torridus and O. arenicola was indistinguishable in allopatry but significantly differentiated in sympatry, a pattern consistent with repro‐ ductive character displacement. These results suggest that assortative mating based on a long‐distance signal is an important isolating mechanism between O. torridus and O. arenicola and highlight the importance of behavioral barriers in determining the permeability of species boundaries.

10aacoustic communication10abehavioral isolation10acontact zone10ahybridization10areproductive character displacement10aspeciation1 aCampbell, Polly1 aArévalo, Lena1 aMartin, Heather1 aChen, Charles1 aSun, Shuzhen1 aRowe, Ashlee, H.1 aWebster, Michael, S.1 aSearle, Jeremy, B.1 aPasch, Bret uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ece3.5770https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.5770https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.5770https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ece3.577001976nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173520137300242653002701615653001201642653002101654653002001675653001501695100002101710700002001731856005501751 2007 eng d00aListening for males and bats: spectral processing in the hearing organ of Neoconocephalus bivocatus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aListening for males and bats spectral processing in the hearing 3 a

Tettigoniids use hearing for mate finding and the avoidance of predators (mainly bats). Using intracellular recordings, we studied the response properties of auditory receptor cells of Neoconocephalus bivocatus to different sound frequencies, with a special focus on the frequency ranges representative of male calls and bat cries. We found several response properties that may represent adaptations for hearing in both contexts. Receptor cells with characteristic frequencies close to the dominant frequency of the communication signal were more broadly tuned, thus extending their range of high sensitivity. This increases the number of cells responding to the dominant frequency of the male call at low signal amplitudes, which should improve long distance call localization. Many cells tuned to audio frequencies had intermediate thresholds for ultrasound. As a consequence, a large number of receptors should be recruited at intermediate amplitudes of bat cries. This collective response of many receptors may function to emphasize predator information in the sensory system, and correlates with the amplitude range at which ultrasound elicits evasive behavior in tettigoniids. We compare our results with spectral processing in crickets, and discuss that both groups evolved different adaptations for the perceptual tasks of mate and predator detection.

10aacoustic communication10ahearing10aPredator evasion10aReceptor tuning10aultrasound1 aHöbel, Gerlinde1 aSchul, Johannes uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-007-0245-701829nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300001200232490000800244520115400252653002701406653003001433653001201463653001901475653002701494653001501521100002401536700001701560856004601577 1998 eng d00aRepresentation of behaviorally relevant sound frequencies by auditory receptors in the cricket teleogryllus oceanicus0 aRepresentation of behaviorally relevant sound frequencies by aud a155-1630 v2013 a

Teleogryllus oceanicus is particularly sensitive to two ranges of sound frequency, one corresponding to intraspecific acoustical signals (4-5 kHz) and the other to the echolocation cries of bats (25-50 kHz). We recorded summed responses of the auditory nerve to stimuli in these two ranges. Nerve responses consist of trains of compound action potentials (CAPs), each produced by the summed activity of a number of receptor neurons. The amplitude of the CAP is up to four times larger for stimuli at 4.5 kHz than for stimuli at 30 kHz, suggesting either that the extracellular spikes produced by receptors that respond to 4.5 kHz are larger than those that respond to 30 kHz, or that receptors fire more synchronously in response to stimulation at 4.5 kHz, or that more receptors respond to stimulation at 4.5 kHz. Neither unit spike amplitude nor conduction velocity (which is expected to vary with spike amplitude) differs for the two frequencies, and the responses to 4.5 kHz are not produced by more tightly synchronized receptor populations, as judged by CAP breadth. We conclude that more receptors respond to 4. 5 kHz than to 30 kHz.

10aacoustic communication10acompound action potential10acricket10asensory coding10aTeleogryllus oceanicus10aultrasound1 aPollack, Gerald, S.1 aFaulkes, Zen uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5761802040nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160520139000229653002701619653002601646653001801672653002201690653001401712100002201726700002101748700002301769856006601792 2019 eng d00aSynchronized mating signals in a communication network: the challenge of avoiding predators while attracting mates0 aSynchronized mating signals in a communication network the chall3 a

Conspicuous mating signals attract mates but also expose signallers to predators and parasites. Signal evolution, therefore, is driven by conflicting selective pressures from multiple receivers, both target and non-target. Synchronization of mating signals, for example, is an evolutionary puzzle, given the assumed high cost of reduced female attraction when signals over- lap. Synchronization may be beneficial, however, if overlapping signals reduce attraction of non-target receivers. We investigate how signal synchro- nization is shaped by the trade-off between natural and sexual selection in two anuran species: pug-nosed tree frogs (Smilisca sila), in which males pro- duce mating calls in near-perfect synchrony, and túngara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus), in which males alternate their calls. To examine the trade-off imposed by signal synchronization, we conducted field and laboratory play- back experiments on eavesdropping enemies (bats and midges) and target receivers (female frogs). Our results suggest that, while synchronization can be a general strategy for signallers to reduce their exposure to eavesdrop- pers, relaxed selection by females for unsynchronized calls is key to the evolution and maintenance of signal synchrony. This study highlights the role of relaxed selection in our understanding of the origin of mating signals and displays.

10aacoustic communication10acommunication network10aeavesdroppers10arelaxed selection10asynchrony1 aLegett, Henry, D.1 aPage, Rachel, A.1 aBernal, Ximena, E. uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.106702304nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123520165300192653002701845653001601872653001201888653002401900653002001924100002501944700001401969700001901983856012002002 2011 eng d00aHigh background noise shapes selective auditory filters in a tropical cricket0 aHigh background noise shapes selective auditory filters in a tro3 a

Because of call frequency overlap and masking interference, the airborne sound channel represents a limited resource for communication in a species-rich cricket community like the tropical rainforest. Here we studied the frequency tuning of an auditory neuron mediating phonotaxis in the rainforest cricket Paroecanthus podagrosus, suffering from strong competition, in comparison with the same homologous neuron in two species of European field crickets, where such competition does not exist. As predicted, the rainforest species exhibited a more selective tuning compared with the European counterparts. The filter reduced background nocturnal noise levels by 26 dB, compared with only 16 and 10 dB in the two European species. We also quantified the performance of the sensory filter under the different filter regimes by examining the representation of the species-specific amplitude modulation of the male calling song, when embedded in background noise. Again, the filter of the rainforest cricket performed significantly better in terms of representing this important signal parameter. The neuronal representation of the calling song pattern within receivers was maintained for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios because of the more sharply tuned sensory system and selective attention mechanisms. Finally, the rainforest cricket also showed an almost perfect match between the filter for sensitivity and the peripheral filter for directional hearing, in contrast to its European counterparts. We discuss the consequences of these adaptations for intraspecific acoustic communication and reproductive isolation between species.

