02298nas a2200253 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152520150700221653001701728653001501745653001701760653001201777653001901789653001601808653003201824653001601856653001801872100002001890700001901910700002301929700002601952700002201978856004402000 2022 eng d00aTemporal occurrence of three blue whale populations in New Zealand waters from passive acoustic monitoring0 aTemporal occurrence of three blue whale populations in New Zeala3 a

Describing spatial and temporal occurrence patterns of wild animal populations is important for understanding their evolutionary trajectories, population connectivity, and ecological niche specialization, with relevance for effective management. Throughout the world, blue whales produce stereotyped songs that enable identification of separate acoustic populations. We harnessed continuous acoustic recordings from five hydrophones deployed in the South Taranaki Bight (STB) region of Aotearoa New Zealand from January 2016 to February 2018. We examined hourly presence of songs from three different blue whale populations to investigate their contrasting ecological use of New Zealand waters. The New Zealand song was detected year-round with a seasonal cycle in intensity (peak February–July), demonstrating the importance of the region to the New Zealand population as both a foraging ground and potential breeding area. The Antarctic song was present in two distinct peaks each year (June–July; September–October) and predominantly at the offshore recording locations, suggesting northbound and southbound migration between feeding and wintering grounds. The Australian song was only detected during a 10-day period in January 2017, implying a rare vagrant occurrence. We therefore infer that the STB region is the primary niche of the New Zealand population, a migratory corridor for the Antarctic population, and outside the typical range of the Australian population.

10abioacoustics10ablue whale10adistribution10aecology10amarine mammals10aNew Zealand10apassive acoustic monitoring10apopulations10avocalizations1 aBarlow, Dawn, R1 aKlinck, Holger1 aPonirakis, Dimitri1 aColberg, Mattea, Holt1 aTorres, Leigh, G. uhttps://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyac10602016nas a2200181 4500008004100000245006900041210006900110520144700179653001701626653002601643653001501669653001901684653001801703100002301721700001901744700002501763856004601788 2019 eng d00aBioacoustic monitoring of animal vocal behavior for conservation0 aBioacoustic monitoring of animal vocal behavior for conservation3 a

The popularity of bioacoustics for threatened species monitoring has surged. Large volumes of acoustic data can be collected autonomously and remotely with minimal human effort. The approach is commonly used to detect cryptic species and, more recently, to estimate abundance or density. However, the potential for conservation- relevant information to be derived from acoustic signatures associated with particular behavior is less well-exploited. Animal vocal behavior can reveal important informa- tion about critical life history events. In this study, we argue that the overlap of the disciplines of bioacoustics, vocal communication, and conservation behavior—thus, “acoustic conservation behavior”—has much to offer threatened species monitoring. In particular, vocalizations can serve as indicators of behavioral states and contexts that provide insight into populations as it relates to their conservation. We explore the information available from monitoring species' vocalizations that relate to repro- duction and recruitment, alarm and defense, and social behavior, and how this infor- mation could translate into potential conservation benefits. While there are still challenges to processing acoustic data, we conclude that acoustic conservation behavior may improve threatened species monitoring where vocalizations reveal behaviors that are informative for management and decision-making.

10abioacoustics10aconservation behavior10amonitoring10avocal behavior10avocalizations1 aTeixeira, Daniella1 aMaron, Martine1 aRensburg, Berndt, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5839401979nas a2200205 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196520123200265653002701497653001801524653001901542653001001561653001801571100002501589700002901614700002401643700001901667700002101686856006601707 2020 eng d00aAcoustically advertising male harbour seals in southeast Alaska do not make biologically relevant acoustic adjustments in the presence of vessel noise0 aAcoustically advertising male harbour seals in southeast Alaska 3 a

Aquatically breeding harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) males use underwater vocalizations during the breeding season to establish underwater territories, defend territories against intruder males, and possibly to attract females. Vessel noise overlaps in frequency with these vocalizations and could negatively impact breeding success by limiting communication space. In this study, we investigated whether harbour seals employed anti-masking strategies to maintain communication in the presence of vessel noise in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Harbour seals in this location did not sufficiently adjust source levels or acoustic parameters of vocalizations to compensate for acoustic masking. Instead, for every 1 dB increase in ambient noise, signal excess decreased by 0.84 dB, indicating a reduction in communication space when vessels passed. We suggest that harbour seals may already be acoustically advertising at or near a biologically maximal sound level and therefore lack the ability to increase call amplitude to adjust to changes in their acoustic environment. This may have significant implications for this aquatically breeding pinniped, particularly for populations in high noise regions.