10aacoustic communication10acompetition10acricket10adirectional hearing10aMatched filters1 aSchmidt, Arne, K. D.1 aRiede, K.1 aRömer, Heiner uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/jeb.053819https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.05381902463nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158520186300227653002702090653001802117653002002135653001802155653002102173100002302194700002102217856005502238 2019 eng d00aOpportunity for female choice in the wild is frequently curtailed by low male trait variation in Hyla versicolor0 aOpportunity for female choice in the wild is frequently curtaile3 a

To understand the efficacy of female choice in driving the evolution of male displays, we need to not only characterize preferences but examine the opportunity for the expression of such preferences. Mate assessment by females should be constrained if the relative attractiveness of multiple displays is perceived as equal because trait differences between them are indistinguishable. This is expected to result in apparently arbitrary mate choice, and knowledge about the frequency of such mating patterns is crucial in predicting the strength of sexual selection. Here, we examine discrimination abilities of female Hyla versicolor in the context of actual male-male chorus variation. We found that roughly half of mating encounters in the wild do not provide the call variation required for the expression of female preferences (non-arbitrary choice). Interestingly, the trait for which female H. versicolor shows the strongest preference during playback trials (call duration) is not the trait whose difference will most often be detectable to females in the wild (call rate). Furthermore, we document individual variation in discrimination ability, with some females being able to discriminate multiple traits, while others only focus on one trait. This suggests that the relatively high estimate of arbitrary mating is not only due to females struggling to discriminate natural local variation overall but due to an abundance of individuals with limited discrimination abilities that require encounters with males that differ in the specific trait they will discriminate. Lastly, small trait differences between males do not arise from nearest neighbors plastically altering their calls to be more similar. These findings provide insights on the frequently observed mismatch between laboratory phonotaxis and actual mating success in the wild.

10aacoustic communication10aFemale choice10amate preference10aRandom mating10asexual selection1 aStratman, Kane, D.1 aHöbel, Gerlinde uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00265-019-2666-z02436nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260001600212300001600228490000800244520157900252653002701831653001901858653002701877653002901904653002001933653002301953100002501976700001902001856018602020 2016 eng d a0022-094900aFunctional relevance of acoustic tracheal design in directional hearing in crickets0 aFunctional relevance of acoustic tracheal design in directional  cMar-10-2017 a3294 - 33000 v2193 a

Internally coupled ears (ICEs) allow small animals to reliably determine the direction of a sound source. ICEs are found in a variety of taxa, but crickets have evolved the most complex arrangement of coupled ears: an acoustic tracheal system composed of a large cross-body trachea that connects two entry points for sound in the thorax with the leg trachea of both ears. The key structure that allows for the tuned directionality of the ear is a tracheal inflation (acoustic vesicle) in the midline of the cross-body trachea holding a thin membrane (septum). Crickets are known to display a wide variety of acoustic tracheal morphologies, most importantly with respect to the presence of a single or double acoustic vesicle. However, the functional relevance of this variation is still not known. In this study, we investigated the peripheral directionality of three co-occurring, closely related cricket species of the subfamily Gryllinae. No support could be found for the hypothesis that a double vesicle should be regarded as an evolutionary innovation to (1) increase interaural directional cues, (2) increase the selectivity of the directional filter or (3) provide a better match between directional and sensitivity tuning. Nonetheless, by manipulating the double acoustic vesicle in the rainforest cricket Paroecanthus podagrosus, selectively eliminating the sound-transmitting pathways, we revealed that these pathways contribute almost equally to the total amount of interaural intensity differences, emphasizing their functional relevance in the system.

10aacoustic communication10ainsect hearing10aInternally coupled ear10alaser Doppler vibrometry10aMatched filters10aSound localization1 aSchmidt, Arne, K. D.1 aRömer, Heiner uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.145524https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.145524https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.14552402507nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260001600247520173100263653002701994653000902021653001002030653001702040653002102057100001902078700001502097700001602112700001202128700001702140700001602157700002402173856005602197 2019 eng d a1435-944800aBats increase vocal amplitude and decrease vocal complexity to mitigate noise interference during social communication0 aBats increase vocal amplitude and decrease vocal complexity to m cOct-01-20193 a

Natural background noises are common in the acoustic environments in which most organisms have evolved. Therefore, the vocalization and sound perception systems of vocal animals are inherently equipped to overcome natural background noise. Human-generated noises, however, pose new challenges that can hamper audiovocal communication. The mechanisms animals use to cope with anthropogenic noise disturbances have been extensively explored in a variety of taxa. Bats emit echolocation pulses primarily to orient, locate and navigate, while social calls are used to communicate with conspecifics. Previous studies have shown that bats alter echolocation pulse parameters in response to background noise interference. In contrast to high-frequency echolocation pulses, relatively low-frequency components within bat social calls overlap broadly with ambient noise frequencies. However, how bats structure their social calls in the presence of anthropogenic noise is not known. Here, we hypothesized that bats leverage vocal plasticity to facilitate vocal exchanges within a noisy environment. To test this hypothesis, we subjected the Asian particolored bat, Vespertilio sinensis, to prerecorded traffic noise. We observed a significant decrease in vocal complexity (i.e., an increased frequency of monosyllabic calls) in response to traffic noise. However, an increase in the duration and frequency of social calls, as have been observed in other species, was not evident. This suggests that signal simplification may increase communication efficacy in noisy environments. Moreover, V. sinensis also increased call amplitude in response to increased traffic noise, consistent with the predictions of the Lombard effect.

10aacoustic communication10abats10aNoise10aSocial calls10avocal plasticity1 aJiang, Tinglei1 aGuo, Xiong1 aLin, Aiqing1 aWu, Hui1 aSun, Congnan1 aFeng, Jiang1 aKanwal, Jagmeet, S. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10071-018-01235-002149nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245016600055210006900221260001600290520145500306653002701761653003101788653001601819653002101835653003201856100002301888856005601911 2019 eng d a0340-759400aInnate releasing mechanisms and fixed action patterns: basic ethological concepts as drivers for neuroethological studies on acoustic communication in Orthoptera0 aInnate releasing mechanisms and fixed action patterns basic etho cJul-01-20193 a

This review addresses the history of neuroethological studies on acoustic communication in insects. One objective is to reveal how basic ethological concepts developed in the 1930s, such as innate releasing mechanisms and fixed action patterns, have influenced the experimental and theoretical approaches to studying acoustic communication systems in Orthopteran insects. The idea of innateness of behaviors has directly fostered the search for central pattern generators that govern the stridulation patterns of crickets, katydids or grasshoppers. A central question pervading 50 years of research is how the essential match between signal features and receiver characteristics has evolved and is maintained during evolution. As in other disciplines, the tight interplay between technological developments and experimental and theoretical advances becomes evident throughout this review. While early neuroethological studies focused primarily on proximate questions such as the implementation of feature detectors or central pattern generators, later the interest shifted more towards ultimate questions. Orthoptera offer the advantage that both proximate and ultimate questions can be tackled in the same system. An important advance was the transition from laboratory studies under well-defined acoustic conditions to field studies that allowed to measure costs and benefits of acoustic signaling as well as constraints on song evolution.