10aacoustic communication10aharbour seals10amarine mammals10aNoise10avocalizations1 aMatthews, Leanna, P.1 aFournet, Michelle, E. H.1 aGabriele, Christine1 aKlinck, Holger1 aParks, Susan, E. uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2019.079502524nas a2200361 4500008004100000245012900041210006900170520132900239653002801568653001501596653001501611653002301626653001401649653001101663653001501674653001701689653003401706653001801740100002201758700002701780700002501807700003101832700002901863700001701892700003201909700002101941700001901962700002601981700003102007700002002038700001602058856008802074 2019 eng d00aMolossid unlimited: extraordinary extension of range and unusual vocalization patterns of the bat, Promops centralisAbstract0 aMolossid unlimited extraordinary extension of range and unusual 3 a

The big crested mastiff bat, Promops centralis, occurs in Central and South America, but knowledge of its ecology is limited due to its open space hunting strategy, making captures extremely challenging. Notwithstanding, members of the species produce echolocation calls that are easy to identify. After recording calls of P. centralis 1,500 km away from its known range in Brazil, we hypothesized that the distribution range of this species was probably greatly underestimated. To improve the accuracy of P. centralis’ real distribution, we employed acoustic surveys throughout parts of Brazil, conducted after a bibliographic review to gather additional records, and used MaxEnt to model the species’ potential distribution. We have found that P. centralis has a much wider distribution in South America than previously thought, adding more than 3.8 million km2 to its former known area. We also describe an unusual vocalization pattern of P. centralis, with individuals emitting at least three very distinct but highly variable calls. This study shows that bioacoustic surveys and species distribution models can complement traditional methodologies in studying species that are difficult to capture, such as P. centralis, potentially contributing to more effective conservation and management plans.

10abig crested mastiff bat10aChiroptera10aduty cycle10aecholocation calls10afrequency10aMaxEnt10aMolossidae10aSocial calls10aspecies distribution modeling10avocalizations1 aHintze, Frederico1 aArias-Aguilar, Adriana1 aDias-Silva, Leonardo1 aDelgado-Jaramillo, Mariana1 aSilva, Carina, Rodrigues1 aJucá, Thays1 aMischiatti, Francyne, Lyrio1 aAlmeida, Márcio1 aBezerra, Bruna1 aAguiar, Ludmilla, M S1 aPereira, Maria, João Ramo1 aBernard, Enrico1 aLoeb, Susan uhttps://academic.oup.com/jmammal/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jmammal/gyz167/563735602349nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260001600227300000800243490000700251520146400258653001301722653002001735653003301755653001801788100003201806700003601838700002101874700002501895856021101920 2019 eng d00aBioacoustics of Pithecopus rusticus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae): A Rare Species Possibly Threatened with Extinction0 aBioacoustics of Pithecopus rusticus Anura Phyllomedusidae A Rare cJan-12-2019 a1960 v143 a