10aacoustic communication10aCentral pattern generators10aCoevolution10aGenetic coupling10aSender–receiver evolution1 aRonacher, Bernhard uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-018-01311-302839nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245022900054210006900283260001600352300001200368490000700380520174300387653002702130653002302157653002102180653001702201653002002218653002302238100002202261700002102283700002402304700002402328856023302352 2019 eng d a1470160X00aDifferential and additive effects of natural biotic and anthropogenic noise on call properties of Odontophrynus americanus (Anura, Odontophryinidae): Implications for the conservation of anurans inhabiting noisy environments0 aDifferential and additive effects of natural biotic and anthropo cJan-04-2019 a67 - 730 v993 a

Successful reproduction in most anurans is associated to acoustic communication and negative effects of auditory masking by natural biotic and anthropogenic noise are known in this group. However, the potential additive effect of both noise types has been scarcely studied. We examine in situ the acoustic variation of 135 males (n = 975 calls) of Odontophrynus americanus in areas from Central Argentina with (TN) and without traffic noise (N-TN) and in presence (Ch) or absence (N-Ch) of chorus. The effect of noise condition on four call properties (call duration [CD], intercall interval [ICI], pulse rate [PR] and dominant frequency [DF]) were analyzed using linear mixed models (LMM and GLMM). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the acoustical properties that best accounted for variation among all possible noise conditions (N-TN/N-Ch; N-TN/Ch; TN/N-Ch and TN/Ch). PR and DF showed significant higher values in TN than N-TN sites while a significant increase in ICI and a decrease in DF were found in chorus situation. Analyzing combined effects, PR significantly increased in N-TN/N-Ch condition and decreased under TN/Ch. ICI was significantly higher in N-TN/N-Ch condition. PCA showed a separation of males calling in noisy condition mainly associated to higher values of DF and CD. The acoustic variation observed in noisy environments could have implications in the reproductive strategies of the individuals although new studies should be conducted to analyze the effect of this variation on the recognition and choice by females. Our outcomes highlight the importance of conducting in situ behavioral studies considering the additive effects of different environmental noise sources.

10aacoustic communication10aadvertisement call10aAuditory masking10aChorus noise10aNoise pollution10aRoad traffic noise1 aGrenat, Pablo, R.1 aPollo, Favio, E.1 aFerrero, María, A.1 aMartino, Adolfo, L. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X18309464https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1470160X18309464?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1470160X18309464?httpAccept=text/plain01980nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260001600245300001100261520103700272653002701309653003201336653002301368653002001391653003101411653003001442100001401472700001701486700001701503700002301520700001801543700001701561856013601578 2018 eng d a0952-462200aA test of the matched filter hypothesis in two sympatric frogs, Chiromantis doriae and Feihyla vittata0 atest of the matched filter hypothesis in two sympatric frogs iCh cJan-06-2020 a1 - 153 a

The matched filter hypothesis proposes that the auditory sensitivity of receivers should match the spectral energy distribution of the senders’ signals. If so, receivers should be able to distinguish between species-specific and hetero-specific signals. We tested the matched filter hypothesis in two sympatric species, Chiromantis doriae and Feihyla vittata, whose calls exhibit similar frequency characters and that overlap in the breeding season and microenvironment. For both species, we recorded male calls and measured the auditory sensitivity of both sexes using the auditory brainstem response (ABR). We compared the auditory sensitivity with the spectral energy distribution of the calls of each species and found that (1) auditory sensitivity matched the signal spectrogram in C. doriae and F. vittata; (2) the concordance conformed better to the conspecific signal versus the hetero-specific signal. In addition, our results show that species differences are larger than sex differences for ABR audiograms.

10aacoustic communication10aauditory brainstem response10aChiromantis doriae10aFeihyla vittata10ainterspecific interference10amatched filter hypothesis1 aYang, Yue1 aZhu, Bicheng1 aWang, Jichao1 aBrauth, Steven, E.1 aTang, Yezhong1 aCui, Jianguo uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2018.1482786https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09524622.2018.148278601911nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260001600235520126000251653002701511653001601538653001801554653001601572653002501588100002601613700002301639856005501662 2018 eng d a0340-759400aThe impact of age and egg-laying cycle on female grasshoppers’ preference functions for acoustic signals0 aimpact of age and egglaying cycle on female grasshoppers prefere cJan-12-20183 a

Female responsiveness and the shape of preference functions for male signal traits are important determinants for male mating success. We observed the responsiveness and the selectivity of virgin grasshopper females (Chorthippus biguttulus L.) for different features of males’ acoustic signals throughout their life span to detect possible influences of age on the females’ preference functions. In particular, we explored the hypothesis that the females may become less selective with increasing age and, therefore, would start to accept songs that are normally rejected. Such an age effect could relieve the selection pressure on male signal traits. In the majority of animals tested, the general responsiveness decreased with age although a few individuals exhibited an opposite trend. Contrary to the above expectation, there was no indication of a loss of selectivity in older females or an increased acceptance of normally unattractive song models. The timing within the oviposition cycle had a strong effect on responsiveness: near oviposition the general responsiveness increased and with it also the half width of the preference functions. However, highly unattractive song models remained unattractive also near oviposition.