Vocalization is an important means of intra- and interspecific communication in anurans and is essential for reproduction. Here, we describe the advertisement and territorial calls of Pithecopus rusticus and determine the influence of air temperature and morphometric variables on advertisement call parameters. We recorded the vocalizations at the type-locality, in the municipality of Água Doce, state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, from September 2015 to February 2016. The advertisement call was composed of a short note, emitted sporadically, with a duration of 0.023 ± 0.002 ms (0.019–0.033 ms; n = 244). We recorded two types of territorial calls that were observed during the interaction between males. Territorial call I was composed of two notes and had a duration of 0.095 ± 0.043 ms (0.033–0.166 ms; n = 27). Territorial call II was a multipulsed note lasting 0.911 ± 0.340 ms (0.504–1.346 ms; n = 9) composed of 7–58 pulses emitted after territorial call I. Advertisement call duration was negatively related to air temperature. The duration and number of notes of the advertisement call of P. rusticus were similar to those of phylogenetically close species. Information on vocal repertoires of amphibians and factors influencing acoustic parameters are essential to understand the systematic taxonomy and evolution of groups, especially little-known species such as P. rusticus.

10aAmphibia10aAtlantic Forest10aHighlands of southern Brazil10avocalizations1 aBoschetti, Joana, Priscilla1 aDe Bastiani, Veluma, Ialú Moli1 aLingnau, Rodrigo1 aLucas, Elaine, Maria uhttps://bioone.org/journals/south-american-journal-of-herpetology/volume-14/issue-3/SAJH-D-17-00071.1/Bioacoustics-of-Pithecopus-rusticus-Anura-Phyllomedusidae--A-Rare-Species/10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00071.1.full01110nas a2200169 4500008004100000245006800041210006200109490000600171520059200177653002200769653001400791653001600805653001800821100003200839700002300871856004600894 2018 eng d00aHarmonics: Rediscovering Eleutherodactylus Vocalizations0 aHarmonics Rediscovering iEleutherodactylusi Vocalizations0 v53 a

There are 17 described species of Eleutherodactylus in Puerto Rico, some more common than others. The use of harmonics as a means of vocalization has been little studied in the Caribbean. As part of a long-term study of the evolution of sonic communication in Puerto Rican Eleutherodactylus frogs, we document the use harmonics in three common but distinct Puerto Rican endemic species: E. coqui, E. antillensis, and E. brittoni. This study focuses only on the description of these vocalizations using computer software not on the behavioral implications of these vocalizations.

10aEleutherodactylus10aharmonics10aPuerto Rico10avocalizations1 aRíos-Franceschi, Alejandro1 aJoglar, Rafael, L. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5735702013nas a2200241 4500008004100000245005600041210005600097520131200153653001201465653003301477653002401510653001601534653002701550653002101577653003401598653001901632653001801651100001201669700001601681700002301697700000501720856004601725 2018 eng d00aBehavioral and neural auditory thresholds in a frog0 aBehavioral and neural auditory thresholds in a frog3 a

Vocalizations play a critical role in mate recognition and mate choice in a number of taxa, especially, but not limited to, orthopterans, frogs, and birds. But receivers can only recognize and prefer sounds that they can hear. Thus a fundamental question linking neurobiology and sexual selection asks— what is the threshold for detecting acoustic sexual displays? In this study we use three methods to assess such thresholds in túngara frogs: behavioral responses, auditory brainstem responses, and multi-unit electrophysiological recordings from the midbrain. We show that thresholds are lowest for multi-unit recordings (ca. 45 dB SPL), and then for behavioral responses (ca. 61 dB SPL), with auditory brainstem responses exhibiting the highest thresholds (ca. 71 dB SPL). We discuss why these estimates differ and why, as with other studies, it is unlikely that they should be the same. Although all of these studies estimate thresholds they are not measuring the same thresholds; behavioral thresholds are based on signal salience while the two neural assays estimate physiological thresholds. All three estimates, however, make it clear that to have an appreciation for detection and salience of acoustic signals we must listen to those signals through the ears of the receivers.