10aacoustic communication10aAge effects10aFemale choice10aOviposition10aPreference functions1 aAufderheide, Jennifer1 aRonacher, Bernhard uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-018-1307-802371nas a2200193 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001600201520172800217653002701945653001501972653002301987653001502010653002502025100002702050700002402077700003302101856004302134 2018 eng d00aNeotropical frogs and mating songs: The evolution of advertisement calls in glassfrogs0 aNeotropical frogs and mating songs The evolution of advertisemen cMar-11-20203 a

Anurans emit advertisement calls with the purpose of attracting mates and repelling conspecific competitors. The evolution of call traits is expected to be associated with the evolution of anatomical and behavioral traits due to the physics of call emission and transmission. Additionally, since vocalizing might imply a trade‐off with investment in parental care, the evolution of calls is expected to trade‐off with parental care. Here, we investigated the association between body size, calling site, parental care and call properties (call duration, number of notes, peak frequency, frequency bandwidth and call structure) of the advertisement calls of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae)—a family of Neotropical, leaf‐dwelling anurans—using phylogenetic comparative methods. We also explored the tempo and mode of evolution of these traits and compared them with those of three morphological traits associated with body size, locomotion and feeding. We generated and compiled acoustic data for 72 glassfrog species (46% of total species richness), including representatives of all genera. We found that almost all acoustic traits have significant, but generally modest, phylogenetic signal. Peak frequency of calls is significantly associated with body‐size, while call structure is significantly associated with calling site and paternal care. Thus, the evolution of body size and calling site could constrain call evolution. The estimated disparity of acoustic traits was larger than that of morphological traits and the peak in disparity of acoustic traits generally occurred later in the evolution of glassfrogs, indicating a historically recent outset of the acoustic divergence in this clade.

10aacoustic communication10aamphibians10acomparative method10aNeotropics10aphenotypic disparity1 aS, Moisés, D. Escalon1 aSimões, Pedro, Ivo1 aCastroviejo-Fisher, Santiago uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jeb.1340601996nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260002000203300001300223490000700236520110200243653002701345653002401372653002301396653002301419100001701442700002701459700002201486700001701508700002301525700002001548700001801568856014401586 2018 eng d a1744-956100aDolphins simplify their vocal calls in response to increased ambient noise0 aDolphins simplify their vocal calls in response to increased amb cSep-05-20182022 a201804840 v143 a

Ocean noise varies spatially and temporally and is driven by natural and anthropogenic processes. Increased ambient noise levels can cause signal masking and communication impairment, affecting fitness and recruitment success. However, the effects of increasing ambient noise levels on marine species, such as marine mammals that primarily rely on sound for communication, are not well understood. We investigated the effects of concurrent ambient noise levels on social whistle calls produced by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the western North Atlantic. Elevated ambient noise levels were mainly caused by ship noise. Increases in ship noise, both within and below the dolphins' call bandwidth, resulted in higher dolphin whistle frequencies and a reduction in whistle contour complexity, an acoustic feature associated with individual identification. Consequently, the noise-induced simplification of dolphin whistles may reduce the information content in these acoustic signals and decrease effective communication, parent–offspring proximity or group cohesion.

10aacoustic communication10aanthropogenic noise10abottlenose dolphin10avocal modification1 aFouda, Leila1 aWingfield, Jessica, E.1 aFandel, Amber, D.1 aGarrod, Aran1 aHodge, Kristin, B.1 aRice, Aaron, N.1 aBailey, Helen uhttp://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0484https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2018.048402268nas a2200277 4500008004100000245006700041210006600108490000600174520133800180653002701518653002601545653002401571653001501595653000901610100002001619700002301639700002501662700002101687700002601708700002301734700002301757700002601780700002701806700001901833856013801852 2018 eng d00aContext-dependent variability in blue whale acoustic behaviour0 aContextdependent variability in blue whale acoustic behaviour0 v53 a

Acoustic communication is an important aspect of reproductive, foraging and social behaviours for many marine species. Northeast Pacific blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) produce three different call types—A, B and D calls. All may be produced as singular calls, but A and B calls also occur in phrases to form songs. To evaluate the behavioural context of singular call and phrase production in blue whales, the acoustic and dive profile data from tags deployed on individuals off southern California were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Only 22% of all deployments contained sounds attributed to the tagged animal. A larger proportion of tagged animals were female (47%) than male (13%), with 40% of unknown sex. Fifty per cent of tags deployed on males contained sounds attributed to the tagged whale, while only a few (5%) deployed on females did. Most calls were produced at shallow depths (less than 30 m). Repetitive phrasing (singing) and production of singular calls were most common during shallow, non-lunging dives, with the latter also common during surface behaviour. Higher sound production rates occurred during autumn than summer and they varied with time-of-day: singular call rates were higher at dawn and dusk, while phrase production rates were highest at dusk and night.

10aacoustic communication10aBalaenoptera musculus10abehavioural context10ablue whale10asong1 aLewis, Leah, A.1 aCalambokidis, John1 aStimpert, Alison, K.1 aFahlbusch, James1 aFriedlaender, Ari, S.1 aMcKenna, Megan, F.1 aMesnick, Sarah, L.1 aSouthall, Brandon, L.1 aSzesciorka, Angela, R.1 aŠirović, Ana uhttp://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rsos.180241https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1098/rsos.18024102236nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260001600221300001600237490000800253520158600261653002701847653002201874653001601896100002701912700002401939856007901963 2006 eng d a0005-795900aFemale preferences for male calling songs in the bladder grasshopper Bullacris membracioides0 aFemale preferences for male calling songs in the bladder grassho cJan-12-2006 a1439 - 14560 v1433 a

Male acoustic signals and the information they convey are often critical determinants of female mate choice. Bladder grasshoppers are one of numerous orthopteran taxa utilizing sound as the basis of courtship and ultimately mating. However, despite the extreme specializations for long-distance acoustic communication in this family, female mating preferences for male calls have not been previously investigated. Here we examine female acoustic responses to playbacks of male calls in Bullacris membracioides. Females were tested in three separate contexts, viz. response to conspecific calls of different individuals, response to degraded conspecific calls, and response to the calls of two heterospecifics. Female response was significantly correlated with seven of eight measured call features within B. membracioides, indicating sexual selection to be operating in this species. Females also responded to conspecific calls with degradation levels equivalent to a male calling 150 m away, but intensity equivalent to one at 25 m, identifying call amplitude rather than degradation as the factor limiting female response. However, as response decreased with increasing call degradation, signal quality remains a factor in female preference. Calls of the sister taxon B. intermedia were equally attractive to B. membracioides females as were conspecific calls, while the more distinct calls of B. serrata were less preferred than those of both B. membracioides and B. intermedia. This indicates a lack of discriminatory ability against a similar sounding heterospecific.

10aacoustic communication10afemale preference10aPneumoridae1 avan Staaden, Moira, J.1 aCouldridge, Vanessa uhttp://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/10.1163/15685390677936703501749nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245011600054210006900170260001600239300001400255490000800269520097200277653002701249653000901276653001501285653002101300653002101321100002001342700001601362700001801378700001601396700001701412856006601429 2017 eng d a0003347200aAcoustic communication within ant societies and its mimicry by mutualistic and socially parasitic myrmecophiles0 aAcoustic communication within ant societies and its mimicry by m cJan-12-2017 a249 - 2560 v1343 a

This review focuses on the main acoustic adaptations that have evolved to enhance social communi- cation in ants. We also describe how other invertebrates mimic these acoustic signals in order to coexist with ants in the case of mutualistic myrmecophiles, or, in the case of social parasites, corrupt them in order to infiltrate ant societies and exploit their resources. New data suggest that the strength of each antemyrmecophile interaction leads to distinctive sound profiles and may be a better predictor of the similarity of sound between different myrmecophilous species than their phylogenetic distance. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary significance of vibrations produced by specialized myrmecophiles in the context of ant multimodal communication involving the use of chemical and acoustic signals in com- bination and identify future challenges for research including how new technology might allow a better understanding of the study systems.

10aacoustic communication10aants10amutualists10asocial parasites10asocial structure1 aSchönrogge, K.1 aBarbero, F.1 aCasacci, L.P.1 aSettele, J.1 aThomas, J.A. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721630282202101nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245016200055210006900217260001600286520134800302653002701650653002101677653002101698653001501719100002401734700002701758856013401785 2017 eng d a0024-406600aSubspecies-specific song preferences and diverged heterospecific discrimination in females of the bush-cricket Isophya kraussii (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)0 aSubspeciesspecific song preferences and diverged heterospecific  cSep-09-20173 a

Divergence of the acoustic signals used in mate calling may be an important driver of speciation. Male song may vary accordingly to, in mismatch with or independently of female preferences. Therefore, to estimate the importance of male signal variation between subspecies, female preferences against subspecies-specific signal variants must be tested. We examined the female response probability in the two subspecies of the bush-cricket Isophya kraussii for consubspecific and heterosubspecific male signals, and also for the song of a closely related species (I. camptoxypha), which is sympatric with one, but allopatric to the other subspecies. Performing no-choice playback experiments, we found that females of both subspecies responded to the male song of their own subspecies with significantly higher probability than to heterosubspecific and heterospecific songs. Response specificity for consubspecific vs. heterosubspecific signals was not significantly asymmetric comparing the two subspecies. A significant difference was found, however, in the discrimination of heterospecific calls: females showed stronger discrimination against the song of I. camptoxypha in the subspecies sympatric with that species. Our results are best explained by a tightly covarying, stepwise coevolution of male signals and female preferences.

10aacoustic communication10amate recognition10asignal evolution10aspeciation1 aOrci, Kirill, Márk1 aIorgu, Ionuț, Ștefan uhttp://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/doi/10.1093/biolinnean/blx094/4110201/Subspeciesspecific-song-preferences-and-diverged02689nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001300041245010200054210006900156260001600225520202600241653002702267653002502294653001302319653002102332653002502353100002802378700002302406856006602429 2017 eng d a0378595500aThe heterospecific calling song can improve conspecific signal detection in a bushcricket species0 aheterospecific calling song can improve conspecific signal detec cJan-09-20173 a

In forest clearings of the Malaysian rainforest, chirping and trilling Mecopoda species often live in sympatry. We investigated whether a phenomenon known as stochastic resonance (SR) improved the ability of individuals to detect a low-frequent signal component typical of chirps when members of the heterospecific trilling species were simultaneously active. This phenomenon may explain the fact that the chirping species upholds entrainment to the conspecific song in the presence of the trill. Therefore, we evaluated the response probability of an ascending auditory neuron (TN-1) in individuals of the chirping Mecopoda species to triple-pulsed 2, 8 and 20 kHz signals that were broadcast 1 dB below the hearing threshold while increasing the intensity of either white noise or a typical triller song.

Our results demonstrate the existence of SR over a rather broad range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of input signals when periodic 2 kHz and 20 kHz signals were presented at the same time as white noise. Using the chirp-specific 2 kHz signal as a stimulus, the maximum TN-1 response probability frequently exceeded the 50% threshold if the trill was broadcast simultaneously. Playback of an 8 kHz signal, a common frequency band component of the trill, yielded a similar result. Nevertheless, using the trill as a masker, the signal-related TN-1 spiking probability was rather variable. The variability on an individual level resulted from correlations between the phase relationship of the signal and syllables of the trill. For the first time, these results demonstrate the existence of SR in acoustically-communicating insects and suggest that the calling song of heterospecifics may facilitate the detection of a subthreshold signal component in certain situations. The results of the simulation of sound propagation in a computer model suggest a wide range of sender-receiver distances in which the triller can help to improve the detection of subthreshold signals in the chirping species.

10aacoustic communication10aauditory interneuron10aEnsifera10asignal detection10astochastic resonance1 aAbdelatti, Zainab, A.S.1 aHartbauer, Manfred uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S037859551730211301984nas a2200217 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260001600219300001400235490000800249520129800257653002701555653001501582653001501597653001801612100002201630700002201652700002301674700001501697856005401712 2017 eng d00aResponses of male cricket frogs ( Acris crepitans) to attenuated and degraded advertisement calls0 aResponses of male cricket frogs iAcris crepitansi to attenuated  cJan-05-2017 a357 - 3640 v1233 a

We examined the vocal and non-vocal responses of male cricket frogs (Acris crepitans) to conspecific advertisement calls that had been attenuated or degraded by reducing the depth of amplitude modulation (AM). Both are characteristic of changes to the call as it is transmitted through natural habitats. As stimulus calls became more intense or less degraded, male cricket frogs gradually decreased their call rate and increased the number of call groups and pulse groups in their calls, changes indicative of increased aggressive interactions. At the higher intensities and lower degradation levels, the probability that males would shift to one of two non-vocal behavioral responses, attacking the perceived intruder or ceasing calling and abandoning the call site, gradually increased. The results show that differences in signal attenuation and AM degradation levels are perceived by males and trigger both vocal and non-vocal behavioral responses consistent with their use in evaluating the distance to a challenging male. Furthermore, the results indicate that the male responses are graded, increasing as intensity rises and degradation falls, and hierarchical, with vocal responses preceding behavioral responses over the range of intensities and degradation levels presented.