10aanurans10aauditory brainstem responses10aauditory thresholds10amate choice10aPhysalaemus pustulosus10asexual selection10asignal recognition thresholds10atúngara frogs10avocalizations1 aRyan, C1 aAkre, Karin1 aWilczynski, Walter1 a uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5341402418nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260001600251300000800267490000900275520156600284653002101850653001301871653001401884653001101898653001901909653002001928653001801948100002601966700002901992700002802021856011502049 2018 eng d a1175-532600aGeographic variation in the advertisement call of Trachycephalus typhonius Anura: Hylidae) based on South American samples0 aGeographic variation in the advertisement call of Trachycephalus cFeb-11-2019 a4040 v45213 a

Previously described calls of Trachycephalus typhonius (Linnaeus, 1758) correspond to several populations from Central and South America, but in general, these descriptions were brief and often based on a single recorded individual. Here, based on an expressive sample, we re-describe the advertisement calls of T. typhonius using recordings from populations in Brazil and Argentina. Additionally, we discuss geographical variation of calls, comment on their frequency band structure and compare calls with those described for other species of Trachycephalus. Calls of 32 males were recorded and temporal and spectral features of 269 calls were measured. To search for discrimination among three populations sampled we used the Random Forest (RF) model, Multidimensional Scaling Analysis (MDS) and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test. The advertisement calls of T. typhonius consist of a multipulsed note of 343–540 ms of duration, emitted at regular intervals, with up to three emphasized frequency bands. Dominant frequency ranged between 1705–2750 Hz. Calls from Rondônia (Brazil) were significantly different from those recorded in Argentina and Minas Gerais (Brazil) in relation to pulse rate and dominant frequency. Populations from Minas Gerais and Argentina differed in dominant frequency of calls. Such population differences can be partly attributed to differences in prevalence of calling sites (immersed in water vs. perches on vegetation), but can also hint at the existence of cryptic species diversity under this taxon.

10aAmazon Milk Frog10aAmphibia10aArgentina10aBrazil10acall structure10adifferentiation10avocalizations1 aZaracho, Víctor Hugo1 aAguiar, Leonardo, Dionel1 aGiaretta, Ariovaldo, A. uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4521.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4521.3.602845nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245011400054210006900168260001600237300001400253490000800267520203200275653002702307653002902334653001402363653001902377653001402396653001602410653001802426653001602444100002202460700001502482700001602497856006602513 2017 eng d a0003347200aImpact of group size and social composition on group vocal activity and acoustic network in a social songbird0 aImpact of group size and social composition on group vocal activ cJan-05-2017 a163 - 1780 v1273 a

In social species individuals living in the same group may synchronize activities such as movements, foraging or antipredator vigilance. Synchronization of activities can also be observed between partners especially during breeding and can be crucial for breeding success. Vocalizations are behaviours that can be coordinated between individuals, but simultaneous vocalizations in groups have mostly been considered as noise that does not bear any information. Indeed, little is known about the structure and function of vocal communications involving a network of individuals. How individual vocal activity forms part of the communal sound and how the group influences individual vocal activity are questions that remain to be studied. Zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, are social, monogamous songbirds that form lifelong pair bonds. In the wild, they are typically found in small groups, with the pair as the primary social unit, and they gather in ‘social’ trees where both females and males produce vocalizations. Here we investigated in the laboratory the influence of group size and composition on general vocal activity and synchrony, as well as the influence of pair bond and spatial location on the finer characteristics of dyads' vocal interactions. We used a set-up that locked the birds at fixed spatial positions of our choosing to control the proximity network and allowed us to match most of the vocalizations with specific individuals. We used an in-house software suite that automatically detects vocalizations from hours of passive recording. We found that zebra finch groups synchronized their general vocal activity with waves of collective vocalizations, which depended on both the size and the composition of the group. The acoustic network was shaped by pair bonds at different timescales. Birds preferentially vocalized close in time to (synchrony) or directly after (turn taking) their partner when it was present and the nearest neighbour when the partner was not available.