10aacoustic communication10aaggression10aamphibians10acricket frogs1 aVenator, Kurt, R.1 aRyan, Michael, J.1 aWilczynski, Walter1 aKoenig, W. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.2017.123.issue-502627nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245009400054210006900148260001600217300001400233490000800247520193000255653002702185653001602212653002702228653002502255653001802280100002102298700002402319856006602343 2017 eng d a0003347200aFunctionally referential alarm calls in noisy miners communicate about predator behaviour0 aFunctionally referential alarm calls in noisy miners communicate cJan-07-2017 a171 - 1790 v1293 a

Many vertebrates have alarm calls that warn conspecifics about danger, and some species even communicate about the type of predator or its behaviour, allowing for appropriate responses. However, such ‘functionally referential’ communication has been shown experimentally in only a handful of species, and requires demonstrating that individuals give acoustically distinct calls to different threats, and that the calls alone are sufficient to prompt listeners to behave as if a specific threat is present. We carried out model presentations, acoustic analyses and a playback experiment to test whether the alarm calls of noisy miners, Manorina melanocephala, are functionally referential. Miners gave different calls to airborne raptor models compared to terrestrial or perched raptor models, and even switched from ‘aerial’ alarm calls to ‘chur’ alarm calls when a hawk glider landed on the ground. They also behaved differently to these two types of threats, showing avoidance to aerial threats, including fleeing or freezing, but deterrent behaviour to terrestrial threats, including vigilance, approach and mobbing. The two alarm call types were acoustically distinct, and consistent with calls to live predators. Blind scoring of video revealed that birds responded appropriately to playbacks of alarm calls alone, typically fleeing to aerial alarm calls yet becoming vigilant, approaching and calling to chur calls. Noisy miners produce alarm calls that therefore meet both criteria for functional reference, and thus become one of the few bird species in which such calls have been confirmed. Many birds appear to give different calls to airborne predators compared to during mobbing of terrestrial or stationary predators, so functionally referential alarms are likely to be common and may often categorize predators by their behaviour and not simply their taxonomic type.

10aacoustic communication10aalarm calls10aantipredator behaviour10afunctional reference10amobbing calls1 aCunningham, Sean1 aMagrath, Robert, D. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730158602845nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245011400054210006900168260001600237300001400253490000800267520203200275653002702307653002902334653001402363653001902377653001402396653001602410653001802426653001602444100002202460700001502482700001602497856006602513 2017 eng d a0003347200aImpact of group size and social composition on group vocal activity and acoustic network in a social songbird0 aImpact of group size and social composition on group vocal activ cJan-05-2017 a163 - 1780 v1273 a

In social species individuals living in the same group may synchronize activities such as movements, foraging or antipredator vigilance. Synchronization of activities can also be observed between partners especially during breeding and can be crucial for breeding success. Vocalizations are behaviours that can be coordinated between individuals, but simultaneous vocalizations in groups have mostly been considered as noise that does not bear any information. Indeed, little is known about the structure and function of vocal communications involving a network of individuals. How individual vocal activity forms part of the communal sound and how the group influences individual vocal activity are questions that remain to be studied. Zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, are social, monogamous songbirds that form lifelong pair bonds. In the wild, they are typically found in small groups, with the pair as the primary social unit, and they gather in ‘social’ trees where both females and males produce vocalizations. Here we investigated in the laboratory the influence of group size and composition on general vocal activity and synchrony, as well as the influence of pair bond and spatial location on the finer characteristics of dyads' vocal interactions. We used a set-up that locked the birds at fixed spatial positions of our choosing to control the proximity network and allowed us to match most of the vocalizations with specific individuals. We used an in-house software suite that automatically detects vocalizations from hours of passive recording. We found that zebra finch groups synchronized their general vocal activity with waves of collective vocalizations, which depended on both the size and the composition of the group. The acoustic network was shaped by pair bonds at different timescales. Birds preferentially vocalized close in time to (synchrony) or directly after (turn taking) their partner when it was present and the nearest neighbour when the partner was not available.

10aacoustic communication10agroup collective calling10apair bond10asocial network10asongbirds10aturn taking10avocalizations10aZebra Finch1 aFernandez, M.S.A.1 aVignal, C.1 aSoula, H.A. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730085403163nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245009800054210006900152260001600221300001400237490000800251520229700259653002702556653000902583653001402592653001602606653001802622653001702640653004202657653003802699653001802737653002102755100001802776700002502794856006602819 2017 eng d a0003347200aTo seek or speak? Dual function of an acoustic signal limits its versatility in communication0 aTo seek or speak Dual function of an acoustic signal limits its  cJan-05-2017 a135 - 1520 v1273 a

The perception of different attributes of conspecifics is an integral part of intraspecific communication. It can facilitate the recognition of interaction partners or the assessment of potential mates. Acoustic signals can encode fine-scaled information through the interplay of acoustic variability and specificity. A reliable vocal signature is both unique within a class and variable between classes. Therefore, acoustic complexity might be associated with the number of classes to be discriminated. We investigated the assumption that limitations to signal design may affect the communicative functionality of a signal. To do so, we chose a signal with potentially dual functionality which may therefore display such limitations. In bats, echolocation is used primarily for foraging and orientation but there is increasing support for its additional role in communication. An acoustic analysis of echolocation pulses of the bat Rhinolophus clivosus confirmed sex and individual vocal signatures in echolocation pulses. A habituation–dishabituation playback experiment suggested that bats perceived these signatures because listening bats clearly discriminated between the sexes (two classes) and between individuals (representatives of a multiclass category), although to different degrees. The simple acoustic structure of these vocalizations provides sufficient specificity for sex discrimination but has limitations for individual discrimination because pulse parameters of individuals increasingly overlapped with increasing group size. We conclude that selection for the primary function of echolocation restricts the acoustic space available for communication. However, we frequently observed echolocation pulses with conspicuous structural modifications. Statistical analyses revealed that these vocalizations yielded increased individual distinctiveness. Such added systematic variation may indicate a communicative function and perhaps a signalling intent of the emitter, although the latter has yet to be tested. The findings suggest that the required specificity for effective communication could be obtained through modification of echolocation variants when adaptations for orientation and foraging constrain the evolution of complex communication signatures.

10aacoustic communication10abats10aco-option10aconstraints10aeavesdropping10aecholocation10ahabituation–dishabituation playback10aindividual and sex discrimination10asignal design10avocal signatures1 aBastian, Anna1 aJacobs, David, Steve uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730077502511nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245012200054210006900176260001600245300001200261490000800273520169800281653002701979653001502006653002202021653002102043653002702064653002102091653001502112653001702127100002302144700002402167856006602191 2017 eng d a0003347200aDivergent mechanisms of acoustic mate recognition between closely related field cricket species ( Teleogryllus spp.)0 aDivergent mechanisms of acoustic mate recognition between closel cJan-08-2017 a17 - 250 v1303 a

Effective recognition of conspeci fi c mating signals reduces the risk of maladaptive hybridization. Dis- secting the signal recognition algorithms that underlie preferences is a useful approach for testing whether closely related taxa evaluate the same or different signal features to achieve mate recognition. Such data provide information about potential constraints and targets of selection during evolutionary divergence. Using a series of mate choice trials, we tested whether closely related, but genetically and phenotypically divergent, fi eld cricket species ( Teleogryllus oceanicus and Teleogryllus commodus ) use shared or distinct recognition algorithms when evaluating acoustic male calling songs. These species overlap in sympatry, show premating isolation based on female discrimination of male calling songs, yet are capable of producing hybrid offspring. Unexpectedly, female selectivity for features of male song differed between the two species. We found that the two species use a combination of shared and unique signal fi ltering mechanisms, and we characterized how information about male carrier frequency, pulse rate and temporal patterning is integrated to achieve song recognition in each species. These results illustrate how comparatively few, simple modi fi cations in key components of signal recognition algo- rithms can lead to striking interspeci fi c discrimination between closely related taxa, despite apparent signal complexity. The fi nding that some steps during signal recognition and fi ltering are shared between the species, while others differ, can help to identify behavioural traits targeted by selection during evolutionary divergence

10aacoustic communication10adivergence10afemale preference10amate recognition10areproductive isolation10asexual selection10aspeciation10aTeleogryllus1 aBailey, Nathan, W.1 aHennig, R. Matthias uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730182302456nas a2200229 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260001600181490000600197520170600203653002701909653001801936653001701954653001701971653003201988653003202020653001702052100003102069700002502100700002402125856007702149 2013 eng d00aInterspecific acoustic recognition in two European bat communities0 aInterspecific acoustic recognition in two European bat communiti cJan-01-20130 v43 a

Echolocating bats emit echolocation calls for spatial orientation and foraging. These calls are often species-specific and are emitted at high intensity and repetition rate. Therefore, these calls could potentially function in intra- and/or inter-specific bat communication. For example, bats in the field approach playbacks of conspecific feeding buzzes, probably because feeding buzzes indicate an available foraging patch. In captivity, some species of bats recognize and distinguish the echolocation calls of different sympatric species. However, it is still unknown if and how acoustic species-recognition mediates interspecific interactions in the field. Here we aim to understand eavesdropping on bat echolocation calls within and across species boundaries in wild bats. We presented playbacks of conspecific and heterospecific search calls and feeding buzzes to four bat species with different foraging ecologies. The bats were generally more attracted by feeding buzzes than search calls and more by the calls of conspecifics than their heterospecifics. Furthermore, bats showed differential reaction to the calls of the heterospecifics. In particular, <i>Myotis capaccinii</i> reacted equally to the feeding buzzes of conspecifics and to ecologically more similar heterospecifics. Our results confirm eavesdropping on feeding buzzes at the intraspecific level in wild bats and provide the first experimental quantification of potential eavesdropping in European bats at the interspecific level. Our data support the hypothesis that bat echolocation calls have a communicative potential that allows interspecific, and potentially intraspecific, eavesdropping in the wild.

10aacoustic communication10aeavesdropping10aecholocation10afeeding buzz10ainterspecific communication10aintraspecific communication10asearch calls1 aDorado-Correa, Adriana, M.1 aGoerlitz, Holger, R.1 aSiemers, Björn, M. uhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2013.00192/abstract02020nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007800055210006900133260001600202300001400218490000700232520133100239653002701570653001401597653001401611653002601625653002601651653002101677100001801698700001901716856005501735 2006 eng d a0028-104200aWhen males whistle at females: complex FM acoustic signals in cockroaches0 aWhen males whistle at females complex FM acoustic signals in coc cJan-10-2006 a500 - 5050 v933 a

Male cockroaches of the species Elliptorhina chopardi expel air through a pair of modified abdominal spiracles during courtship. This air expulsion simultaneously produces air and substrate-borne vibrations. We described and compared in details these two types of vibrations. Our analysis of the air-borne signals shows that males can produce three categories of signals with distinct temporal and frequency parameters. “Pure whistles” consist of two independent harmonic series fast frequency modulated with independent harmonics that can cross each other. “Noisy whistles” also possess two independent voices but include a noisy broad-band frequency part in the middle. Hiss sounds are more noise-like, being made of a broad-band frequency spectrum. All three call types are unusually high in dominant frequency (>5 kHz) for cockroaches. The substrate-borne signals are categorised similarly. Some harmonics of the substrate-borne signals were filtered out, however, making the acoustic energy centered on fewer frequency bands. Our analysis shows that cockroach signals are complex, with fast frequency modulations and two distinct voices. These results also readdress the question of what system could potentially receive and decode the information contained within such complex sounds.

10aacoustic communication10aCockroach10acourtship10aElliptorhina chopardi10afrequency modulations10atwo-voice system1 aSueur, Jerome1 aAubin, Thierry uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00114-006-0135-901996nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245015400054210006900208260001600277300001300293490000700306520106800313653002701381653003101408653003501439653001801474653001901492653001901511653001901530100002001549700002401569700002101593700002101614700001701635856006601652 2007 eng d a0003347200aBehavioural specialization among populations of the acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea utilizing different cricket species as hosts0 aBehavioural specialization among populations of the acoustically cJan-01-2007 a99 - 1040 v733 a

Tightly coupled evolutionary associations between parasites and their hosts are well known. What is less well characterized is the behavioural specialization of parasites that exploit different hosts in different parts of the parasite’s geographical range. Here we examine behavioural specialization among populations of a parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea, that exploit different host species of crickets in different parts of the fly’s range. We conducted a field experiment to compare phonotactic attraction of flies from Florida, Texas, California and Hawaii (U.S.A.) to the songs of their local host species of cricket versus their attraction to the songs of species of crickets utilized as hosts elsewhere within the flies’ range. We found strong behavioural specialization of fly populations, with preferential phonotaxis towards the song of the local host species of cricket. These results suggest strong behavioural specialization of flies, but that specialization does not constrain or preclude the rapid adoption of novel hosts.

10aacoustic communication10abehavioural specialization10adiptera-orthoptera coevolution10aeavesdropping10ahost selection10aOrmia ochracea10aparasitoid fly1 aGray, David, A.1 aBanuelos, Christina1 aWalker, Sean, E.1 aCade, William H.1 aZuk, Marlene uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334720600393903163nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245009800054210006900152260001600221300001400237490000800251520229700259653002702556653000902583653001402592653001602606653001802622653001702640653004202657653003802699653001802737653002102755100001802776700002502794856006602819 2017 eng d a0003347200aTo seek or speak? Dual function of an acoustic signal limits its versatility in communication0 aTo seek or speak Dual function of an acoustic signal limits its  cJan-05-2017 a135 - 1520 v1273 a