10aacoustic communication10agroup collective calling10apair bond10asocial network10asongbirds10aturn taking10avocalizations10aZebra Finch1 aFernandez, M.S.A.1 aVignal, C.1 aSoula, H.A. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730085402653nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245009500054210006900149260001600218300001200234490000800246520190100254653001602155653001502171653001602186653001202202653001802214100001902232700002002251700001702271700001902288700002602307856006602333 2017 eng d a0003347200aHens vary their vocal repertoire and structure when anticipating different types of reward0 aHens vary their vocal repertoire and structure when anticipating cJan-08-2017 a79 - 960 v1303 aThe vocalizations of nonhuman animals are considered potential indicators of motivational or internal state. In many species, different call types, and structural variation within call types, encode information about physical characteristics such as age or sex, or about variable traits such as motivation. Domestic chickens, Gallus gallus, have an elaborate vocal repertoire, enabling investigation into whether reward-related arousal is encoded within their call type and structure. Twelve hens were given a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm using sound cues to signal the availability of two food rewards (mealworms, normal food), one nonfood reward (a container of substrate suitable for dustbathing), and a sound-neutral event (sound cue, no reward). A muted-neutral treatment (no sound cue, no reward) provided a baseline for vocal behaviour. Sound cues preceded a 15 s anticipation period during which vocalizations were recorded. Hens produced a ‘Food call’ (previously defined in other studies) in anticipation of all rewards, including the nonfood reward. ‘Food calls’ and ‘Fast clucks’ were more prevalent in anticipation of rewards, and most prevalent following the cue signalling the dustbathing substrate, suggesting that this reward induced the most arousal in hens. The peak frequency of ‘Food calls’ made in anticipation of the dustbathing substrate was significantly lower than those made in anticipation of food rewards, potentially reflecting differences in arousal. Vocalizations that reliably indicate hens' motivational state could be used as measures of welfare in on-farm assessment situations. Our study is the first to reveal variation in the frequency-related parameters of the ‘Food call’ in different contexts, and to show the prevalence of different call types in reward and nonreward contexts, which may have implications for welfare assessments.10alaying hens10amotivation10areferential10arewards10avocalizations1 aMcGrath, Nicky1 aDunlop, Rebecca1 aDwyer, Cathy1 aBurman, Oliver1 aPhillips, Clive, J.C. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730170702673nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001300041245008200054210006900136260001600205300001200221490000800233520172900241653001101970653001601981653001201997653002402009653001302033653001302046653001502059653002902074653001802103653003702121100001602158700001902174700001702193700002502210700002102235700002502256856006602281 2017 eng d a0003347200aFeeling anxious? The mechanisms of vocal deception in tufted capuchin monkeys0 aFeeling anxious The mechanisms of vocal deception in tufted capu cJan-08-2017 a37 - 460 v1303 a

An ability to deceive conspeci fi cs is thought to have favoured the evolution of large brains in social animals, but evidence that such behaviours require cognitive complexity is lacking. Tufted capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus spp.) have been documented to use false alarm calls during feeding in a manner that functions to deceive competitors. However, comparative evidence suggests that the production of vo- calizations by nonhuman primates is largely underpinned by emotional mechanisms, calling into question more cognitive interpretations of this behaviour. To determine whether emotional states are plausibly necessary and suf fi cient to proximately explain deceptive alarm call production, we examined the association between self-directed behaviours (SDBs), as a proxy for anxiety, and the production of spontaneous false alarm calls among tufted capuchins. Speci fi cally, we predicted that if anxiety is necessary for the production of false alarms, then individuals that produce spontaneous false alarms should exhibit more SDBs in those contexts in which they call. If anxiety is also suf fi cient to explain the false alarm call production, then we predicted that individuals that call more in a given context would show higher rates of SDBs in that context, and that high rates of calling would be temporally associated with high rates of SDBs. Our results support the contention that states of anxiety are necessary for an individual to spontaneously produce false alarms, but that such states are not suf fi cient to explain patterns of calling. The link between anxiety and deceptive calling thus appears complex, and cognitively based decision-making processes may play some role in call production.

10aaffect10aalarm calls10aanxiety10adeceptive behaviour10aemotions10aprimates10ascratching10aself-directed behaviours10avocalizations10awithin-group contest competition1 aKean, Donna1 aTiddi, Barbara1 aFahy, Martin1 aHeistermann, Michael1 aSchino, Gabriele1 aWheeler, Brandon, C. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347217301835