The perception of different attributes of conspecifics is an integral part of intraspecific communication. It can facilitate the recognition of interaction partners or the assessment of potential mates. Acoustic signals can encode fine-scaled information through the interplay of acoustic variability and specificity. A reliable vocal signature is both unique within a class and variable between classes. Therefore, acoustic complexity might be associated with the number of classes to be discriminated. We investigated the assumption that limitations to signal design may affect the communicative functionality of a signal. To do so, we chose a signal with potentially dual functionality which may therefore display such limitations. In bats, echolocation is used primarily for foraging and orientation but there is increasing support for its additional role in communication. An acoustic analysis of echolocation pulses of the bat Rhinolophus clivosus confirmed sex and individual vocal signatures in echolocation pulses. A habituation–dishabituation playback experiment suggested that bats perceived these signatures because listening bats clearly discriminated between the sexes (two classes) and between individuals (representatives of a multiclass category), although to different degrees. The simple acoustic structure of these vocalizations provides sufficient specificity for sex discrimination but has limitations for individual discrimination because pulse parameters of individuals increasingly overlapped with increasing group size. We conclude that selection for the primary function of echolocation restricts the acoustic space available for communication. However, we frequently observed echolocation pulses with conspicuous structural modifications. Statistical analyses revealed that these vocalizations yielded increased individual distinctiveness. Such added systematic variation may indicate a communicative function and perhaps a signalling intent of the emitter, although the latter has yet to be tested. The findings suggest that the required specificity for effective communication could be obtained through modification of echolocation variants when adaptations for orientation and foraging constrain the evolution of complex communication signatures.

10aacoustic communication10abats10aco-option10aconstraints10aeavesdropping10aecholocation10ahabituation–dishabituation playback10aindividual and sex discrimination10asignal design10avocal signatures1 aBastian, Anna1 aJacobs, David, Steve uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730077503186nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260002000218300001400238490000700252520235400259653002602613653003602639653002702675653001202702653002302714653003002737100001702767856018402784 2016 eng d a1045-224900aNo phenotypic signature of acoustic competition in songs of a tropical cricket assemblage0 aNo phenotypic signature of acoustic competition in songs of a tr cJul-01-20162017 a211 - 2180 v273 a

Efficient acoustic communication in multispecies assemblages is challenging due to the presence of heterospecific signals. Masking
interference and signal confusion of similarly structured signals can impose fitness costs and, thus, drive evolutionary processes that
shape acoustic signals to reduce their overlap in signal space. Although the partitioning of signal space has been frequently studied
in frog and bird communities, this topic has received much less attention with reference to insects that communicate acoustically. In
this study, we examined the role of acoustic competition in a tropical cricket community and tested the following hypotheses: 1) cosig-
naling  species  are  expected  to  exhibit  more  dissimilar  calling  songs  as  compared  with  species  that  are  spatially  and/or  temporally 
separated  and  2)  species  signaling  with  similar  song  frequencies,  who  are  thereby  subject  to  energetic  masking,  are  more  likely  to 
differ  in  the  temporal  domain  of  their  calling  songs.  Using  non-metric  multidimensional  scaling  and  pairwise  comparison  methods  to 
measure  acoustic  dissimilarity,  we  found  no  evidence  for  either  hypothesis:  the  acoustic  signals  of  species  pairs  that  cosignaled  or 
used similar calling frequencies did not significantly differ from those of species that were spatially/temporally segregated or had large
song frequency differences. In conclusion, for the acoustically communicating cricket community investigated, no supportive evidence
for the partitioning hypothesis and the widespread belief that acoustic competition has led to divergent selection pressures on signal
structure to avoid masking interference was found. Instead, we argue that selection pressures on sensory/neuronal mechanisms seem
to more strongly drive reliable communication.

10aacoustic assemblages10aacoustic masking interference10aacoustic communication10ainsects10asignal divergence10asignal space partitioning1 aRiede, Klaus uhttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/beheco/arv141https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/27/1/211/1744419/No-phenotypic-signature-of-acoustic-competition-in02002nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260001600227300001400243490000800257520129000265653002701555653001301582653002101595653001501616653002101631653000901652100001701661700002001678856007401698 2000 eng d a0962-845200aAcoustic preference functions and song variability in the Hawaiian cricket Laupala cerasina0 aAcoustic preference functions and song variability in the Hawaii cOct-03-2001 a577 - 5840 v2673 a

Female preference functions for di¡erent sexual traits can di¡er signi¢cantly, from `unimodal’ to `open ended’. Through the study of acoustic communication in anurans, several studies have reported an association between static (stereotyped) traits versus dynamic (variable) traits and preference function shape (unimodal versus open ended, respectively). Observing a similar pattern in a phylogenetically independent group would suggest that deterministic forces have caused a relationship between signal variability and preference function shape in acoustic signalling systems. We examined this phenomenon in crickets, another animal characterized by intersexual acoustic communication. We measured the within- male variability for three acoustic features of the male calling song in Laupala cerasina and the corresponding shape of the female preference function for each of these features. We o¡er support for the generalization that open-ended preference functions correspond to relatively dynamic courtship traits and unimodal preference functions correspond to relatively static courtship traits. We discuss the evolutionary signi¢cance of these ¢ndings in the context of the natural history of the Laupala species radiation.

10aacoustic communication10acrickets10amate recognition10apreference10asexual selection10asong1 aShaw, K., L.1 aHerlihy, D., P. uhttp://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rspb.2000.104002042nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132260001600201300001400217490000800231520141900239653002701658653002001685653001801705653001801723653001501741100002501756856005501781 2014 eng d a0340-759400aSelective phonotaxis of female crickets under natural outdoor conditions0 aSelective phonotaxis of female crickets under natural outdoor co cJan-03-2014 a239 - 2500 v2003 aAcoustic mate choice in insects has been extensively studied under laboratory conditions, using different behavioural paradigms. Ideally, however, mate choice designs should reflect natural conditions, including the physical properties of the transmission channel for the signal. Since little is known about the discrimination ability of females between male song variants under natural conditions, we performed phonotaxis experiments with female field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) outdoors, using two-choice decisions based on differences in carrier frequency, sound pressure level, and chirp rate. For all three song parameters, minimum differences necessary for a significant preference between two song models were considerably larger outdoors compared to laboratory conditions. A minimum amplitude difference of 5 dB was required for a significant choice in the field, compared to only 1–2 dB reported for lab-based experiments. Due to the tuned receiver system, differences in carrier frequency equal differences in perceived loudness, and the results on choice for differences in carrier frequency corroborate those in amplitude. Similarly, chirp rate differences of 50 chirps/min were required outdoors compared to only 20 chirps/min in the lab. For predictions about patterns of sexual selection, future studies need to consider the different outcomes of mate choice decisions in lab and field trials.10aacoustic communication10aDecision making10aFemale choice10aField cricket10aphonotaxis1 aHirtenlehner, Stefan uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-014-0881-7